The Macroscopic Architectural Properties of Vertebral Trabecular Bone and Their Relation to Whole Vertebral Failure Loads

Year	Entry
1990	Mosekilde L, Mosekilde L. Sex differences in age-related changes in vertebral body size, density and biomechanical competence in normal individuals. Bone. 1990;11(2):67-73.
1983	Parfitt AM, Mathews CH, Villanueva AR, Kleerekoper M, Frame B, Rao DS. Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis: implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss. J Clin Invest. October 1983;72(4):1396-1409.
1985	Cann CE, Genant HK, Kolb FO, Ettinger B. Quantitative computed tomography for prediction of vertebral fracture risk. Bone. 1985;6(1):1-7.
1979	Parfitt AM. Quantum concept of bone remodeling and turnover: implications for the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Calcif Tiss Int. 1979;28(1):1-5.
1988	Wronski TJ, Cintron M, Doherty AL, Dann LM. Estrogen treatment prevents osteopenia and depresses bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology. August 1988;123(2):681-686.
1982	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Seeman E, Offord KP, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Johnson KA, Melton LJ III. Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging: differences between the postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis syndromes. J Clin Invest. October 1982;70(4):716-723.
1989	Eriksson SAV, Isberg BO, Lindgren JU. Prediction of vertebral strength by dual photon absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Calcif Tiss Int. April 1989;44(4):243-250.
1993	Flynn MJ, Cody DD. The assessment of vertebral bone macroarchitecture with x-ray computed tomography. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S170-S175.
1981	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Offord KP, Melton LJ III. Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging: relationship to spinal osteoporosis. J Clin Invest. February 1981;67(2):328-335.
1990	Kuhn JL, Goldstein SA, Feldkamp LA, Goulet RW, Jesion G. Evaluation of a microcomputed tomography system to study trabecular bone structure. J Orthop Res. 1990;8(6):833-842.
1985	Gibson LJ. The mechanical behaviour of cancellous bone. J Biomech. 1985;18(5):317-328.
1979	Hakim NS, King AI. A three dimensional finite element dynamic response analysis of a vertebra with experimental verification. J Biomech. 1979;12(4):277-292.
1985	Kleerekoper M, Villanueva AR, Stanciu J, Rao DS, Parfitt AM. The role of three-dimensional trabecular microstructure in the pathogenesis of vertebral compression fractures. Calcif Tiss Int. 1985;37(6):594-597.
1994	Goulet RW, Goldstein SA, Ciarelli MJ, Kuhn JL, Brown MB, Feldkamp LA. The relationship between the structural and orthogonal compressive properties of trabecular bone. J Biomech. April 1994;27(4):375-389.
1990	Turner CH, Cowin SC, Rho JY, Ashman RB, Rice JC. The fabric dependence of the orthotropic elastic constants of cancellous bone. J Biomech. 1990;23(6):549-561.
1991	Cody DD, Goldstein SA, Flynn MJ, Brown EB. Correlations between vertebral regional bone mineral density (rBMD) and whole bone fracture load. Spine. 1991;16(2):146-154.
1993	Goulet RW. The Quantification of the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1993.
1986	Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Involutional osteoporosis. NEJM. June 26, 1986;314(26):1676-1686.
1973	Pugh JW, Rose RM, Radin EL. Elastic and viscoelastic properties of trabecular bone: dependence on structure. J Biomech. 1973;6(5):475-485.
1974	Whitehouse WJ. The quantitative morphology of anisotropic trabecular bone. J Microsc (Oxford). July 1974;101:153-168.
1989	Kuhn JL, Goldstein SA, Choi K, London M, Feldkamp LA, Matthews LS. Comparison of the trabecular and cortical tissue moduli from human iliac crests. J Orthop Res. November 1989;7(6):876-884.
1988	Lang SM, Moyle DD, Berg EW, Detorie N, Gilpin AT, Pappas NJ Jr, Reynolds JC, Tkacik M, Waldron RL II. Correlation of mechanical properties of vertebral trabecular bone with equivalent mineral density as measured by computed tomography. J Bone Joint Surg. December 1988;70A(10):1531-1538.
