Mechanical properties and composition of cortical bone

Carter, Dennis R.; Spengler, Dan M.

Year	Entry
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1986	Frost HM. Intermediary Organization of the Skeleton. Vols. 1-2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1986.
2001	Guo XE. Mechanical properties of cortical and cancellous bone tissue. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:10-1–10-23.
1990	Cowin SC. Properties of cortical bone and theory of bone remodeling. In: Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Woo SL-Y, eds. Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints. Vol 2. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:119-153.
1998	Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA. Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1998.
2012	Forman JL, Kent RW, Mroz K, Pipkorn B, Bostrom O, Segui-Gomez M. Predicting rib fracture risk with whole-body finite element models: development and preliminary evaluation of a probabilistic analytical framework. In: 56th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 14-17, 2012; Seattle, WA.109-124.
1980	Sauter AJM, Klopper PJ, van Faassen F, Keeman JN. Fat embolism after static and dynamic load: an experimental investigation. In: Proceedings of the 1980 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1980; Birmingham, England.248-260.
1989	Snider JN, Wasserman J, Kress T, Fuller PM, Benson R, Tucker G. Synthetic bone for impact studies. In: Proceedings of the 1989 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 13-15, 1989; Stockholm, Sweden.195-208.
2000	Takahashi Y, Kikuchi Y, Konosu A, Ishikawa H. Development and validation of the finite element model for the human lower limb of pedestrians. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:335-355. SAE 2000-01-SC22.
2005	Kent R, Lee S-H, Darvish K, Wang S, Poster CS, Lange AW, Brede C, Lange D, Matsuoka F. Structural and material changes in the aging thorax and their role in crash protection for older occupants. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2005;49:231-249. SAE 2005-22-0011.
2010	El-Jawahri RE, Laituri TR, Ruan JS, Rouhana SW, Barbat SD. Development and validation of age-dependent FE human models of a mid-sized male thorax. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:407-430. SAE 2010-22-0017.
2015	Schoell SL, Weaver AA, Urban JE, Jones DA, Stitzel JD, Hwang E, Reed MP, Rupp JD. Development and validation of an older occupant finite element model of a mid-sized male for investigation of age-related injury risk. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2015;59:359-383.
1980	Carter DR, Schwab GH, Spengler DM. Tensile fracture of cancellous bone. Acta Orthop Scand. 1980;51(5):733-741.
1981	Carter DR, Caler WE, Spengler DM, Frankel VH. Fatigue behavior of adult cortical bone: the influence of mean strain and strain range. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(5):481-490.
1983	Ruff CB, Hayes WC. Cross‐sectional geometry of Pecos Pueblo femora and tibiae: a biomechanical investigation, I: method and general patterns of variation. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1983;60(3):359-381.
1990	Jensen KS, Mosekilde L, Mosekilde L. A model of vertebral trabecular bone architecture and its mechanical properties. Bone. 1990;11(6):417-423.
1983	Frost HM. A determinant of bone architecture: the minimum effective strain. Clin Orthop Relat Res. August 1983;175:286-292.
2014	Jiang B, Cao L, Mao H, Wagner C, Marek S, Yang KH. Development of a 10-year-old paediatric thorax finite element model validated against cardiopulmonary resuscitation data. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 2014;17(11):1185-1197.
2004	Doblaré M, García JM, Gomez MJ. Modelling bone tissue fracture and healing: a review. Eng Fract Mech. September 2004;71(13-14):1809-1840.
1997	Guo XE, Goldstein SA. Is trabecular bone tissue different from cortical bone tissue? Forma. 1997;12(3-4):185-196.
2021	Larsson K-J, Blennow A, Iraeus J, Pipkorn B, Lubbe N. Rib cortical bone fracture risk as a function of age and rib strain: updated injury prediction using finite element human body models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. May 24, 2021;9:677768.
