Bone histomorphometry:​ standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units:​ report of the ASBMR histomorphometry nomenclature committee

Parfitt, A. Michael; Drezner, Marc K.; Glorieux, Francis H.; Kanis, John A.; Malluche, Hartmut; Meunier, Pierre J.; Ott, Susan M.; Recker, Robert R.

Year	Entry
1992	Bradbeer JN, Arlott ME, Meunier PJ, Reeve J. Treatment of osteoporosis with parathyroid peptide (hPTH 1-34) and oestrogen: increase in volumetric density of iliac cancellous bone may depend on reduced trabecular spacing as well as increased thickness of packets of newly formed bone. Clin Endocrinol. September 1992;37(3):282-289.
1990	Ohno A, Amagai H, Miyagawa S, Yoshikawa S. Mean wall thickness of iliac trabecular bone packets in 98 normal Japanese females. In: Takahashi H, ed. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Bone Morphometry. 1990:392-395.
2010	Parkinson IH, Forbes D, Sutton-Smith P, Fazzalari NL. Model-independent 3D descriptors of vertebral cancellous bone architecture. J Osteopor. 2010;2010:641578.
2008	Zhang Y, He Z, Fan S, He K, Li C. Automatic thresholding of micro-CT trabecular bone images. Proceedings of the International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI 2008); May 27-30, 2008; Sanya, Hainan, China.23-27.
2001	Jee WSS. Integrated bone tissue physiology: anatomy and physiology. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:1-1–1-68.
2001	Rüegsegger P. Imaging of bone structure. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:9-1–9-24.
2001	Odgaard A. Quantification of cancellous bone architecture. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:14-1–14-19.
2025	Cole ME, Crowder C, Stout SD. Bone remodeling and its histomorphological products. In: Stout SD, Crowder C, eds. Bone Histology: A Biological Anthropological Perspective. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2025:1-46.
2025	Pfeiffer S, Pinto D. Histological analyses of human bone from archaeological contexts. In: Stout SD, Crowder C, eds. Bone Histology: A Biological Anthropological Perspective. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2025:343-364.
2025	Cooper DML, Andronowski JM, Wei X, Taylor JT. Three-dimensional microstructural imaging of bone: technological developments and anthropological applications. In: Stout SD, Crowder C, eds. Bone Histology: A Biological Anthropological Perspective. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2025:393-441.
2011	Ferguson VL, Olesiak SE. Nanoindentation of bone. In: Oyen ML, ed. Handbook of Nanoindentation With Biological Applications. Singapore: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd; 2011:185-237.
1998	Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA. Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1998.
1990	Parfitt AM. Bone-forming cells in clinical conditions. In: Hall BK, ed. Bone. Volume 1: The Osteoblast and Osteocyte. Caldwell, NJ: Inc., The Telford Press; 1990:351-429.
2010	Cichański A, Nowicki K, Mazurkiewicz A, Topoliński T. Investigation of statistical relationships between quantities describing bone architecture, its fractal dimensions and mechanical properties. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2010;12(4):69-77.
2012	Nikodem A. Correlations between structural and mechanical properties of human trabecular femur bone. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2012;14(2):37-46.
2002	Banse X. When density fails to predict bone strength. Acta Orthop Scand. 2002;73(2)(suppl 303):2-57.
2010	Busse B, Djonic D, Milovanovic P, Hahn M, Püschel K, Ritchie RO, Djuric M, Amling M. Decrease in the osteocyte lacunar density accompanied by hypermineralized lacunar occlusion reveals failure and delay of remodeling in aged human bone. Aging Cell. December 2010;9(6):1065-1075.
2013	Andersen TL, Abdelgawad ME, Kristensen HB, Hauge EM, Rolighed L, Bollerslev J, Kjærsgaard-Andersen P, Delaisse J-M. Understanding coupling between bone resorption and formation: are reversal cells the missing link? Am J Pathol. July 2013;183(1):235-246.
2014	Andersen TL, Hauge EM, Rolighed L, Bollerslev J, Kjærsgaard-Andersen P, Delaisse J-M. Correlation between absence of bone remodeling compartment canopies, reversal phase arrest, and deficient bone formation in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Am J Pathol. April 2014;184(4):1142-1151.
1993	Chow JW, Jagger CJ, Chambers TJ. Characterization of osteogenic response to mechanical stimulation in cancellous bone of rat caudal vertebrae. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. August 1993;265(2, pt 1):E340-E347.
1990	Li XJ, Jee WSS, Chow S-Y, Woodbury DM. Adaptation of cancellous bone to aging and immobilization in the rat: a single photon absorptiometry and histomorphometry study. Anat Rec. May 1990;227B(1):12-24.
2003	Cooper DML, Turinsky AL, Sensen CW, Hallgrímsson B. Quantitative 3D analysis of the canal network in cortical bone by micro-computed tomography. Anat Rec. September 2003;274B(1):169-179.
2007	Burghardt AJ, Kazakia GJ, Majumdar S. A local adaptive threshold strategy for high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography of trabecular bone. Ann Biomed Eng. October 2007;235(10):1678-1686.
1996	Amling M, Pösl M, Ritzel H, Hahn M, Vogel M, Wening VJ, Delling G. Architecture and distribution of cancellous bone yield vertebral fracture clues: a histomorphometric analysis of the complete spinal column from 40 autopsy specimens. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. July 1996;115(5):262-269.
2004	Hayami T, Pickarski M, Wesolowski GA, Mclane J, Bone A, Destefano J, Rodan GA, Duong LT. The role of subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis: reduction of cartilage degeneration and prevention of osteophyte formation by alendronate in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model. Arthritis Rheum. April 2004;50(4):1193-1206.
1988	Parisien MV, McMahon D, Pushparaj N, Dempster DW. Trabecular architecture in iliac crest bone biopsies: infra-individual variability in structural parameters and changes with age. Bone. 1988;9(5):289-295.
1989	Weinreb M, Rodan GA, Thompson DD. Osteopenia in the immobilized rat hind limb is associated with increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Bone. 1989;10(3):187-194.
1990	Jee WSS, Mori S, Li XJ, Chan S. Prostaglandin E₂ enhances cortical bone mass and activates intracortical bone remodeling in intact and ovariectomized female rats. Bone. 1990;11(4):253-266.
1991	Parfitt AM, Foldes J. The ambiguity of interstitial bone thickness: a new approach to the mechanism of trabecular thinning. Bone. 1991;12(2):119-122.
1992	Parfitt AM. Implications of architecture for the pathogenesis and prevention of vertebral fracture. Bone. 1992;13(suppl 2):S41-S47.