1990	Eriksen EF, Hodgson SF, Eastell R, Cedel SL, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Cancellous bone remodeling in type I (postmenopausal) osteoporosis: quantitative assessment of rates of formation, resorption, and bone loss at tissue and cellular levels. J Bone Miner Res. April 1990;5(4):311-319.
1991	Faulkner KG, Cann CE, Hasegawa BH. Effect of bone distribution on vertebral strength: assessment with patient-specific nonlinear finite element analysis. Radiology. June 1991;179(3):669-674.
1991	Ciarelli MJ, Goldstein SA, Kuhn JL, Cody DD, Brown MB. Evaluation of orthogonal mechanical properties and density of human trabecular bone from the major metaphyseal regions with materials testing and computed tomography. J Orthop Res. May 1991;9(5):674-682.
1988	Parfitt AM. Bone remodeling: relationship to the amount and structure of bone, and the pathogenesis and prevention of fractures. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, eds. Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988:45-93.
1975	Raux P, Townsend PR, Miegel R, Rose RM, Radin EL. Trabecular architecture of the human patella. J Biomech. 1975;8(1):1-7.
1989	Mosekilde L. Sex differences in age-related loss of vertebral trabecular bone mass and structure—biomechanical consequences. Bone. 1989;10(6):425-432.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. The compressive behavior of bone as a two-phase porous structure. J Bone Joint Surg. 1977;59A(7):954-962.
1987	Linde F, Hvid I. Stiffness behaviour of trabecular bone specimens. J Biomech. 1987;20(1):83-89.
1991	Kalu DN. The ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal bone loss. Bone Miner. December 1991;15(3):175-191.
1989	Brinckmann P, Biggemann M, Hilweg D. Prediction of the compressive strength of human lumbar vertebrae. Spine. June 1989;14(6):606-610.
1988	Rice JC, Cowin SC, Bowman JA. On the dependence of the elasticity and strength of cancellous bone on apparent density. J Biomech. 1988;21(2):155-168.
1985	McBroom RJ, Hayes WC, Edwards WT, Goldberg RP, White AA III. Prediction of vertebral body compressive fracture using quantitative computed tomography. J Bone Joint Surg. 1985;67A(8):1206-1214.
1990	Choi K, Kuhn JL, Ciarelli MJ, Goldstein SA. The elastic moduli of human subchondral, trabecular, and cortical bone tissue and the size-dependency of cortical bone modulus. J Biomech. 1990;23(11):1103-1113.
1983	Goldstein SA, Wilson DL, Sonstegard DA, Matthews LS. The mechanical properties of human tibial trabecular bone as a function of metaphyseal location. J Biomech. 1983;16(12):965-969.
1992	Choi K, Goldstein SA. A comparison of the fatigue behavior of human trabecular and cortical bone tissue. J Biomech. 1992;25(12):1371-1381.
1985	Wronski TJ, Lowry PL, Walsh CC, Ignaszewski LA. Skeletal alterations in ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tiss Int. May 1985;37(3):324-328.
1987	Parfitt AM, Drezner MK, Glorieux FH, Kanis JA, Malluche H, Meunier PJ, Ott SM, Recker RR. Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units: report of the ASBMR histomorphometry nomenclature committee. J Bone Miner Res. December 1987;2(6):595-610.
1987	Goldstein SA. The mechanical properties of trabecular bone: dependence on anatomic location and function. J Biomech. 1987;20(11-12):1055-1061.
1990	Mosekilde L. Consequences of the remodelling process for vertebral trabecular bone structure: a scanning electron microscopy study (uncoupling of unloaded structures). Bone Miner. July 1990;10(1):13-35.
1980	Hansson T, Roos B, Nachemson A. The bone mineral content and ultimate compressive strength of lumbar vertebrae. Spine. January–February 1980;5(1):46-55.
1989	Vesterby A, Gundersen H, Melsen F. Star volume of marrow space and trabeculae of the first lumbar vertebra: sampling efficiency and biological variation. Bone. 1989;10(1):7-13.