2018	Levchuk A, Schneider P, Meier M, Vogel P, Donaldson F, Müller R. An automated step-wise micro-compression device for 3D dynamic image-guided failure assessment of bone tissue on a microstructural level using time-lapsed tomography. Front Mater. June 2018;5:32.
2013	Acar BS, Feng J, Esat V. Investigation into suitability of current ATDs to represent ageing drivers. Int J Crashworthiness. 2013;18(1):1-10.
1981	Carter DR, Caler WE, Spengler DM, Frankel VH. Uniaxial fatigue of human cortical bone: the influence of tissue physical characteristics. J Biomech. 1981;14(7):461-470.
1982	Lanyon LE, Goodship AE, Pye CJ, MacFie JH. Mechanically adaptive bone remodelling. J Biomech. 1982;15(3):141-154.
1985	Keller TS, Lovin JD, Spengler DM, Carter DR. Fatigue of immature baboon cortical bone. J Biomech. 1985;18(4):297-304.
1985	Gibson LJ. The mechanical behaviour of cancellous bone. J Biomech. 1985;18(5):317-328.
1988	Rice JC, Cowin SC, Bowman JA. On the dependence of the elasticity and strength of cancellous bone on apparent density. J Biomech. 1988;21(2):155-168.
1989	Martin RB, Ishida J. The relative effects of collagen fiber orientation, porosity, density, and mineralization on bone strength. J Biomech. 1989;22(5):419-426.
1989	Selker F, Carter DR. Scaling of long bone fracture strength with animal mass. J Biomech. 1989;22(11-12):1175-1183.
1993	Crolet JM, Aoubiza B, Meunier A. Compact bone: numerical simulation of mechanical characteristics. J Biomech. June 1993;26(6):677-687.
1993	Martin RB, Boardman DL. The effects of collagen fiber orientation, porosity, density, and mineralization on bovine cortical bone bending properties. J Biomech. September 1993;26(9):1047-1054.
1994	Keller TS. Predicting the compressive mechanical behavior of bone. J Biomech. September 1994;27(9):1159-1168.
1996	Cristofolini L, Viceconti M, Cappello A, Toni A. Mechanical validation of whole bone composite femur models. J Biomech. April 1996;29(4):525-535.
1996	Aoubiza B, Crolet JM, Meunier A. On the mechanical characterization of compact bone structure using the homogenization theory. J Biomech. December 1996;29(12):1539-1547.
2002	Kim HS, Al-Hassan STS. A morphological model of vertebral trabecular bone. J Biomech. August 2002;35(8):1101-1114.
2003	Kotha SP, Guzelsu N. Tensile damage and its effects on cortical bone. J Biomech. November 2003;36(11):1683-1689.
2010	Cristofolini L, Conti G, Juszczyk M, Cremonini S, Sint Jan SV, Viceconti M. Structural behaviour and strain distribution of the long bones of the human lower limbs. J Biomech. March 22, 2010;43(5):826-835.
2011	Juszczyk MM, Cristofolini L, Viceconti M. The human proximal femur behaves linearly elastic up to failure under physiological loading conditions. J Biomech. August 11, 2011;44(12):2259-2266.
2016	Schafman MA, Kang Y-S, Moorhouse K, White SE, Bolte JH IV, Agnew AM. Age and sex alone are insufficient to predict human rib structural response to dynamic A-P loading. J Biomech. October 3, 2016;49(14):3516-3522.
2021	Fiedler IAK, Elmogazy O, Courtemanche G, Cardoso L, Berteau JP. Bones of teleost fish demonstrate high fracture strain. J Biomech. May 7, 2021;120:110341.
2023	Pais A, Alves JL, Belinha J. Predicting trabecular arrangement in the proximal femur: an artificial neural network approach for varied geometries and load cases. J Biomech. December 2023;161:111860.
1981	Torzilli PA, Takebe K, Burstein AH, Heiple KG. Structural properties of immature canine bone. J Biomech Eng. November 1981;103(4):232-238.
1983	Carter DR, Caler WE. Cycle-dependent and time-dependent bone fracture with repeated loading. J Biomech Eng. May 1983;105(2):166-170.