1993	Brockstedt H, Kassem M, Eriksen EF, Mosekilde L, Melsen F. Age- and sex-related changes in iliac cortical bone mass and remodeling. Bone. July–August 1993;14(4):681-691.
1995	Forwood MR, Burr DB, Takano Y, Eastman DF, Smith PN, Schwardt JD. Risedronate treatment does not increase microdamage in the canine femoral neck. Bone. June 1995;16(6):643-650.
1996	Biewener AA, Fazzalari NL, Konieczynski DD, Baudinette RV. Adaptive changes in trabecular architecture in relation to functional strain patterns and disuse. Bone. July 1996;19(1):1-8.
1997	Odgaard A. Three-dimensional methods for quantification of cancellous bone architecture. Bone. 1997;20(4):315-328.
1997	Silva MJ, Gibson LJ. Modeling the mechanical behavior of vertebral trabecular bone: effects of age-related changes in microstructure. Bone. 1997;21(2):191-199.
1997	Yeni YN, Brown CU, Wang Z, Norman TL. The influence of bone morphology on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia. Bone. November 1997;21(4):453-459.
1997	Mori S, Harruff R, Ambrosius W, Burr DB. Trabecular bone volume and microdamage accumulation in the femoral heads of women with and without femoral neck fractures. Bone. December 1997;21(6):521-526.
1998	Kothari M, Keaveny TM, Lin JC, Newitt DC, Genant HK, Majumdar S. Impact of spatial resolution on the prediction of trabecular architecture parameters. Bone. May 1998;22(5):437-443.
1998	Majumdar S, Kothari M, Augat P, Newitt DC, Link TM, Lin JC, Lang T, Lu Y, Genant HK. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging: three-dimensional trabecular bone architecture and biomechanical properties. Bone. May 1998;22(5):445-454.
1998	Ito M, Nakamura T, Matsumoto T, Tsurusaki K, Hayashi K. Analysis of trabecular microarchitecture of human iliac bone using microcomputed tomography in patients with hip arthrosis with or without vertebral fracture. Bone. August 1998;23(2):163-169.
1999	Iwamoto J, Yeh JK, Aloia JF. Differential effect of treadmill exercise on three cancellous bone sites in the young growing rat. Bone. March 1999;24(3):163-169.
1999	Kodama Y, Dimai HP, Wergedal J, Sheng M, Malpe R, Kutilek S, Beamer W, Donahue LR, Rosen C, Baylink DJ, Farley J. Cortical tibial bone volume in two strains of mice: effects of sciatic neurectomy and genetic regulation of bone response to mechanical loading. Bone. August 1999;25(2):183-190.
1999	Yeh OC, Keaveny TM. Biomechanical effects of intraspecimen variations in trabecular architecture: a three-dimensional finite element study. Bone. August 1999;25(2):223-228.
1999	Kothari M, Keaveny TM, Lin JC, Newitt DC, Majumdar S. Measurement of intraspecimen variations in vertebral cancellous bone architecture. Bone. August 1999;25(2):245-250.
1999	Uchiyama T, Tanizawa T, Muramatsu H, Endo N, Takahashi HE, Hara T. Three-dimensional microstructural analysis of human trabecular bone in relation to its mechanical properties. Bone. 1999;25(4):487-491.
2000	Glorieux FH, Travers R, Taylor A, Bowen JR, Rauch F, Norman M, Parfitt AM. Normative data for iliac bone histomorphometry in growing children. Bone. February 2000;26(2):103-109.
2000	Rauch F, Travers R, Parfitt AM, Glorieux FH. Static and dynamic bone histomorphometry in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone. June 2000;26(6):581-589.
2000	Parfitt AM, Travers R, Rauch F, Glorieux FH. Structural and cellular changes during bone growth in healthy children. Bone. October 2000;27(4):487-494.
2000	Day JS, Ding M, Odgaard A, Sumner DR, Hvid I, Weinans H. Parallel plate model for trabecular bone exhibits volume fraction-dependent bias. Bone. November 2000;27(5):715-720.
2001	Robling AG, Duijvelaar KM, Geevers JV, Ohashi N, Turner CH. Modulation of appositional and longitudinal bone growth in the rat ulna by applied static and dynamic force. Bone. August 2001;29(2):105-113.
2001	Mashiba T, Turner CH, Hirano T, Forwood MR, Johnston CC, Burr DB. Effects of suppressed bone turnover by bisphosphonates on microdamage accumulation and biomechanical properties in clinically relevant skeletal sites in beagles. Bone. May 2001;28(5):524-531.
2001	Banse X, Devogelaer JP, Munting E, Delloye C, Cornu O, Grynpas M. Inhomogeneity of human vertebral cancellous bone: systematic density and structure patterns inside the vertebral body. Bone. 2001;28(5):563-571.
2001	Hernandez CJ, Beaupré GS, Keller TS, Carter DR. The influence of bone volume fraction and ash fraction on bone strength and modulus. Bone. July 2001;29(1):74-78.
2002	Parfitt AM. Targeted and nontargeted bone remodeling: relationship to basic multicellular unit origination and progression. Bone. January 2002;30(1):5-7.
2002	Rubin C, Turner AS, Mallinckrodt C, Jerome C, Mcleod K, Bain S. Mechanical strain, induced noninvasively in the high-frequency domain, is anabolic to cancellous bone, but not cortical bone. Bone. March 2002;30(3):445-452.
2002	Lee LL, Lee JSC, Waldman SD, Casper RF, Grynpas MD. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in cigarette smoke cause bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model. Bone. June 2002;30(6):917-923.
2002	Lee KCL, Maxwell A, Lanyon LE. Validation of a technique for studying functional adaptation of the mouse ulna in response to mechanical loading. Bone. September 2002;31(3):407-412.
2002	Eriksen E, Melsen F, Sod E, Barton I, Chines A. Effects of long-term risedronate on bone quality and bone turnover in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone. November 2002;31(5):620-625.
2003	Bobinac D, Spanjol J, Zoricic S, Maric I. Changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone histomorphometry in osteoarthritic knee joints in humans. Bone. March 2003;32(3):284-290.
2003	Ciarelli TE, Fyhrie DP, Parfitt AM. Effects of vertebral bone fragility and bone formation rate on the mineralization levels of cancellous bone from white females. Bone. March 2003;32(3):311-315.
2003	Ferguson VL, Ayers RA, Bateman TA, Simske SJ. Bone development and age-related bone loss in male C57BL/6J mice. Bone. March 2003;32(3):387-398.
