The fracture characteristics of bone substance

Pope, M. H.; Outwater, J. O.

Affiliations

¹The Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, U.S.A.

Abstract

The strength characteristics and composition of bone substance are discussed in relation to its fracture characteristics. Procedures for estimating the toughness and fracture energy in directions parallel to and transverse to the direction of fibreing are introduced. Results are given for bovine, canine and anthropoid (rhesus monkey and human) bone, and are compared with other work where possible. Based on both light microscope and electron microscope examinations, a mode of fracture is propsed. The fracture of bone is also compared to the fracture of yet another directionally fibred substance-wood.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(72)90004-8

PubMed: 4200130

WoS: A1972N333300004

History

Received: 1971-11-10

Cited Works (5)

Year	Entry
1965	McElhaney JH. Strain Rate Sensitivity of Certain Biological Materials [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1965.
1970	Piekarski K. Fracture of bone. J Appl Phys. January 1970;41(1):215-223.
1957	Evans FG. Stress and Strain in Bones: Their Relation to Fractures and Osteogenesis. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1957.
1966	Bonfield W, Li CH. Deformation and fracture of bone. J Appl Phys. February 1966;37(2):869-875.
1968	Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The compressive properties of single osteons. Anat Rec. July 1968;161(3):377-392.

Cited By (31)

Year	Entry
1996	Egerer AK, Saha S, McMillan PJ, Rivera J. Morphology of the cement line in human bone and its relationship to bone strength. In: Proceedings of the 15th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference. March 29-31, 1996; Dayton, OH.7-10.
1975	Dickenson RP, Wall JW, Hutton WC. The impact properties of bone. In: Proceedings of the 1975 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1975; Birmingham, UK.249-256.
1994	Walsh WR, Guzelsu N. Compressive properties of cortical bone: mineral-organic interfacial bonding. Biomaterials. January 1994;15(2):137-145.
1981	Chatterji S, Wall JC, Jeffery JW. Age-related changes in the orientation and particle size of the mineral phase in human femoral cortical bone. Calcif Tiss Int. December 1981;33(6):567-574.
1974	Saha S, Hayes WC. Instrumented tensile-impact tests of bone. Exp Mech. December 1974;14(12):473-478.
1974	Pope MH, Outwater JO. Mechanical properties of bone as a function of position and orientation. J Biomech. 1974;7(1):61-66.
1976	Bonfield W, Datta PK. Fracture toughness of compact bone. J Biomech. 1976;9(3):131-134.
1977	Wright TM, Hayes WC. Fracture mechanics parameters for compact bone: effects of density and specimen thickness. J Biomech. 1977;10(7):419-430.
1978	Robertson DM, Robertson D, Barrett CR. Fracture toughness, critical crack length and plastic zone size in bone. J Biomech. 1978;11(8-9):359-364.
1982	Martin RB, Burr DB. A hypothetical mechanism for the stimulation of osteonal remodelling by fatigue damage. J Biomech. 1982;15(3):137-139.
1986	Fischer RA, Arms SW, Pope MH, Seligson D. Analysis of the effect of using two different strain rates on the acoustic emission in bone. J Biomech. 1986;19(2):119-127.
1986	Corondan G, Haworth WL. A fractographic study of human long bone. J Biomech. 1986;19(3):207-218.
1987	Bonfield W. Advances in the fracture mechanics of cortical bone. J Biomech. 1987;20(11-12):1071-1081.
1996	Courtney AC, Hayes WC, Gibson LJ. Age-related differences in post-yield damage in human cortical bone: experiment and model. J Biomech. November 1996;29(11):1463-1471.
2006	Bigley RF, Griffin LV, Christensen L, Vandenbosch R. Osteon interfacial strength and histomorphometry of equine cortical bone. J Biomech. 2006;39(9):1629-1640.
1987	Krause WR. Orthogonal bone cutting: saw design and operating characteristics. J Biomech Eng. August 1987;109(3):263-271.
1994	Zioupos P, Currey JD. The extent of microcracking and the morphology of microcracks in damaged bone. J Mater Sci. 1994;29(4):978-986.
2002	Les CM, Stover SM, Keyak JH, Taylor KT, Kaneps AJ. Stiff and strong compressive properties are associated with brittle post‐yield behavior in equine compact bone material. J Orthop Res. May 2002;20(2):607-614.
2003	Hiller LP, Stover SM, Gibson VA, Gibeling JC, Prater CS, Hazelwood SJ, Yeh OC, Martin RB. Osteon pullout in the equine third metacarpal bone: effects of ex vivo fatigue. J Orthop Res. May 2003;21(3):481-488.
1974	Pope MH, Murphy MC. Fracture energy of bone in a shear mode. Med Biol Eng. November 1974;12(6):763-767.
2004	Pithioux M, Subit D, Chabrand P. Comparison of compact bone failure under two different loading rates: experimental and modelling approaches. Med Eng Phys. 2004;26(8):647-653.
2000	Akkus O. The Relation of Microdamage to Fracture and Material Property Degradation in Human Cortical Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; August 2000.
2002	Egerer AK. The Relationship Between the Osteonal Cement Line and Bone Strength [PhD thesis]. Loma Linda University; June 2002.
2001	Mesfar W. Etude du frottement non linéaire isotropique et anisotropique: Relations constitutives et application par la methode des éléments finis [Master's thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; June 2001.
2017	Fung A. Experimental Validation of Finite Element Predicted Bone Strain in the Human Metatarsal [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; April 2017.
2002	Beardsley CL. Development of Quantitative Measures for Bone Comminution Severity [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; May 2002.
1996	Beck BR. The Relationship of Streaming Potential Magnitude to Strain and Periosteal Modeling [PhD thesis]. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon; December 1996.
1985	Schaffler MB. Stiffness and Fatigue of Compact Bone At Physiological Strains and Strain Rates [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1985.
1998	Yeni YN. Fracture Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone: The Relationship of Geometry, Microstructure and Composition With the Fracture of the Tibia, Femoral Shaft and the Femoral Neck [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1998.
2001	Parsamian GP. Damage Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 2001.
1993	Sedman AJ. Mechanical Failure and Antler: The Accumulation of Bone of Damage [PhD thesis]. York, UK: University of York; September 1993.