Biomechanical studies on the lumbar spine and pelvis

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Evans, F. Gaynor¹; Lissner, H. R.¹

Biomechanical studies on the lumbar spine and pelvis

J Bone Joint Surg. March 1959;41A(2):278-290

Affiliations

¹Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, and the Department of Engineering Mechanics, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit
Abstract
1. Eleven pelves and lumbar spines (eight embalmed and three unembalmed) were tested under static vertical loading; five specimens of the sacrum and the lumbar spines and five to eight thoracic vertebrae and discs (two embalmed, three unembalmed) were tested by static anterior bending; and four specimens of the sacrum and lumbar vertebrae and discs (all embalmed) were tested by static lateral bending.
2. Embalming increased the average maximum load and energy absorbed during vertical loading but decreased time magnitude of the average deflection.
3. Specimens tested by anterior bending had a greater bending moment, regardless of the condition of the specimen (embalmed or unembalmed) than those tested by lateral bending.
4. Embalmed specimens tested by lateral bending had a greater average deflection than similar specimens tested by anterior bending.
5. The greatest average amount of energy (inch pounds) was absorbed during vertical loading and the least during lateral bending. Embalming increases the energy-absorbing capacity of the pelvis and lumbar spine during vertical loading.
6. Unembalmed specimens tested by anterior bending showed the greatest average deflection.
7. Among the embalmed specimens the load increased more rapidly than the deflection in most of the specimens tested by vertical loading and in all of the specimens tested by anterior bending. In embalmed specimens tested by lateral bending the load increased more rapidly than deflection at first but later leveled off.
8. The slope of the load-deflection curve was generally steeper for specimens tested by vertical loading than for those tested by anterior or lateral bending. The slope of the curves for embalmed specimens was usually steeper than those for unembalmed ones.
9. No apparent relationship was found between the age of the individual whose spine was tested and the various biomechanical phenomena studied.
Links

DOI: 10.2106/00004623-195941020-00010

PubMed: 13630964

WoS: A1959WH14900010

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Cited By (24)

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1982	Liu YK, Krieger KW, Njus G, Ueno K, Connors M, Wakano K, Thies D. Cervical Spine Stiffness and Geometry of the Young Human Male. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory; November 1982. Report No. AFAMRL-TR-80-138.
1970	Stapp JP. Voluntary human tolerance levels. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:308-349.
1975	Nagel DA, Perkash I, Piziali RL, Hayes WC. Mechanics of dorsal-lumbar spine injury: a preliminary report. In: 19th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 20, 1975; San Diego, CA.124-136.
2007	Yalla SV, Burnett D, Campbell-Kyureghyan NH. Effect of orientation on measured failure strengths of thoracic and lumbar spine segments. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 21-22, 2007; Columbus, OH.
1966	Stapp JP. Review of air force research on biodynamics of collision injury. In: Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-9, 1966; Hollomon Air Force Base, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:325-342. SAE 660805.
1970	Kazarian LE, Hahn JW, von Gierke HE. Biomechanics of the vertebral column and internal organ response to seated spinal impact in the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). In: Proceedings of the 14th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-18, 1970; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:121-143. SAE 700898.
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2015	Oxland TR. A history of spine biomechanics: focus on 20th century progress. Unfallchirurg. December 2015;118(suppl 1):80-92.
2017	Webster CE. The Blast Pelvis [PhD thesis]. Imperial College London; October 2017.
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1977	Begeman PC. The Effect of Energy Absorbing Devices on Spinal Loads Resulting from -G_X Acceleration [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1977.