2003	Srinivasan S, Agans SC, King KA, Moy NY, Poliachik SL, Gross TS. Enabling bone formation in the aged skeleton via rest-inserted mechanical loading. Bone. December 2003;33(6):946-955.
2004	Warden SJ, Turner CH. Mechanotransduction in the cortical bone is most efficient at loading frequencies of 5–10 hz. Bone. February 2004;34(2):261-270.
2004	Goss PE, Qia S, Josse RG, Pritzker KP., Mendes M, Hu H, Waldman SD, Grynpas MD. The steroidal aromatase inhibitor exemestane prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Bone. March 2004;34(3):384-392.
2004	Follet H, Boivin G, Rumelhart C, Meunier PJ. The degree of mineralization is a determinant of bone strength: a study on human calcanei. Bone. May 2004;34(5):783-789.
2004	Siu WS, Qin L, Cheung WH, Leung KS. A study of trabecular bones in ovariectomized goats with micro-computed tomography and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Bone. 2004;35(1):21-26.
2005	Keller H, Kneissel M. SOST is a target gene for PTH in bone. Bone. August 2005;37(2):148-158.
2006	Hayami T, Pickarski M, Zhuo Y, Wesolowski GA, Rodan GA, Duong LT. Characterization of articular cartilage and subchondral bone changes in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection and meniscectomized models of osteoarthritis. Bone. February 2006;38(2):234-243.
2006	Stauber M, Müller R. Volumetric spatial decomposition of trabecular bone into rods and plates: a new method for local bone morphometry. Bone. 2006;38(4):475-484.
2006	Allen MR, Iwata K, Phipps R, Burr DB. Alterations in canine vertebral bone turnover, microdamage accumulation, and biomechanical properties following 1-year treatment with clinical treatment doses of risedronate or alendronate. Bone. October 2006;39(4):872-879.
2006	Allen MR, Iwata K, Sato M, Burr DB. Raloxifene enhances vertebral mechanical properties independent of bone density. Bone. November 2006;39(5):1130-1135.
2007	Akhter MP, Lappe JM, Davies KM, Recker RR. Transmenopausal changes in the trabecular bone structure. Bone. July 2007;41(1):111-116.
2007	Diab T, Vashishth D. Morphology, localization and accumulation of in vivo microdamage in human cortical bone. Bone. March 2007;40(3):612-618.
2007	Perilli E, Baleani M, Öhman C, Baruffaldi F, Viceconti M. Structural parameters and mechanical strength of cancellous bone in the femoral head in osteoarthritis do not depend on age. Bone. November 2007;41(5):760-768.
2008	Chappard C, Marchadier A, Benhamou CL. Side-to-side and within-side variability of 3D bone microarchitecture by conventional micro-computed tomography of paired iliac crest biopsies. Bone. July 2008;43(1):203-208.
2008	Chen H, Zhou X, Washimi Y, Shoumura S. Three-dimensional microstructure of the bone in a hamster model of senile osteoporosis. Bone. September 2008;43(3):494-500.
2009	Liu XS, Zhang XH, Guo XE. Contributions of trabecular rods of various orientations in determining the elastic properties of human vertebral trabecular bone. Bone. August 2009;45(2):158-163.
2009	Voide R, Schneider P, Stauber M, Wyss P, Stampanoni M, Sennhauser U, van Lenthe GH, Müller R. Time-lapsed assessment of microcrack initiation and propagation in murine cortical bone at submicrometer resolution. Bone. August 2009;45(2):164-173.
2009	Tkachenko EV, Slyfield CR, Tomlinson RE, Daggett JR, Wilson DL, Hernandez CJ. Voxel size and measures of individual resorption cavities in three-dimensional images of cancellous bone. Bone. September 2009;45(3):487-492.
2009	Busse B, Hahn M, Soltau M, Zustin J, Püschel K, Duda GN, Amling M. Increased calcium content and inhomogeneity of mineralization render bone toughness in osteoporosis: mineralization, morphology and biomechanics of human single trabeculae. Bone. December 2009;45(6):1034-1043.
2010	Rubin MR, Dempster DW, Kohler T, Stauber M, Zhou H, Shane E, Nickolas T, Stein E, Sliney J Jr, Silverberg SJ, Bilezikian JP, Müller R. Three dimensional cancellous bone structure in hypoparathyroidism. Bone. January 2010;46(1):190-195.
2010	Doube M, Kłosowski MM, Arganda-Carreras I, Cordelières FP, Dougherty RP, Jackson JS, Schmid B, Hutchinson JR, Shefelbine SJ. BoneJ: free and extensible bone image analysis in ImageJ. Bone. December 2010;47(6):1076-1079.
2011	Schulte FA, Lambers FM, Kuhn G, Müller R. In vivo micro-computed tomography allows direct three-dimensional quantification of both bone formation and bone resorption parameters using time-lapsed imaging. Bone. March 2011;48(3):433-442.
2011	Schneider P, Meier M, Wepf R, Müller R. Serial FIB/SEM imaging for quantitative 3D assessment of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network. Bone. August 2011;49(2):304-311.
2011	Voide R, Schneider P, Stauber M, van Lenthe GH, Stampanoni M, Müller R. The importance of murine cortical bone microstructure for microcrack initiation and propagation. Bone. December 2011;49(6):1186-1193.
2011	Tjhia CK, Odvina CV, Rao DS, Stover SM, Wang X, Fyhrie DP. Mechanical property and tissue mineral density differences among severely suppressed bone turnover (SSBT) patients, osteoporotic patients, and normal subjects. Bone. December 2011;49(6):1279-1289.
2012	Tu X, Rhee Y, Condon KW, Bivi N, Allen MR, Dwyer D, Stolina M, Turner CH, Robling AG, Plotkin LI, Bellido T. Sost downregulation and local Wnt signaling are required for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading. Bone. January 2012;50(1):209-217.
2012	Marsell R, Sisask G, Nilsson Y, Sundgren-Andersson AK, Andersson U, Larsson S, Nilsson O, Ljunggren Ö, Jonsson KB. GSK-3 inhibition by an orally active small molecule increases bone mass in rats. Bone. March 2012;50(3):619-627.
2012	Goff MG, Slyfield CR, Kummari SR, Tkachenko EV, Fischer SE, Yi YH, Jekir MG, Keaveny TM, Hernandez CJ. Three-dimensional characterization of resorption cavity size and location in human vertebral trabecular bone. Bone. July 2012;51(1):28-37.
2013	Berkseth KE, Tebben PJ, Drake MT, Hefferan TE, Jewison DE, Wermers RA. Clinical spectrum of hypophosphatasia diagnosed in adults. Bone. May 2013;54(1):21-27.