1966	Bartley MH Jr, Arnold JS, Haslam RK, Jee SS Webster. The relationship of bone strength and bone quantity in health, disease and aging. J Gerontol. 1966;21(4):517-521.
1988	Smeathers JE, Joanes DN. Dynamic compressive properties of human lumbar intervertebral joints: a comparison between fresh and thawed specimens. J Biomech. 1988;21(5):425-433.
1989	Wronski TJ, Dann LM, Horner SL. Time course of vertebral osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. Bone. 1989;10(4):295-301.
1984	Shirazi-Adl SA, Shrivastava SC, Ahmed A. Stress analysis of the lumbar disc-body unit in compression: a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element study. Spine. March 1984;9(2):120-134.
1970	Galante J, Rostoker W, Ray RD. Physical properties of trabecular bone. Calcif Tiss Res. 1970;5(1):236-246.
1989	Feldkamp LA, Goldstein SA, Parfitt MA, Jesion G, Kleerekoper M. The direct examination of three‐dimensional bone architecture in vitro by computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res. 1989;4(1):3-11.
1970	Underwood EE. Quantitative Stereology. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1970.
1975	Townsend PR, Raux P, Rose RM, Miegel RE, Radin EL. The distribution and anisotropy of the stiffness of cancellous bone in the human patella. J Biomech. 1975;8(6):363-367.
1987	Hansson TH, Keller TS, Spengler DM. Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar spine, II: fatigue strength during dynamic compressive loading. J Orthop Res. 1987;5(4):479-487.
1986	Eriksen EF. Normal and pathological remodeling of human trabecular bone: three dimensional reconstruction of the remodeling sequence in normals and in metabolic bone disease. Endocr Rev. November 1986;7(4):379-408.
1993	Odgaard A, Gundersen HJG. Quantification of connectivity in cancellous bone, with special emphasis on 3-D reconstructions. Bone. March–April 1993;14(2):173-182.
1990	Odgaard A, Jensen EB, Gundersen HJG. Estimation of structural anisotropy based on volume orientation: a new concept. J Microsc (Oxford). February 1990;157(pt 2):149-162.
1969	Rockoff SD, Sweet E, Bleustein J. The relative contribution of trabecular and cortical bone to the strength of human lumbar vertebrae. Calcif Tiss Res. December 1969;3(1):163-175.
1983	Schultz A, Haderspeck K, Warwick D, Portillo D. Use of lumbar trunk muscles in isometric performance of mechanically complex standing tasks. J Orthop Res. 1983;1(1):77-91.
1987	Turner RT, Vandersteenhoven JJ, Bell NH. The effects of ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol on cortical bone histomorphometry in growing rats. J Bone Miner Res. 1987;2(2):115-122.
1985	Cummings SR, Kelsey JL, Nevitt MC, O'Dowd KJ. Epidemiology of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Epidemiol Rev. 1985;7:178-208.
1983	Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Evidence for two distinct syndromes of involutional osteoporosis. Am J Med. December 1983;75(6):899-901.
1978	Lips P, Courpron P, Meunier PJ. Mean wall thickness of trabecular bone packets in the human iliac crest: changes with age. Calcif Tiss Res. 1978;26(1):13-17.
1986	Wronski TJ, Walsh CC, Ignaszewski LA. Histologic evidence for osteopenia and increased bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. Bone. 1986;7(2):119-123.
1991	Vesterby A, Mosekilde L, Gundersen HJG, Melsen F, Mosekilde L, Holme K, Sørensen S. Biologically meaningful determinants of the in vitro strength of lumbar vertebrae. Bone. 1991;12(3):219-224.
1983	Kragstrup J, Melsen F, Mosekilde L. Thickness of lamellae in normal human iliac trabecular bone. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res. 1983;4(5):291-295.
1988	Biggemann M, Hilweg D, Brinckmann P. Prediction of the compressive strength of vertebral bodies of the lumbar spine by quantitative computed tomography. Skeletal Radiol. June 1988;17(4):264-269.