Tensile impact properties of human compact bone

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Saha, S.¹; Hayes, W. C.²

Tensile impact properties of human compact bone

J Biomech. 1976;9(4):243-251

Affiliations

¹Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, U.S.A.

²Department of Applied Mechanics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, U.S.A.
Abstract

Longitudinal specimens from human compact bone were tested in a pendulum type instrumented tensile impact tester at a strain rate of 133 sec⁻¹. The recorded load time histories showed marked nonlinearities in the stress strain behavior of some specimens including plastic deformation and strain hardening effects, thus emphasizing that the fracture energy alone is an incomplete representation of the tensile impact behaviour of bone. Mean tensile impact strengths and impact energy capacities were 126·3 ± 33·1 MN/m² and 18790 ± 7355 J/m² for 49 fresh human specimens. Quasi-static tensile strengths for 13 fresh human samples were 34% less than the tensile impact strength. Statistically significant correlations were found between elastic properties, ultimate stress and impact energy capacity. Tensile impact strength also correlated negatively with the percentage area of secondary osteons in the specimen.
Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(76)90010-5

PubMed: 1262359

WoS: A1976BM82100010
History

Received: 1974-04-10

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2002	Currey JD. Bones: Structure and Mechanics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2002.
2004	Kemper AR, McNally C, Kennedy EA, Manoogian SJ, Rath AL, Stitzel JD, Duma SM, Matsuoka F, Hasegawa J. Methods for dynamic material testing of human cortical bone specimens. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2004.31-42.
2021	Schubert A, Erlinger N, Leo C, Iraeus J, John J, Klug C. Development of a 50th percentile female femur model. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 8-10, 2021; Online.308-332.
2000	Takahashi Y, Kikuchi Y, Konosu A, Ishikawa H. Development and validation of the finite element model for the human lower limb of pedestrians. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:335-355. SAE 2000-01-SC22.
2005	Kemper AR, McNally C, Kennedy EA, Manoogian SJ, Rath AL, Ng TP, Stitzel JD, Smith EP, Duma SM, Matsuoka F. Material properties of human rib cortical bone from dynamic tension coupon testing. Stapp Car Crash J. 2005;49:199-230. SAE 2005-22-0010.
2004	Yeni YN, Dong XN, Fyhrie DP, Les CM. The dependence between the strength and stiffness of cancellous and cortical bone tissue for tension and compression: extension of a unifying principle. Bio-med Mater Eng. 2004;14(3):303-310.
1977	Saha S, Hayes WC. Relations between tensile impact properties and microstructure of compact bone. Calcif Tiss Res. December 1977;24(1):65-72.
1978	Robertson DM, Robertson D, Barrett CR. Fracture toughness, critical crack length and plastic zone size in bone. J Biomech. 1978;11(8-9):359-364.
1986	Fischer RA, Arms SW, Pope MH, Seligson D. Analysis of the effect of using two different strain rates on the acoustic emission in bone. J Biomech. 1986;19(2):119-127.
1987	Currey JD. The evolution of the mechanical properties of amniote bone. J Biomech. 1987;20(11-12):1035-1044.
2008	Zioupos P, Hansen U, Currey JD. Microcracking damage and the fracture process in relation to strain rate in human cortical bone tensile failure. J Biomech. October 20, 2008;41(14):2932-2939.
2011	Szabó ME, Taylor M, Thurner PJ. Mechanical properties of single bovine trabeculae are unaffected by strain rate. J Biomech. March 15, 2011;44(5):962-967.
2008	Hansen U, Zioupos P, Simpson R, Currey JD, Hynd D. The effect of strain rate on the mechanical properties of human cortical bone. J Biomech Eng. February 2008;130(1):011011.
2011	Ural A, Zioupos P, Buchanan D, Vashishth D. The effect of strain rate on fracture toughness of human cortical bone: a finite element study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. October 2011;4(7):1021-1032.
2019	Peace B. Examination of Hacking and Blunt Force Skeletal Trauma [Master's thesis]. Boston, MA: Boston University; 2019.
2010	Feng L. Multi-Scale Characterization of Swine Femoral Cortical Bone and Long Bone Defect Repair by Regeneration [PhD thesis]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2010.
2011	Abdel-Wahab AA-GM. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Deformation and Fracture of Cortical Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. Loughborough University; August 2011.
2006	Panzer MB. Numerical Modelling of the Human Cervical Spine in Frontal Impact [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2006.
2018	Khor F. Computational Modeling of Hard Tissue Response and Fracture in the Lower Cervical Spine Under Compression Including Age Effects [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2018.
2005	Kemper AR. Material Properties of Human Rib Cortical Bone from Dynamic Tension Coupon Testing [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 22, 2005.