2013	Willie BM, Birkhold AI, Razi H, Thiele T, Aido M, Kruck B, Schill A, Checa S, Main RP, Duda GN. Diminished response to in vivo mechanical loading in trabecular and not cortical bone in adulthood of female C57Bl/6 mice coincides with a reduction in deformation to load. Bone. August 2013;55(2):335-346.
2020	Thangavelu T, Silverman E, Akhter MP, Lyden E, Recker RR, Graeff-Armas LA. Trabecular bone score and transilial bone trabecular histomorphometry in type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. Bone. August 2020;137:115451.
2020	Seeman E. Time present and time past are both perhaps present in time future, and time future contained in time past — TSEliot, The Four Quartets. Bone. August 2020;137:115427.
2020	Novel-Catin E, Pelletier S, Fouque D, Roux J-P, Chapurlat R, D'Haese P, Behets G, Evenepoel P, Nickolas TL, Lafage-Proust M-H. Quantitative histomorphometric analysis of halved iliac crest bone biopsies yield comparable ROD diagnosis as full 7.5mm wide samples. Bone. September 2020;138:115460.
2021	Salam S, Gallagher O, Hughes D, Khwaja A, Eastell R. The role of static bone histomorphometry in diagnosing renal osteodystrophy. Bone. January 2021;142:115689.
2021	Mys K, Varga P, Stockmans F, Gueorguiev B, Wyers CE, van den Bergh JPW, van Lenthe GH. Quantification of 3D microstructural parameters of trabecular bone is affected by the analysis software. Bone. January 2021;142:115653.
2021	Siddiqui JA, Le Henaff C, Johnson J, He Z, Rifkin DB, Partridge NC. Osteoblastic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mediation of parathyroid hormone's anabolic actions in bone implicates TGF-β signaling. Bone. February 2021;143:115762.
2021	Hughes-Austin JM, Dwight KD, Ginsberg C, Tipps A, Salusky IB, Pereira RC, Ix JH. Regional variation in bone turnover at the iliac crest versus the greater trochanter. Bone. February 2021;143:115604.
2021	Wang L, Hou S, Sabsovich I, Guo T-Z, Wei T, Kingery WS. Mice lacking substance P have normal bone modeling but diminished bone formation, increased resorption, and accelerated osteopenia with aging. Bone. March 2021;144:115806.
2021	Lee S, Liu P, Ahmad M, Tuckermann JP. Leukemia inhibitory factor treatment attenuates the detrimental effects of glucocorticoids on bone in mice. Bone. April 2021;145:115843.
2021	Adanty K, Rabey KN, Doschak MR, Bhagavathula KB, Hogan JD, Romanyk DL, Adeeb S, Ouellet S, Plaisted TA, Satapathy SS, Dennison CR. Cortical and trabecular morphometric properties of the human calvarium. Bone. July 2021;148:115931.
2022	Bouchard AL, Dsouza C, Julien C, Rummler M, Gaumond M-H, Cermakian N, Willie BM. Bone adaptation to mechanical loading in mice is affected by circadian rhythms. Bone. January 2022;154:116218.
2022	Warner AJ, Hathaway-Schrader JD, Lubker R, Davies C, Novince CM. Tetracyclines and bone: unclear actions with potentially lasting effects. Bone. June 2022;159:116377.
2022	Young SAE, Rummler M, Taïeb HM, Garske DS, Ellinghaus A, Duda GN, Willie BM, Cipitria A. In vivo microCT-based time-lapse morphometry reveals anatomical site-specific differences in bone (re)modeling serving as baseline parameters to detect early pathological events. Bone. August 2022;161:116432.
1990	Kimmel DB, Recker RR, Gallagher JC, Vaswani AS, Aloia JF. A comparison of iliac bone histomorphometric data in post-menopausal osteoporotic and normal subjects. Bone Miner. November 1990;11(2):217-235.
1988	Parfitt AM. Bone histomorphometry: proposed system for standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units. Calcif Tiss Int. May 1988;42(5):284-286.
1991	Grynpas MD, Alpert B, Katz I, Lieberman I, Pritzker KPH. Subchondral bone in osteoarthritis. Calcif Tiss Int. January 1991;49(1):20-26.
1992	Ke HZ, Jee WSS, Mori S, Li XJ, Kimmel DB. Effects of long-term daily administration of prostaglandin-E₂ on maintaining elevated proximal tibial metaphyseal cancellous bone mass in male rats. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1992;50(3):245-252.
1995	Kamibayashi L, Wyss UP, Cooke TDV, Zee B. Changes in mean trabecular orientation in the medial condyle of the proximal tibia in osteoarthritis. Calcif Tiss Int. July 1995;57(1):69-73.
1996	Rüegsegger P, Koller B, Müller R. A microtomographic system for the nondestructive evaluation of bone architecture. Calcif Tiss Int. 1996;58(1):24-29.
1997	Uchiyama T, Tanizawa T, Muramatsu H, Endo N, Takahashi HE, Hara T. A morphometric comparison of trabecular structure of human ilium between microcomputed tomography and conventional histomorphometry. Calcif Tiss Int. December 1997;61(6):493-498.
2000	Kodama Y, Umemura Y, Nagasawa S, Beamer WG, Donahue LR, Rosen CR, Baylink DJ, Farley JR. Exercise and mechanical loading increase periosteal bone formation and whole bone strength in C57BL/6J mice but not in C3H/Hej mice. Calcif Tiss Int. April 2000;66(4):298-306.
2000	Akhter MP, Iwaniec UT, Covey MA, Cullen DM, Kimmel DB, Recker RR. Genetic variations in bone density, histomorphometry, and strength in mice. Calcif Tiss Int. October 2000;67(4):337-344.
2008	Allen MR, Reinwald S, Burr DB. Alendronate reduces bone toughness of ribs without significantly increasing microdamage accumulation in dogs following 3 years of daily treatment. Calcif Tiss Int. May 2008;82(5):354-360.
2008	Nazarian A, von Stechow D, Zurakowski D, Müller R, Snyder BD. Bone volume fraction explains the variation in strength and stiffness of cancellous bone affected by metastatic cancer and osteoporosis. Calcif Tiss Int. December 2008;83(6):368-379.
2000	Ducy P, Amling M, Takeda S, Priemel M, Schilling AF, Beil FT, Shen J, Vinson C, Rueger JM, Karsenty G. Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass. Cell. January 21, 2000;100(2):197-207.
