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Evans, F. Gaynor
1
Stress and Strain in Bones: Their Relation to Fractures and Osteogenesis
Charles C. Thomas; Springfield, IL; 1957
Affiliations
1
Wayne State University
, College of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
Cited Works (9)
Year
Entry
1917
Koch JC. The laws of bone architecture.
Am J Anat
. March 1917;21(2):177-298.
1954
Hirsch C, Nachemson A. New observations on the mechanical behavior of lumbar discs.
Acta Orthop Scand
. 1954;23(4):254-283.
1950
Gurdjian ES, Webster JE, Lissner HR. The mechanism of skull fracture.
J Neurosurg
. 1950;7(2):106-114.
1949
Gurdjian ES, Webster JE, Lissner HR. Studies on skull fracture with particular reference to engineering factors.
Am J Surg
. November 1949;78(5):736-742.
1951
Evans FG, Lebow M. Regional differences in some of the physical properties of the human femur.
J Appl Physiol
. 1951;3(9):563-572.
1880
Messerer O. Über Elasticität und Festigkeit der menschlichen Knochen. Stuttgart, Germany: Cotta; 1880.
1952
Evans FG, Lebow M. The strength of human compact bone as revealed by engineering technics.
Am J Surg
. March 1952;83(3):326-331.
1952
Dempster WT, Liddicoat RT. Compact bone as a non-isotropic material.
Am J Anat
. 1952;91(3):331-362.
1944
Gurdjian ES, Lissner HR. Mechanism of head injury as studied by the cathode ray oscilloscope: preliminary report.
J Neurosurg
. November 1944;1(6):393-399.
Cited By (105)
Year
Entry
1962
Currey JD. Stress concentrations in bone.
Q J Microsc Sci
. March 1962;103(1):111-133.
1970
McElhaney J, Alem N, Roberts V. A porous block model for cancellous bones. Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; November 29–December 3, 1970; New York, NY.1-9. ASME Publication 70-WA/BHF-2.
1981
Cowin SC. Introduction to the symposium on the mechanical properties of bone. In: Cowin SC, ed.
Mechanical Properties of Bone
. The Joint ASME-ASCE Applied Mechnics, Fluids Engineering and Bioengineering Conference; June 22-24, 1981; Boulder, CO. New York, NY: American Society of Mechical Engineers; 1981:1-12.
1981
Huiskes R, Janssen JD, Slooff TJ. A detailed comparison of experimental and theoretical stress-analyses of a human femur. In: Cowin SC, ed.
Mechanical Properties of Bone
. The Joint ASME-ASCE Applied Mechnics, Fluids Engineering and Bioengineering Conference; June 22-24, 1981; Boulder, CO. New York, NY: American Society of Mechical Engineers; 1981:211-234.
1963
Frost HM.
Bone Remodelling Dynamics
. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1963.
1964
Frost HM.
Mathematical Elements of Lamellar Bone Remodelling
. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1964.
1964
Frost HM.
The Laws of Bone Structure
. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1964.
1970
Evans FG. Impact tolerance of human pelvic and long bones. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds.
Impact Injury and Crash Protection
. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:402-417.
1986
Frost HM.
Intermediary Organization of the Skeleton
. Vols. 1-2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1986.
2001
Fritton SP, Rubin CT. Dense bone tissue as a molecular composite. In: Cowin SC, ed.
Bone Mechanics Handbook
. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:8-1–8-41.
1965
Zarek JM, Edwards J. Dynamic considerations of the human skeletal system. In: Kenedi RM, ed.
Biomechanics and Related Bio-Engineering Topics: Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Glasgow, September 1964
. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press; 1965:187-203.
1965
Frankel VH, Burstein AH. Load capacity of tubular bone. In: Kenedi RM, ed.
Biomechanics and Related Bio-Engineering Topics: Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Glasgow, September 1964
. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press; 1965:381-396.
1972
Kummer BKF. Biomechanics of bone: mechanical properties, functional structure, functional adaptation. In: Fung YC, Perrone N, Anliker M, eds.
Biomechanics: Its Foundations and Objectives
. Symposium on Biomechanics, its Foundations and Objectives; July 29-31, 1970. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Inc., Prentice-Hall International; 1972:237-271.
1993
Fung YC.
Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues
. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1993.
1998
Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA.
Skeletal Tissue Mechanics
. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1998.
1982
States JD, Hight PV. Tolerance of human femur derived from an accidental fall. In:
26th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM)
. October 4-6, 1982; Ottawa, ON.37-51.
1985
European Experimental Vehicles Committee. Cycle and light-powered two-wheeler accidents. In:
Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV)
. July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.1152-1206. SAE 856132.