1986	Little RB, Wevers HW, Siu D, Cooke TDV. A three-dimensional finite element analysis of the upper tibia. J Biomech Eng. May 1986;108(2):111-119.
1987	Ueno K, Liu YK. A three-dimenstional nonlinear finite element model of lumbar intervertebral joint in torsion. J Biomech Eng. August 1987;109(3):200-209.
1991	Lotz JC, Cheal EJ, Hayes WC. Fracture prediction for the proximal femur using finite element models, II: nonlinear analysis. J Biomech Eng. 1991;113(4):361-364.
1987	Parfitt AM, Drezner MK, Glorieux FH, Kanis JA, Malluche H, Meunier PJ, Ott SM, Recker RR. Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units: report of the ASBMR histomorphometry nomenclature committee. J Bone Miner Res. December 1987;2(6):595-610.
2013	Dempster DW, Compston JE, Drezner MK, Glorieux FH, Kanis JA, Malluche H, Meunier PJ, Ott SM, Recker RR, Parfitt AM. Standardized nomenclature, symbols, and units for bone histomorphometry: a 2012 update of the report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee. J Bone Miner Res. January 2013;28(1):2-17.
2015	Agnew AM, Schafman M, Moorhouse K, White SE, Kang Y-S. The effect of age on the structural properties of human ribs. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. January 2015;41:302-314.
1986	Keller TS, Spengler DM, Carter DR. Geometric, elastic, and structural properties of maturing rat femora. J Orthop Res. 1986;4(1):57-67.
1987	Hansson TH, Keller TS, Spengler DM. Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar spine, II: fatigue strength during dynamic compressive loading. J Orthop Res. 1987;5(4):479-487.
1990	Keller TS, Mao Z, Spengler DM. Young's modulus, bending strength, and tissue physical properties of human compact bone. J Orthop Res. 1990;8(4):592-603.
1990	Nunamaker DM, Butterweck DM, Provost MT. Fatigue fractures in thoroughbred racehorses: relationships with age, peak bone strain, and training. J Orthop Res. July 1990;8(4):604-611.
1991	Snyder SM, Schneider E. Estimation of mechanical properties of cortical bone by computed tomography. J Orthop Res. May 1991;9(3):422-431.
2003	Kaneko TS, Pejcic MR, Tehranzadeh J, Keyak JH. Relationships between material properties and CT scan data of cortical bone with and without metastatic lesions. Med Eng Phys. July 2003;25(6):445-454.
2005	Barker DS, Netherway DJ, Krishnan J, Hearn TC. Validation of a finite element model of the human metacarpal. Med Eng Phys. March 2005;27(2):103-113.
2009	Cristofolini L, Juszczyk M, Taddei F, Viceconti M. Strain distribution in the proximal human femoral metaphysis. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H-J Eng Med. April 2009;2223(3):273-288.
2013	Hussein Ali AI. 3-D Visualization and Prediction of Spine Fractures Under Axial Loading [PhD thesis]. Boston University; 2013.
2006	Joo W. Cross-Modal Effects of Damage on Mechanical Behavior of Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; January 2006.
2012	Moore E. The Frequency, Aqueous Solution, Stress Amplitude, Temperature (FAST) Machine: A Device Proposed for Accelerated Fatigue Testing of Cortical Bone [Master's thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; August 2012.
2014	Mendoza Vázquez M. Thoracic Injuries in Frontal Car Crashes: Risk Assessment Using a Finite Element Human Body Model [PhD thesis]. Götenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology; 2014.
1991	Edidin AA. Modeling of Bone Material Properties from CT Scans: Considerations in Biomechanical Structural Models [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; May 1991.
2012	Slyfield CR Jr. The Biomechanics of Bone Turnover [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; January 2012.
2003	Winwood K. An Experimental Investigation Into the Effects of Cyclic Fatigue on Ageing Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Cranfield University; September 2003.