2001	Gong Y, Slee RB, Fukai N, Rawadi G, Roman-Roman S, Reginato AM, Wang H, Cundy T, Glorieux FH, Lev D, Zacharin M, Oexle K, Marcelino J, Suwairi W, Heeger S, Sabatakos G, Apte S, Adkins WN, Allgrove J, Arslan-Kirchner M, Batch JA, Beighton P, Black GCM, Boles RG, Boon LM, Borrone C, Brunner HG, Carle GF, Dallapiccola B, De Paepe A, Floege B, Halfhide ML, Hall B, Hennekam RC, Hirose T, Jans A, Jüppner H, Kim CA, Keppler-Noreuil K, Kohlschuetter A, LaCombe D, Lambert M, Lemyre E, Letteboer T, Peltonen L, Ramesar RS, Romanengo M, Somer H, Steichen-Gersdorf E, Steinmann B, Sullivan B, Superti-Furga A, Swoboda W, van den Boogaard M-J, Van Hul W, Vikkula M, Votruba M, Zabel B, Garcia T, Baron R, Olsen BR, Warman ML. LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) affects bone accrual and eye development. Cell. November 16, 2001;107(4):513-523.
2002	Takeda S, Elefteriou F, Levasseur R, Liu X, Zhao L, Parker KL, Armstrong D, Ducy P, Karsenty G. Leptin regulates bone formation via the sympathetic nervous system. Cell. November 1, 2002;111(3):305-317.
2011	Tassani S, Particelli F, Perilli E, Traina F, Baruffaldi F, Viceconti M. Dependence of trabecular structure on bone quantity: a comparison between osteoarthritic and non-pathological bone. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). July 2011;26:632-639.
2011	Donnelly E. Methods for assessing bone quality: a review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. August 2011;469:2128-2138.
2011	Burghardt AJ, Link TM, Majumdar S. High-resolution computed tomography for clinical imaging of bone microarchitecture. Clin Orthop Relat Res. August 2011;469:2179-2193.
1997	Hildebrand T, Rüegsegger P. Quantification of bone microarchitecture with the structure model index. Comput Methods Prog Biomed. 1997;1(1):15-23.
2013	Nishiyama KK, Shane E. Clinical imaging of bone microarchitecture with HR-pQCT. Curr Osteoporos Rep. June 2013;11(2):147-155.
2005	Glass DA II, Bialek P, Ahn JD, Starbuck M, Patel MS, Clevers H, Taketo MM, Long F, McMahon AP, Lang RA, Karsenty G. Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation. Dev Cell. May 2005;8(5):751-764.
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2009	Slyfield CR Jr, Niemeyer KE., Tkachenko EV, Tomlinson RE, Steyer GG, Patthanacharoenphon CG, Kazakia GJ, Wilson DL, Hernandez CJ. Three-dimensional surface texture visualization of bone tissue through epifluorescence-based serial block face imaging. J Microsc (Oxford). October 2009;236(1):52-59.
1995	Mullender MG, Huiskes R. Proposal for the regulatory mechanism of Wolff's law. J Orthop Res. July 1995;13(4):503-512.
1996	Mullender MG, Huiskes R, Versleyen H, Buma P. Osteocyte density and histomorphometric parameters in cancellous bone of the proximal femur in five mammalian species. J Orthop Res. November 1996;14(6):972-979.
2002	Hsieh Y-F, Silva MJ. In vivo fatigue loading of the rat ulna induces both bone formation and resorption and leads to time-related changes in bone mechanical properties and density. J Orthop Res. July 2002;20(4):764-771.
2007	Garman R, Gaudette G, Donahue L-R, Rubin C, Judex S. Low-level accelerations applied in the absence of weight bearing can enhance trabecular bone formation. J Orthop Res. June 2007;25(6):732-740.
2023	Pienkowski D, Wood CL, Malluche HH. Trabecular bone microcrack accumulation in patients treated with bisphosphonates for durations up to 16 years. J Orthop Res. May 2023;41(5):1033-1039.
2006	Moe S, Drüeke T, Cunningham J, Goodman W, Martin K, Olgaard K, Ott S, Sprague S, Lameire N, Eknoyan G. Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int. June 1, 2006;69(11):1945-1953.
2017	Bini G, Bini F, Bedini R, Marinozzi A, Marinozzi F. A topological look at human trabecular bone tissue. Math Biosci. June 2017;288:159-165.
2010	Nogueira LP, Braz D, Barroso RC, Oliveira LF, Pinheiro CJG, Dreossi D, Tromba G. 3D histomorphometric quantification of trabecular bones by computed microtomography using synchrotron radiation. Micron. 2010;41(8):990-996.
2010	Kramer I, Halleux C, Keller H, Pegurri M, Gooi JH, Weber PB, Feng JQ, Bonewald LF, Kneissel M. Osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for normal bone homeostasis. Mol Cell Biol. June 15, 2010;30(12):3071-3085.
2011	Xiong J, Onal M, Jilka RL, Weinstein RS, Manolagas SC, O'Brien CA. Matrix-embedded cells control osteoclast formation. Nat Med. November 2011;17(10):1235-1242.
1999	Majumdar S, Link TM, Augat P, Lin JC, Newitt D, Lan NE, Genant HK. Trabecular bone architecture in the distal radius using magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with fractures of the proximal femur. Osteoporos Int. 1999;10(3):231-239.
1999	Cendre E, Mitton D, Roux J-P, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, Burt-Pichat B, Rumelhart C, Peix G, Meunier PJ. High-resolution computed tomography for architectural characterization of human lumbar cancellous bone: relationships with histomorphometry and biomechanics. Osteoporos Int. 1999;10(5):353-360.
2001	Laib A, Kumer JL, Majumdar S, Lane NE. The temporal changes of trabecular architecture in ovariectomized rats assessed by MicroCT. Osteoporos Int. November 2001;12(11):936-941.
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2013	Schulte FA, Ruffoni D, Lambers FM, Christen D, Webster DJ, Kuhn G, Müller R. Local mechanical stimuli regulate bone formation and resorption in mice at the tissue level. PLoS One. April 2013;8(4):e62172.
2011	Doube M, Kłosowski MM, Wiktorowicz-Conroy AM, Hutchinson JR, Shefelbine SJ. Trabecular bone scales allometrically in mammals and birds. Proc R Soc B. October 22, 2011;278(1721):3067-3073.
1998	Wehrli FW, Hwang SN, Ma J, Song HK, Ford JC, Haddad JG. Cancellous bone volume and structure in the forearm: noninvasive assessment with MR microimaging and image processing. Radiology. February 1998;206(2):347-357.