1990
Hopes PD, Chinn BP. The correlation of damage to crash helmets with injury, and the implications for injury tolerance criteria. In:
Proceedings of the 1990 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact
. September 12-14, 1990; Lyon, France.319-331.
1995
Kress TA, Porta DJ, Snider JN, Fuller PM, Psihogios JP, Heck WL, Frick SJ, Wasserman JF. Fracture patterns of human cadaver long bones. In:
Proceedings of the 1995 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact
. September 13-15, 1995; Brunnen, Switzerland.155-169.
1961
Evans FG. Mechanics of bone fracture. In:
Proceedings of the 5th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference
. September 14-16, 1961; University of Minnesota. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:144-157.
1964
Hodgson VR, Nakamura GS, Talwalker RK. Response of the facial structure to impact. In: Patrick LM, ed.
Proceedings of the 8th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference
. October 21-23, 1964; Wayne State University. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press:229-250. SAE 640852.
1966
Stapp JP. Review of air force research on biodynamics of collision injury. In:
Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference
. November 8-9, 1966; Hollomon Air Force Base, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:325-342. SAE 660805.
1968
Greenberg SW, Gonzalez D, Gurdjian ES, Thomas LM. Changes in physical properties of bone between the in vivo, freshly dead, and embalmed conditions. In:
Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference
. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:271-279. SAE 680783.
1958
Evans FG. Relations between the microscopic structure and tensile strength of human bone.
Acta Anat
. 1958;35(4):285-301.
1964
Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The ultimate tensile strength of single osteons.
Acta Anat
. 1964;58(1-2):160-183.
1965
Heřt J, Kučera P, Vávra M, Voleník V. Comparison of the mechanical properties of both the primary and Haversian bone tissue.
Acta Anat
. 1965;61(3):412-423.
1960
Nachemson A. Lumbar intradiscal pressure: experimental studies on post-mortem material.
Acta Orthop Scand
. 1960;31(suppl 43):1-104.
1965
Sedlin ED. A rheologic model for cortical bone: a study of physical properties of human femoral samples.
Acta Orthop Scand
. 1965;(suppl 83):1-77.
1965
Hirsch C, Evans FG. Studies on some physical properties of infant compact bone.
Acta Orthop Scand
. 1965;35(4):300-313.
1966
Sedlin ED, Hirsch C. Factors affecting the determination of the physical properties of femoral cortical bone.
Acta Orthop Scand
. 1966;37(1):29-48.
1967
Lindahl O, Lindgren ÅGH. Cortical bone in man, II: variation in tensile strength with age and sex.
Acta Orthop Scand
. 1967;38(2):141-147.
1970
Lanyon LE, Smith RN. Bone strain in the tibia during normal quadrupedal locomotion.
Acta Orthop Scand
. 1970;41(3):238-248.
1976
Lindahl O. Mechanical properties of dried defatted spongy bone.
Acta Orthop Scand
. 1976;47(1):11-19.
1967
Evans FG, Bang S. Differences and relationships between the physical properties and the microscopic structure of human femoral, tibial and fibular cortical bone.
Am J Anat
. January 1967;120(1):79-88.
1975
Turner AS, Mills EJ, Gabel AA. In vivo measurement of bone strain in the horse.
Am J Vet Res
. November 1975;36(11):1573-1579.
1967
Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The tensile properties of single osteons.
Acta Anat
. 1967;158(4):375-386.
1976
Evans FG. Mechanical properties and histology of cortical bone from younger and older men.
Anat Rec
. 1976;185(1):1-12.
1990
Frost HM. Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU), I: redefining Wolff's law: the bone modeling problem.
Anat Rec
. 1990;226(4):403-413.
2003
Frost HM. Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update.
Anat Rec
. 2003;275A(2):1081-1101.
1965
Elliott DH. Structure and function of mammalian tendon.
Biol Rev
. August 1965;40(3):392-421.
1964
Currey JD. Three analogies to explain the mechanical properties of bone.
Biorheology
. 1964;2(1):1-10.
1988
Frost HM. Vital biomechanics: proposed general concepts for skeletal adaptations to mechanical usage.
Calcif Tiss Int
. May 1988;42(3):145-156.
1989
Frost HM. Transient-steady state phenomena in microdamage physiology: a proposed algorithm for lamellar bone.
Calcif Tiss Int
. June 1989;44(6):367-381.
1969
Rockoff SD, Sweet E, Bleustein J. The relative contribution of trabecular and cortical bone to the strength of human lumbar vertebrae.
Calcif Tiss Res
. December 1969;3(1):163-175.
1974
Currey JD, Brear K. Tensile yield in bone.
Calcif Tiss Res
. December 1974;15(1):173-179.
1977
Saha S, Hayes WC. Relations between tensile impact properties and microstructure of compact bone.
Calcif Tiss Res
. December 1977;24(1):65-72.
