The fracture characteristics of bone substance

Pope, M. H.<sup>1</sup>; Outwater, J. O.<sup>1</sup>

Affiliations

¹The Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, U.S.A.

Abstract

The strength characteristics and composition of bone substance are discussed in relation to its fracture characteristics. Procedures for estimating the toughness and fracture energy in directions parallel to and transverse to the direction of fibreing are introduced. Results are given for bovine, canine and anthropoid (rhesus monkey and human) bone, and are compared with other work where possible. Based on both light microscope and electron microscope examinations, a mode of fracture is propsed. The fracture of bone is also compared to the fracture of yet another directionally fibred substance-wood.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(72)90004-8

PubMed: 4200130

WoS: A1972N333300004

History

Received: 1971-11-10

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Cited By (30)

Year	Entry
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1994	Walsh WR, Guzelsu N. Compressive properties of cortical bone: mineral-organic interfacial bonding. Biomaterials. January 1994;15(2):137-145.
1981	Chatterji S, Wall JC, Jeffery JW. Age-related changes in the orientation and particle size of the mineral phase in human femoral cortical bone. Calcif Tiss Int. December 1981;33(6):567-574.
1974	Saha S, Hayes WC. Instrumented tensile-impact tests of bone. Exp Mech. December 1974;14(12):473-478.
1974	Pope MH, Outwater JO. Mechanical properties of bone as a function of position and orientation. J Biomech. 1974;7(1):61-66.
1976	Bonfield W, Datta PK. Fracture toughness of compact bone. J Biomech. 1976;9(3):131-134.
1977	Wright TM, Hayes WC. Fracture mechanics parameters for compact bone: effects of density and specimen thickness. J Biomech. 1977;10(7):419-430.
1978	Robertson DM, Robertson D, Barrett CR. Fracture toughness, critical crack length and plastic zone size in bone. J Biomech. 1978;11(8-9):359-364.
1982	Martin RB, Burr DB. A hypothetical mechanism for the stimulation of osteonal remodelling by fatigue damage. J Biomech. 1982;15(3):137-139.
1986	Fischer RA, Arms SW, Pope MH, Seligson D. Analysis of the effect of using two different strain rates on the acoustic emission in bone. J Biomech. 1986;19(2):119-127.
1986	Corondan G, Haworth WL. A fractographic study of human long bone. J Biomech. 1986;19(3):207-218.
1987	Bonfield W. Advances in the fracture mechanics of cortical bone. J Biomech. 1987;20(11-12):1071-1081.
1996	Courtney AC, Hayes WC, Gibson LJ. Age-related differences in post-yield damage in human cortical bone: experiment and model. J Biomech. November 1996;29(11):1463-1471.
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2003	Hiller LP, Stover SM, Gibson VA, Gibeling JC, Prater CS, Hazelwood SJ, Yeh OC, Martin RB. Osteon pullout in the equine third metacarpal bone: effects of ex vivo fatigue. J Orthop Res. May 2003;21(3):481-488.
1974	Pope MH, Murphy MC. Fracture energy of bone in a shear mode. Med Biol Eng. November 1974;12(6):763-767.
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2000	Akkus O. The Relation of Microdamage to Fracture and Material Property Degradation in Human Cortical Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; August 2000.
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2001	Mesfar W. Etude du frottement non linéaire isotropique et anisotropique: Relations constitutives et application par la methode des éléments finis [Master's thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; June 2001.
2017	Fung A. Experimental Validation of Finite Element Predicted Bone Strain in the Human Metatarsal [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; April 2017.
2002	Beardsley CL. Development of Quantitative Measures for Bone Comminution Severity [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; May 2002.
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1998	Yeni YN. Fracture Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone: The Relationship of Geometry, Microstructure and Composition With the Fracture of the Tibia, Femoral Shaft and the Femoral Neck [PhD thesis]. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University; 1998.
2001	Parsamian GP. Damage Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 2001.
1993	Sedman AJ. Mechanical Failure and Antler: The Accumulation of Bone of Damage [PhD thesis]. York, UK: University of York; September 1993.