2002	Vahle JL, Sato M, Long GG, Young JK, Francis PC, Engelhardt JA, Westmore MS, Ma YL, Nold JB. Skeletal changes in rats given daily subcutaneous injections of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) for 2 years and relevance to human safety. Toxicol Pathol. May 1, 2002;30(3):312-321.
2006	Poole KES. The Effects of Stroke on the Skeleton [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge; 2006.
2009	Slyfield CR Jr. Automated Sub-Micron Resolution Serial Block Face Imaging of Cancellous Bone Using Epifluorescence Microscopy [Master's thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; January 2009.
2011	Kummari SR. Experimental and Computational Evaluation of Microscopic Tissue Damage and Remodeling Cavities in Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; May 2011.
2011	Tkachenko E. Measures of Individual Resorption Cavities in Three-Dimensional Images in Cancellous Bone [Master's thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; May 2011.
2007	Yuan Y. The Differential Effects of Two Critical Osteoclastogenesis Stimulating Factors on Bone Biomechanics [PhD thesis]. Clemson, SC: Clemson University; May 2007.
2008	Bandstra ER. The Spaceflight Environment and the Skeletal System [PhD thesis]. Clemson, SC: Clemson University; August 2008.
2008	Willey JS. Radiation-Induced Osteoporosis: Bone Quantity, Architecture, and Increased Resorption Following Exposure to Ionizing Radiation [PhD thesis]. Clemson, SC: Clemson University; May 2008.
1998	Bateman TA. Cytokine Therapies for Short-Term Disuse Osteopenia Models in Murines [PhD thesis]. University of Colorado; 1998.
1999	Ayers RA. The Interaction Between Bone and Porous Biomaterials in Rabbit and Human Craniomaxillofacial Bone [PhD thesis]. University of Colorado; 1999.
1998	Kawcak CE. Effects of Loading on Subchondral Bone of the Equine Carpal and Metacarpophalangeal Joints [PhD thesis]. Colorado State University; 1998.
2012	Webb BT. Persistent Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in the Bovine Fetus: Morphogenesis of Skeletal Lesions and Innate Immune Response [PhD thesis]. Colorado State University; 2012.
2018	Seek TW. Exploration of Unique Porous Bone Materials for Candidacy in Bioinspired Material Design [Master's thesis]. Colorado State University; Spring 2018.
2007	Liu XS. High-Resolution Image Based Micro-Mechanical Modeling of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2007.
2010	Zhang XH. High Resolution Imaging Based Patient Specific Biomechanical Assessment of Bone Quality [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2010.
2006	Fritton JC. Mechanical Loading Induced Adaptation of the Mouse Tibia [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; January 2006.
2010	Lynch ME. Cancellous Bone Adaptation to Non-Invasive Mechanical Loading in the Murine Tibia [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; August 2010.
2012	Slyfield CR Jr. The Biomechanics of Bone Turnover [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; January 2012.
2015	Goff M. The Role of Micro and Ultra-Structure in Microdamage Accumulation in Cancellous Bone [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; August 2015.
2017	Cresswell EN. Spatial Regulation of Bone Formation in Functional Adaptation of Cancellous Bone [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; May 2017.
2021	Sacher S. Characterization of Trabecular Morphology, Microdamage Accumulation, and Collagen Crosslinking in Bone Tissue from Individuals With Type II Diabetes Mellitus [Master's thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; May 2021.
2020	Josephson TO. A Microstructural Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of Cortical Bone Through Histology and Image Processing [Master's thesis]. Drexel University; June 2020.
2011	Donaldson FE. On Incorporating Bone Microstructure in Macro-Finite-Element Models [PhD thesis]. Edinburgh, UK: University of Edinburgh; March 2011.
2005	Day JS. Bone Quality: The Mechanical Effects of Microarchitecture and Matrix Properties [PhD thesis]. Erasmus University Rotterdam; 2005.
2005	Stauber M. Volumetric Spatial Decomposition of Porous Microstructures: A Framework for Element Based Analysis of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2005.
2007	Kohler T. A Service-Oriented Platform for Visualization and High-Throughput Structural Characterization in Bone Phenomics [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2007.
2007	Schneider P. Ultrastructural Phenotyping of Murine Bone Using Synchrotron Micro- and Nano-Computed Tomography [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2007.
2007	Voide R. Functional Phenotyping of Bone: A Hierarchical Assessment of Bone Failure Characteristics [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2007.
2008	Nazarian A. Relative Interaction of Material and Structure in Normal and Pathologic Bone [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2008.
2008	Stok K. Biological Quantification of Murine Osteoarticular Joints Following Treatment Using Stem Cell-Based Gene Therapy [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2008.
2007	Devlin MJ. Interactions of Estrogen, Strain, and Bone Growth: Implications for Human Skeletal Robusticity [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; September 2007.
2002	Follet H. Caractérisation Biomécanique Et Modélisation 3D Par Imagerie X Et IRM Haute Résolution De L’os Spongieux Humain: Evaluation Du Risque Fracturaire [PhD thesis]. Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon); 2002.
2015	Newman CL. Assessing and Modifying Bone Quality in Chronic Kidney Disease [PhD thesis]. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University; May 2015.
2017	Sato AY. Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis and Mechanisms of Intervention [PhD thesis]. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University; March 2017.
2019	Lindsey RC. Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Development and Metabolism [PhD thesis]. Loma Linda University; May 2019.
2014	Jameson JR. Characterization of Bone Material Properties and Microstructure in Osteogenesis Imperfecta/brittle Bone Disease [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; December 2014.
2013	Wong AKO. A Tri-Modality Comparison of Volumetric Bone Measure Quantification Using 1.0 Tesla Peripheral Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Highresolution-Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Images [PhD thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; October 2013.
1998	Robling AG. Histomorphometric Assessment of Mechanical Loading History from Human Skeletal Remains: The Relation Between Micromorphology and Macromorphology At the Femoral Midshaft [PhD thesis]. University of Missouri; December 1998.
2007	Wagner EB. Musculoskeletal Adaptation to Partial Weight Suspension: Studies of Lunar and Mars Loading [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; September 2007.
2007	Woo AA. Androgen Receptor Signaling: Targeted Androgen Receptor Overexpression in Osteoblasts [Master's thesis]. Mount Sinai School of Medicine; 2007.
2008	Price C. Systems Based Approaches to Identifying How Genetically Varying Skeletal Growth Affects Skeletal Functionality and Fragility [PhD thesis]. Mount Sinai School of Medicine; 2008.
