Vital biomechanics:​ proposed general concepts for skeletal adaptations to mechanical usage

Frost, H. M.

Affiliations

¹Southern Colorado Clinic, 2002 Lake Ave., Pueblo, CO 81004, USA

Links

DOI: 10.1007/BF02556327

PubMed: 3130163

WoS: A1988M046100001

History

Received: 1986-11-21

Revised: 1987-09-03

Cited Works (23)

Year	Entry
1985	Burr DB, Martin RB, Schaffler MB, Radin EL. Bone remodeling in response to in vivo fatigue microdamage. J Biomech. 1985;18(3):189-200.
1984	Parfitt AM. The cellular basis of bone remodeling: the quantum concept reexamined in light of recent advances in the cell biology of bone. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S37-S45.
1987	Frost HM. The mechanostat: a proposed pathogenic mechanism of osteoporoses and the bone mass effects of mechanical and nonmechanical agents. Bone Miner. April 1987;2(2):73-85.
1972	Chamay A, Tschantz P. Mechanical influences in bone remodeling: experimental research on Wolff's law. J Biomech. March 1972;5(2):173-180.
1984	Meade JB, Cowin SC, Klawitter JJ, Van Buskirk WC, Skinner HB. Bone remodeling due to continuously applied loads. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S25-S30.
1952	Dempster WT, Liddicoat RT. Compact bone as a non-isotropic material. Am J Anat. 1952;91(3):331-362.
1985	Beaupre GS, Hayes WC. Finite element analysis of a three-dimensional open-celled model for trabecular bone. J Biomech Eng. August 1985;107(3):249-256.
1964	Frost HM. The Laws of Bone Structure. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1964.
1984	Currey JD. Mechanical Adaptations of Bone. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1984.
1974	Reilly DT, Burstein AH. The mechanical properties of cortical bone. J Bone Joint Surg. 1974;56A(5):1001-1022.
1983	Frost HM. A determinant of bone architecture: the minimum effective strain. Clin Orthop Relat Res. August 1983;175:286-292.
1985	Frost HM. The pathomechanics of osteoporoses. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November 1985;200:198-225.
1981	Roesler H. Some historical remarks on the theory of cancellous bone structure (Wolff's Law). In: Cowin SC, ed. Mechanical Properties of Bone. The Joint ASME-ASCE Applied Mechnics, Fluids Engineering and Bioengineering Conference; June 22-24, 1981; Boulder, CO. New York, NY: American Society of Mechical Engineers; 1981:27-42.
1986	Frost HM. Intermediary Organization of the Skeleton. Vols. 1-2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1986.
1984	Johnson MW. Behavior of fluid in stressed bone and cellular stimulation. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S72-S76.
1984	Lanyon LE. Functional strain as a determinant for bone remodeling. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S56-S61.
1957	Evans FG. Stress and Strain in Bones: Their Relation to Fractures and Osteogenesis. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1957.
1986	Fyhrie DP, Carter DR. A unifying principle relating stress to trabecular bone morphology. J Orthop Res. 1986;4(3):304-317.
1984	Carter DR. Mechanical loading histories and cortical bone remodeling. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S19-S24.
1986	Cowin SC. Wolff’s law of trabecular architecture at remodeling equilibrium. J Biomech Eng. February 1986;108(1):83-88.
1984	Cowin SC. Mechanical modeling of the stress adaptation process in bone. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S98-S103.
1984	Rubin CT. Skeletal strain and the functional significance of bone architecture. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S11-S18.
1892	Wolff J. Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen. Berlin: Hirschwald; 1892.

Cited By (43)