2009	Minnock E. The Use of Quantitative Ultrasound on the Finger to Detect Osteoporosis [PhD thesis]. Cranfield, UK: Cranfield University; December 2009.
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1994	Zysset P. A Constitutive Law for Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Lausanne, Switzerland: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1994.
2019	Bakr M. Parathyroid Hormone Effect on Facilitating Stress Fracture Repair [PhD thesis]. Brisbane, Australia: Griffith University; July 2019.
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1994	Runestad JA. Humeral and Femoral Diaphyseal Cross-Sectional Geometry and Articular Dimensions in Prosimii and Platyrrhini (primates) With Application for Reconstruction of Body Mass and Locomotor Behavior in Adapidae (primates: Eocene) [PhD thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; March 1994.
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2021	Törnquist E. Bone Structure Characterisation Using Neutron Scattering Techniques [PhD thesis]. Lund, Sweden: Lund University; 2021.
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2013	Vijayakumar V. Quantifying the Regional Variations in the Mechanical Properties of Cancellous Bone of the Tibia Using Indentation Testing and CT Imaging [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; September 2013.
1998	Robling AG. Histomorphometric Assessment of Mechanical Loading History from Human Skeletal Remains: The Relation Between Micromorphology and Macromorphology At the Femoral Midshaft [PhD thesis]. University of Missouri; December 1998.
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2012	Yuan F. Finite Element Simulation of the Mechanical Properties of Mineralized Biomaterials [PhD thesis]. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University; August 2012.
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2013	Schumacher Y. Comparison of Two Loading Surface Preparation Methods on Rat Vertebral Bodies for Compression Testing [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; September 2013.
2006	Whitty M. Development of a Physiological Three Dimensional Finite Element Model of a Human Tibia [Master's thesis]. Kingston, ON: Royal Military College of Canada; May 2006.
2006	Diab T. The Role of Damage Morphology in Age-Related Increase in Bone Fragility [PhD thesis]. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; 2006.
2000	Kotha SP. A Micromechanical Model to Explain the Mechanical Properties of Bovine Cortical Bone in Tension: In Vitro Fluoride Ion Effects [PhD thesis]. Rutgers University; January 2000.
1990	Fyhrie PB. Finite Element Analyses of Fracture Healing in Long Bones [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; August 10, 1990.
1998	Giddings VL. Computer Simulations of Calcaneal Loading and Bone Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 1998.
2002	Loboa Polefka EG. Mechanobiology of Multipotent Mesenchymal Tissue Differentiation [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 2002.
2006	Macdonald HM. Effectiveness of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Increasing Bone Strength in Children: Action Schools! British Columbia [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; July 2006.
2017	Gabel LEC. Bone Strength Accrual Across Adolescent Growth and the Influences of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; April 2017.
2014	Colombo A. La micro-architecture de l’os trabéculaire en croissance: Variabilité tridimensionnelle normale et pathologique analysée par microtomodensitométrie [PhD thesis]. Université de Bordeaux; December 15, 2014.
2016	Firminger CR. Effects of Minimalist Footwear and Stride Length Reduction on Metatarsal Strains and the Probability of Stress Fracture in Running [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; July 2016.
2017	Fung A. Experimental Validation of Finite Element Predicted Bone Strain in the Human Metatarsal [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; April 2017.
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2021	Muraro P. Biomechanical Characterization of Fibrolamellar Bone Using Nano-Scale Modulus Mapping [Master's thesis]. Liège, Belgique: Université de Liège; 2021.
1995	Tseng K-F. Investigating the Structure-Function Relationships of Long Bone: An Approach Using Growth Hormone Mouse Models [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1995.
2012	Beck B. Optimising Protection for Motor Vehicle Rear Seat Occupants [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2012.
2016	McDonald MP. Predicting Distal Radius Failure Load During a Fall Using Mechanical Testing and Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography [Master's thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; December 2016.
1993	Boyce TM. Aging Changes Within the Human Femoral Neck Cortex [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; August 1993.
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Year	Entry
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