2024	Taylor JT. Implementation of Novel Deep Learning Algorithms for the High-Resolution Study of the Lacuno-Canalicular Network from Individuals With a Documented History of Chronic Opioid Use [Master's thesis]. St. John's, NL: Memorial University of Newfoundland; October 2024.
2005	Espinoza Orias AA. The Relationship Between the Mechanical Anisotropy of Human Cortical Bone Tissue and Its Microstructure [PhD thesis]. University of Notre Dame; April 2005.
2015	Coughlin TR. Mechanobiological Signals in Trabecular Bone and Marrow [PhD thesis]. University of Notre Dame; July 2015.
2016	Hunckler MD. Investigation of a Rabbit Ulnar Loading Model for Atypical Fractures in Cortical Bone During Long-Term Bisphosphonate Treatment [Master's thesis]. University of Notre Dame; December 2016.
1992	Bloomfield SA. Site-Specific Changes in Bone Mass and Alterations in Calciotropic Hormones With Electrical Stimulation Exercise in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 1992.
2005	Pitner ND. Evaluation of the Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5 (lrp5) in Regulating Bone Mass [PhD thesis]. Purdue University; December 2005.
2011	Ahmed F. Multiscale Quantitative Imaging of Human Femoral Heads Using X-Ray Microtomography [PhD thesis]. Queen Mary University of London; 2011.
2005	Buie HR. Use of Finite Element Method Modelling and Rapid Prototyping to Study the Effect of Trabecular Bone Architecture on Apparent Mechanical Properties [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; November 2005.
2006	Diab T. The Role of Damage Morphology in Age-Related Increase in Bone Fragility [PhD thesis]. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; 2006.
2010	Janeiro C. The Effect of Bone Quality on Osteoclastic Bone Resorption [PhD thesis]. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; May 2010.
2010	Liu S. Development and Initial Testing of a Rat Model for Particle-Induced Impaired Implant Fixation [PhD thesis]. Rush University; 2010.
2018	Metcalf LM. HR-PQCT Scanning of the Human Calcaneus: Early Development and Validation of Assessment of Calcaneal Trabecular Microstructure [PhD thesis]. University of Sheffield; March 2018.
2018	Samvelyan H. The Effect of Timing of Feeding on Bone's Adaptive Response to Mechanical Loading [PhD thesis]. University of Sheffield; March 2018.
2009	Temiyasathit S. Investigating the Role of Primary Cilia in Mechanotransduction in Bone [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; September 2009.
2005	Chung S. Bone Image Analysis: Quantifying Topological Change in Bone Under Uniform Erosion [PhD thesis]. Stony Brook, NY: Stony Brook University; December 2005.
2005	Squire ME. Bone’s Response to Unloading, as Defined by Altered Gene Expression, Cellular Activity, and Architecture, is Modulated by Genetics and Gender [PhD thesis]. Stony Brook, NY: Stony Brook University; August 2005.
2006	Garman RA. Low-Level Accelerations Applied in the Absence of Weight Bearing Can Alter Cellular Activity and Tissue Morphology in the Skeleton [PhD thesis]. Stony Brook, NY: Stony Brook University; May 2006.
2003	Allen MR. Mechanisms of Impaired Osteoblast Function During Disuse [PhD thesis]. Texas A&M University; August 2003.
2008	Kennedy OD. The Effect of Bone Turnover on Bone Quality and Material Properties [PhD thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; 2008.
2005	Ruimerman R. Modeling and Remodeling in Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. Eindhoven University of Technology; 2005.
1994	Oden ZM. Computational Prediction of Functional Adaptation in Canine Radii [PhD thesis]. Tulane University; 1994.
2009	Varga P. Prediction of Distal Radius Fracture Load Using HR-PQCT-Based Finite Element Analysis [PhD thesis]. Vienna University of Technology; December 2009.
2022	Davis RA. Investigating the Effects of Aging and Prolonged Opioid Use on Bone Histomorphometry, Quality, and Biomechanics [PhD thesis]. University of Akron; August 2022.
2005	Ashe MC. Upper Limb Bone Health: Cadaveric, Imaging and Clinical Studies With Special Emphasis on Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; April 2005.
2014	Colombo A. La micro-architecture de l’os trabéculaire en croissance: Variabilité tridimensionnelle normale et pathologique analysée par microtomodensitométrie [PhD thesis]. Université de Bordeaux; December 15, 2014.
1999	Judex S. The Effect of Exercise-Induced Mechanical Stimuli on Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; 1999.
2001	Boyd SK. Microstructural Bone Adaptation in an Experimental Model of Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; January 2001.
2003	Pardy CK. The Effects of Doxycycline on the Mechanical and Morphometric Properties of Early and Established Osteoarthritic Bone in a Canine Model Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; October 2003.
2004	LaMothe JM. Functional Adaptation of Bone [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; September 2004.
2005	Cooper DML. 3D Micro-CT Imaging of Human Cortical Bone Porosity: A Novel Method for Estimating Age At Death [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 2005.
2010	Manske SL. Muscle Disuse and Vibration Effects on Bone Morphology [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 2010.
2020	Plett RM. Enhanced Longitudinal Analysis of Bone Strength Estimated by 3D Bone Imaging and the Finite Element Method [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; October 2020.
2021	Besler BAA. Bone as an Orientable, Smooth Surface: Distance Transforms, Morphometry, and Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 2021.
2021	Kemp TD. An Inverse Interface Evolution Problem to Identify Participant-Specific Bone Microarchitecture Adaptation [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; May 2021.
2002	Morgan EF-i. The Dependence on Anatomic Site of Trabecular Bone Structure-Function Relationships [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 2002.
2003	Fox JC. Biomechanics of the Proximal Femur: Role of Bone Distribution and Architecture [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 2003.
2004	Castillo AB. The Female Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo) as an in Vivo Model for Skeletal Research [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2004.
2012	Tjhia CKH. Bone Quality of Patients With Atypical Fractures and Severely Suppressed Bone Turnover [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2012.
2021	Shaffer SK. High-Speed Exercise and Fetlock Kinematics Affect the Development of Stress-Reactions in Racehorse Proximal Sesamoid Bones [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2021.
2019	Jung J-Y. Learning from Nature: An Investigation of an Impact-Resistant System on the Woodpecker Head as a Non-Traumatic Brain Injury Animal Model [PhD thesis]. San Siego, CA: University of California San Diego; 2019.
2017	Nguyen J. TGFΒ Signaling in Load-Induced Bone Formation [PhD thesis]. San Francisco, University of California; 2017.
2014	Gangadharan V. Delineating the Cellular Mechanism of Osteoblast Desensitization to Mechanical Stimulation [PhD thesis]. University of Delaware; 2014.