1966
Nachemson A. The load on lumbar disks in different positions of the body.
Clin Orthop Relat Res
. March–March 1966;45:107-122.
1970
Abendschein W, Hyatt GW. Ultrasonics and selected physical properties of bone.
Clin Orthop Relat Res
. March–April 1970;69:294-301.
1970
Currey JD. The mechanical properties of bone.
Clin Orthop Relat Res
. November–December 1970;73:210-231.
1979
Perren SM. Physical and biological aspects of fracture healing with special reference to internal fixation.
Clin Orthop Relat Res
. January–February 1979;138:175-196.
1985
Frost HM. The pathomechanics of osteoporoses.
Clin Orthop Relat Res
. November 1985;200:198-225.
2009
Currey J. Measurement of the mechanical properties of bone: a recent history.
Clin Orthop Relat Res
. August 2009;467(8):1948-1954.
1969
Robbins DH, Wood JL. Determination of mechanical properties of the bones of the skull.
Exp Mech
. May 1969;9(5):236-240.
1974
Saha S, Hayes WC. Instrumented tensile-impact tests of bone.
Exp Mech
. December 1974;14(12):473-478.
1971
Heřt J, Lišková M, Landa J. Reaction of bone to mechanical stimuli, I: continuous and intermittent loading of tibia in rabbit.
Folia Morphol
(Praha). August 1971;19(3):290-300.
1960
Frost HM. Presence of microscopic cracks in vivo in bone.
Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull
. 1960;8(1):25-35.
1961
Frost HM, Roth H, Villanueva AR. Physical characteristics of bone, III: a semimicro measurement of unit shear stress.
Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull
. 1961;9(1):157-162.
1959
Vose GP, Kubala AL Jr. Bone strength: its relationship to x-ray determined ash content.
Hum Biol
. September 1959;31:261-270.
1973
Piekarski K. Analysis of bone as a composite material.
Int J Eng Sci
. June 1973;11(6):557-565.
1959
Currey JD. Differences in the tensile strength of bone of different histological types.
J Anat
. January 1959;93(1):87-95.
1957
Evans FG, Lissner HR. Tensile and compressive strength of human parietal bone.
J Appl Physiol
. May 1957;10(3):493-497.
1959
Lease GO, Evans FG. Strength of human metatarsal bones under repetitive loading.
J Appl Physiol
. 1959;14(1):49-51.
1961
Dempster WT, Coleman RF. Tensile strength of bone along and across the grain.
J Appl Physiol
. March 1961;16(2):355-360.
1966
McElhaney JH. Dynamic response of bone and muscle tissue.
J Appl Physiol
. 1966;21(4):1231-1236.
1968
Ommaya AK. Mechanical properties of tissues of the nervous system.
J Biomech
. 1968;1(2):127-136.
1968
Nachemson AL, Evans JH. Some mechanical properties of the third human lumbar interlaminar ligament (ligamentum flavum).
J Biomech
. August 1968;1(3):211-220.
1969
Burdi AR, Huelke DF, Snyder RG, Lowrey GH. Infants and children in the adult world of automobile safety design: pediatric and anatomical considerations for design of child restraints.
J Biomech
. July 1969;2(3):267-280.
1969
Seireg A, Kempke W. Behavior of in vivo bone under cyclic loading.
J Biomech
. October 1969;2(4):455-461.
1970
McElhaney JH, Fogle JL, Melvin JW, Haynes RR, Roberts VL, Alem NM. Mechanical properties of cranial bone.
J Biomech
. 1970;3(5):495-511.
1972
Cochran GVB. Implantation of strain gages on bone in vivo.
J Biomech
. January 1972;5(1):119-123.
1972
Chamay A, Tschantz P. Mechanical influences in bone remodeling: experimental research on Wolff's law.
J Biomech
. March 1972;5(2):173-180.
1972
Pope MH, Outwater JO. The fracture characteristics of bone substance.
J Biomech
. September 1972;5(5):457-465.
1973
Pugh JW, Rose RM, Radin EL. Elastic and viscoelastic properties of trabecular bone: dependence on structure.
J Biomech
. 1973;6(5):475-485.
1973
Pugh JW, Rose RM, Radin EL. A structural model for the mechanical behavior of trabecular bone.
J Biomech
. 1973;6(6):657-670.
1974
Bargren JH, Bassett CAL, Gjelsvik A. Mechanical properties of hydrated cortical bone.
J Biomech
. May 1974;7(3):239-245.
1974
Gray RJ, Korbacher GK. Compressive fatigue behaviour of bovine compact bone.
J Biomech
. May 1974;7(3):287-292.
1976
Saha S, Hayes WC. Tensile impact properties of human compact bone.
J Biomech
. 1976;9(4):243-251.