Year	Entry
1991	de Ricqles A, Meunier FJ, Castanet J, Francillon-Vieillot H. Comparative microstructure of bone. In: Hall BK, ed. Bone. Volume 3: Bone Matrix and Bone Specific Products. Boca Raton, FL: Inc., CRC Press; 1991:1-78.
2006	Ruff C, Holt B, Trinkaus E. Who's afraid of the big bad Wolff? “Wolff's law” and bone functional adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol. April 2006;129(4):484-498.
1990	Li XJ, Jee WSS, Chow S-Y, Woodbury DM. Adaptation of cancellous bone to aging and immobilization in the rat: a single photon absorptiometry and histomorphometry study. Anat Rec. May 1990;227B(1):12-24.
1994	Frost HM. Wolff's law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. Angle Orthod. June 1994;64(3):175-188.
1994	Hillsley MV, Frangos JA. Review: bone tissue engineering: the role of interstitial fluid flow. Biotechnol Bioeng. March 25, 1994;43(7):573-581.
1989	Burr DB, Schaffler MB, Yang KH, Lukoschek M, Sivaneri N, Blaha JD, Radin EL. Skeletal change in response to altered strain environments: is woven bone a response to elevated strain? Bone. 1989;10(3):223-233.
1990	Jee WSS, Mori S, Li XJ, Chan S. Prostaglandin E₂ enhances cortical bone mass and activates intracortical bone remodeling in intact and ovariectomized female rats. Bone. 1990;11(4):253-266.
1995	Landis WJ. The strength of a calcified tissue depends in part on the molecular structure and organization of its constituent mineral crystals in their organic matrix. Bone. May 1995;16(5):533-544.
1996	Mullender MG, van der Meer DD, Huiskes R, Lips P. Osteocyte density changes in aging and osteoporosis. Bone. February 1996;18(2):109-113.
1990	Kimmel DB, Recker RR, Gallagher JC, Vaswani AS, Aloia JF. A comparison of iliac bone histomorphometric data in post-menopausal osteoporotic and normal subjects. Bone Miner. November 1990;11(2):217-235.
1992	Frost HM. Perspectives: bone's mechanical usage windows. Bone Miner. December 1992;19(3):257-271.
1989	Frost HM. Transient-steady state phenomena in microdamage physiology: a proposed algorithm for lamellar bone. Calcif Tiss Int. June 1989;44(6):367-381.
1994	Raab-Cullen DM, Thiede MA, Petersen DN, Kimmel DB, Recker RR. Mechanical loading stimulates rapid changes in periosteal gene expression. Calcif Tiss Int. December 1994;55(6):473-478.
1994	Rubin CT, McLeod KJ. Promotion of bony ingrowth by frequency-specific, low-amplitude mechanical strain. Clin Orthop Relat Res. January 1994;298:165-174.
1996	Mikuni-Takagaki Y, Suzuki Y, Kawase T, Saito S. Distinct responses of different populations of bone cells to mechanical stress. Endocrinology. May 1996;137(5):2028-2035.
1988	Pead MJ, Skerry TM, Lanyon LE. Direct transformation from quiescence to bone formation in the adult periosteum following a single brief period of bone loading. J Bone Miner Res. December 1988;3(6):647-656.
1991	Rodan GA. Perspectives: mechanical loading, estrogen deficiency, and the coupling of bone formation to bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res. June 1991;6(6):527-530.
2006	Lang TF, Leblanc AD, Evans HJ, Lu Y. Adaptation of the proximal femur to skeletal reloading after long-duration spaceflight. J Bone Miner Res. August 2006;21(8):1224-1230.
1994	Aarden EM, Burger EH, Nijweide PJ. Function of osteocytes in bone. J Cell Biochem. July 1994;55(3):287-299.
1993	Weinans H, Huiskes R, Van Rietbergen B, Sumner DR, Turner TM, Galante JO. Adaptive bone remodeling around bonded noncemented total hip arthroplasty: a comparison between animal experiments and computer simulation. J Orthop Res. July 1993;11(4):500-513.
2020	Shojaa M, von Stengel S, Kohl M, Schoene D, Kemmler W. Effects of dynamic resistance exercise on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis with special emphasis on exercise parameters. Osteoporos Int. August 2020;31(8):1427-1444.
2010	Jähn K. Ex Vivo and in Vitro Culture Models of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells and the Effects of TGFβ₃ and Serum-Free Culture [PhD thesis]. Cardiff University; 2010.
1989	Fondrk MT. An Experimental and Analytical Investigation Into the Nonlinear Constitutive Equations of Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; May 1989.
2006	Nagaraja S. Microstructural Stresses and Strains Associated With Trabecular Bone Microdamage [PhD thesis]. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology; December 2006.
2007	Auerbach BM. Human Skeletal Variation in the New World During the Holocene: Effects of Climate and Subsistence Across Geography and Time [PhD thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; August 2007.
1997	Heinonen A. Exercise as an Osteogenic Stimulus [PhD thesis]. University of Jyväskylä; 1997.
2011	Abdel-Wahab AA-GM. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Deformation and Fracture of Cortical Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. Loughborough University; August 2011.
1998	Robling AG. Histomorphometric Assessment of Mechanical Loading History from Human Skeletal Remains: The Relation Between Micromorphology and Macromorphology At the Femoral Midshaft [PhD thesis]. University of Missouri; December 1998.
1992	Bloomfield SA. Site-Specific Changes in Bone Mass and Alterations in Calciotropic Hormones With Electrical Stimulation Exercise in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 1992.
2001	Tanck EJM. Mechanical Regulation of Bone Development [PhD thesis]. Nijmegen, Netherlands: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen; June 2001.
2001	Kim DG. Micromechanical Analysis of Bone At a Bone-Implant Interface [PhD thesis]. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; April 2001.
1993	van der Meulen MCH. The Influence of Mechanics on Long Bone Development and Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 1993.
2008	Arnsdorf EJ. Guiding Osteogenic Lineage Commitment: The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology and the Mechanical Microenvironment [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; September 2008.
2008	Kwon RY. Mechanical Behavior and Early Molecular Signaling During Mechanotransduction of Fluid Flow in Bone Cells [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; August 2008.
1994	Fritton SP. Computational Simulation of Trabecular Bone Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Tulane University; January 1994.
1994	Oden ZM. Computational Prediction of Functional Adaptation in Canine Radii [PhD thesis]. Tulane University; 1994.
1996	Bober MB. The Regulation of Gene Expression by Mechanical Stimulation and Parathyroid Hormone in Bone in Vivo [PhD thesis]. Tulane University; 1996.
2001	Boyd SK. Microstructural Bone Adaptation in an Experimental Model of Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; January 2001.
2000	Gibson VA. Fatigue Behavior of Equine Third Metacarpal Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2000.
1994	Ko C-C. Mechanical Characteristics of Implant/tissue Interphases [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1994.
1996	Germiller JA. Influence of Skeletal Muscle on Embryonic Long Bone Development [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1996.
2002	Wang M-Y. Quantifying Musculoskeletal Load and Adaptation: Biomechanical Consideration [PhD thesis]. University of Southern California (USC); August 2002.
1998	Arslanoğlu R. Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Aspects of Cellular Mechanotransduction [PhD thesis]. University of Texas at Austin; December 1998.