2012	Bassit ACF. Role of IGF-I as a Potential Mediator for the Skeletal Effects of Bone Anabolic Agents [PhD thesis]. University of Florida; August 2012.
2016	Kloefkorn HE. Examining the Nexus Amongst Joint Degeneration, Disability, and Chronic Pain Using a Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Knee Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. University of Florida; August 2016.
2016	Chen C. Mechanical and Micro-Structural Modeling of Trabecular Bone by in Vivo Imaging [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; December 2016.
2007	Ruffoni D. Modeling of Material and Architectural Quality of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Liège, Belgique: Université de Liège; September 2007.
2023	Fuller LH. Structure-Function Relationships of Bighorn Sheep Horncore Bone and Horn-Horncore Interface Materials for Energy Absorption Applications [PhD thesis]. University of Massachusetts at Amherst; February 2023.
1993	Goulet RW. The Quantification of the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1993.
1993	McCubbrey DA. The Macroscopic Architectural Properties of Vertebral Trabecular Bone and Their Relation to Whole Vertebral Failure Loads [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1993.
1995	Tseng K-F. Investigating the Structure-Function Relationships of Long Bone: An Approach Using Growth Hormone Mouse Models [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1995.
2007	Wallace JM III. Investigating the Inbred Strain-Specific Response to Biglycan-Deficiency and Exercise: A Study in Genetically-Mediated Skeletal Adaptation [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2007.
2010	Soves CP. The Potential Role of Megakaryocytes in Mechanically Mediated Bone Adaptation [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2010.
2014	Sinder BP. Sclerostin Antibody as a Treatment for Osteogenesis Imperfecta [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2014.
2021	Romanowicz GE. The Role of Collagen Cross-Linking in Craniofacial and Long Bone Mineralization and Healing [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2021.
2009	Guo D. Identification and Characterization of Osteocyte-Selective Proteins [PhD thesis]. University of Missouri–Kansas City; 2009.
2019	Küsters NV. Auswirkungen des Alters und der Knochenmikroarchitektur auf die trabekuläre Knochenmineralisationsdichteverteilung: Eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Studie an 152 humanen Beckenkammbiopsien [PhD thesis]. Hamburg, Germany: Universität Hamburg; 2019.
2019	Spingarn C. Contribution à la biomécanique de la régénération osseuse: Modélisation, simulation et applications [PhD thesis]. Strasbourg, France: Université de Strasbourg; June 11, 2019.
2003	Rüberg T. Computer Simulation of Adaptive Bone Remodeling [Master's thesis]. Universidad de Zaragoza; 2003.
2017	de Bakker CMJ. Structural Adaptations of the Maternal Skeleton in Response to Reproduction and Lactation [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2017.
2021	Tseng W-J. Structural and Mechanical Responses to Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Treatment, Discontinuation and Cyclic Administration Regimens [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2021.
2020	Belda González R. Mechanical and Morphometric Characterization of Cancellous Bone [PhD thesis]. Universität Politècnica de València; March 2020.
2013	Pratt I. In Vivo Imaging of Cortical Porosity by Synchrotron Phase Contrast Micro Computed Tomography [Master's thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; August 2013.
2016	McDonald MP. Predicting Distal Radius Failure Load During a Fall Using Mechanical Testing and Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography [Master's thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; December 2016.
1993	Boyce TM. Aging Changes Within the Human Femoral Neck Cortex [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; August 1993.
2016	Andronowski JM. Evaluating Differential Nuclear DNA Yield Rates Among Human Bone Tissue Types: A Synchrotron Micro-CT Approach [PhD thesis]. Knoxville, University of Tennessee; May 2016.
2010	Kyle KA. Differential Effects of PPAR-Γ Activation Vs. Chemical or Genetic Reduction of DPP-4 Activity on Murine Bone Quality [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2010.
2010	Magalhaes JKRS. The Role of Rac1 and Rac2 in Determining Bone Quality in Aged and Osteoporotic Female Mouse Models [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2010.
2010	Sardone LD. The Effect of Rosiglitazone on Bone Quality in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance and Osteoporosis [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2010.
2010	Thang HHM. The in Vivo Effects of Rac1 and Rac2 on Bone Quality and Aging [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2010.
2013	Liu CC. Effects of a New Conjugate Drug in a Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2013.
2015	Ng AH-M. A Mouse Model of Adynamic Bone Disease (ABD) and Its Consequences on Bone Quality With Age [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2015.
2018	Zhang L. Effects of Osteoblast-Specific Gα_S Overexpression on Skeletal Development and Response to Catabolic and Anabolic Stimuli Using a Transgenic Mouse Model [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2018.
2013	Mostafa AJ. The Effect of Advadvanced Glycation Endproducts (AGES) on Bone Formation [Master's thesis]. San Antionio, TX: University of Texas at San Antonio; August 2013.
2019	Knowles NK. Improving Material Mapping in Glenohumeral Finite Element Models: A Multi-Level Evaluation [PhD thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2019.
2007	Christiansen BA. Vibrational Stimulation of Bone Formation in Mice [PhD thesis]. St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis; December 2007.
1998	Yeni YN. Fracture Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone: The Relationship of Geometry, Microstructure and Composition With the Fracture of the Tibia, Femoral Shaft and the Femoral Neck [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1998.
2001	Brown CU. Time-Dependent Circumferential Deformation of Cortical Bone Subjected to Internal Radial Loading [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 2001.
2003	Smith MS. Bone Fracture Toughness of Estrogen Deficient Rabbits [Master's thesis]. West Virginia University; 2003.
2004	Porter DS. Smoking and Dose-Dependent Early Effects of Nicotine on Bone Mechanical Properties and Histology [Master's thesis]. West Virginia University; 2004.

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1978	Singh I. The architecture of cancellous bone. J Anat. October 1978;127(2):305-310.
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1984	Keshawarz NM, Recker RR. Expansion of the medullary cavity at the expense of cortex in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res. 1984;5(5):223-228.
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1987	Compston JE, Mellish RWE, Garrahan NJ. Age-related changes in iliac crest trabecular microanatomic bone structure in man. Bone. 1987;8(5):289-292.
1983	Parfitt AM. The physiologic and clinical significance of bone histomorphometric data. In: Recker RR, ed. Bone Histomorphometry: Techniques and Interpretation. Boca Raton, FL: Inc., CRC Press; 1983:143-223.
1986	Eriksen EF. Normal and pathological remodeling of human trabecular bone: three dimensional reconstruction of the remodeling sequence in normals and in metabolic bone disease. Endocr Rev. November 1986;7(4):379-408.
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