1978
Hayes WC, Swenson LW Jr, Schurman DJ. Axisymmetric finite element analysis of the lateral tibial plateau.
J Biomech
. 1978;11(1-2):21-33.
1979
Churches AE, Howlett CR, Waldron KJ, Ward GW. The response of living bone to controlled time-varying loading: method and preliminary results.
J Biomech
. 1979;12(1):35-45.
1979
Alto A, Pope MH. On the fracture toughness of equine metacarpi.
J Biomech
. 1979;12(6):415-421.
1986
Corondan G, Haworth WL. A fractographic study of human long bone.
J Biomech
. 1986;19(3):207-218.
1987
Huiskes R, Weinans H, Grootenboer HJ, Dalstra M, Fudala B, Slooff TJ. Adaptive bone-remodeling theory applied to prosthetic-design analysis.
J Biomech
. 1987;20(11-12):1135-1150.
1987
Roesler H. The history of some fundamental concepts in bone biomechanics.
J Biomech
. 1987;20(11-12):1025-1034.
1973
Cooke FW, Zeidman H, Scheifele SJ. The fracture mechanics of bone: another look at composite modeling.
J Biomed Mater Res
. May 1973;7(3):383-399.
1959
Evans FG, Lissner HR. Biomechanical studies on the lumbar spine and pelvis.
J Bone Joint Surg
. March 1959;41A(2):278-290.
1970
Evans FG, Riolo ML. Relations between the fatigue life and histology of adult human cortical bone.
J Bone Joint Surg
. December 1970;52A(8):1579-1586.
1974
Reilly DT, Burstein AH. The mechanical properties of cortical bone.
J Bone Joint Surg
. 1974;56A(5):1001-1022.
1985
McBroom RJ, Hayes WC, Edwards WT, Goldberg RP, White AA III. Prediction of vertebral body compressive fracture using quantitative computed tomography.
J Bone Joint Surg
. 1985;67A(8):1206-1214.
1994
Myers BS, Arbogast KB, Lobaugh B, Harper KD, Richardson WJ, Drezner MK. Improved assessment of lumbar vertebral body strength using supine lateral dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.
J Bone Miner Res
. May 1994;9(5):687-693.
1965
Currey JD. Anelasticity in bone and echinoderm skeletons.
J Exp Biol
. October 1965;43(2):279-292.
1966
Bartley MH Jr, Arnold JS, Haslam RK, Jee SS Webster. The relationship of bone strength and bone quantity in health, disease and aging.
J Gerontol
. 1966;21(4):517-521.
1967
Currey JD. The failure of exoskeletons and endoskeletons.
J Morphol
. 1967;123(1):1-16.
1966
Swanson SAV, Freeman MAR. Is bone hydraulically strengthened?
Med Biol Eng
. September 1966;4(5):433-438.
1974
Schoenfeld CM, Lautenschlager EP, Meyer PR. Mechanical properties of human cancellous bone in the femoral head.
Med Biol Eng
. 1974;12(3):313-317.
1971
Moon DW, Beedle CW, Kovacic CR. Peak head acceleration of athletes during competition: football.
Med Sci Sports
. Spring 1971;3(1):44-50.
2012
Moore E.
The Frequency, Aqueous Solution, Stress Amplitude, Temperature (FAST) Machine: A Device Proposed for Accelerated Fatigue Testing of Cortical Bone
[Master's thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; August 2012.
2011
Abdel-Wahab AA-GM.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Deformation and Fracture of Cortical Bone Tissue
[PhD thesis]. Loughborough University; August 2011.
1998
Robling AG.
Histomorphometric Assessment of Mechanical Loading History from Human Skeletal Remains: The Relation Between Micromorphology and Macromorphology At the Femoral Midshaft
[PhD thesis]. University of Missouri; December 1998.
1972
Pugh JW.
Structure and Dynamic Properties of Trabecular Bone
[PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 1972.
1975
Lakes RS.
Viscoelastic and Dielectric Relaxation in Cortical Bone
[PhD thesis]. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; July 1975.
1973
Margel-Robertson DR.
Studies of Fracture in Bone
[PhD thesis]. Stanford University; March 1973.
1980
Crenshaw TD.
Physical and Biological Factors Affecting Bone Integrity in Swine
[PhD thesis]. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska—Lincoln; August 1980.
1998
Arslanoğlu R.
Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Aspects of Cellular Mechanotransduction
[PhD thesis]. University of Texas at Austin; December 1998.
1985
Schaffler MB.
Stiffness and Fatigue of Compact Bone At Physiological Strains and Strain Rates
[PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1985.
1993
Sedman AJ.
Mechanical Failure and Antler: The Accumulation of Bone of Damage
[PhD thesis]. York, UK: University of York; September 1993.