Lumbar intradiscal pressure:​ experimental studies on post-mortem material

Nachemson, Alf

Year	Entry
1970	Hirsch C. Biomechanics in orthopedic surgery: an account of aims and methods. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:125-140.
1973	Nachemson A, Elfström G. Intravital measurement of forces in the human spine: their clinical implications for low back pain and scoliosis. In: Kenedi RM, ed. Perspectives in Biomedical Engineering: Proceedings of a Symposium Organised in Association With the Biological Engineering Society and Held in the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, June 1972. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press; 1973:111-119.
2007	Kemper A, McNally C, Manoogian S, McNeely D, Duma S. Stiffness properties of human lumbar intervertebral discs in compression and the influence of strain rate. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2017	Arun MWJ, Hadagali P, Driesslein K, Curry W, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Biomechanics of lumbar motion-segments in dynamic compression. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2017;61:1-25. SAE 2017-22-0001.
1963	Nachemson A. The influence of spinal movements on the lumbar intradiscal pressure and on the tensile stresses in the annulus fibrosus. Acta Orthop Scand. 1963;33(1-4):183-207.
1967	Galante JO. Tensile properties of the human lumbar annulus fibrosus. Acta Orthop Scand. 1967;(suppl 100):1-91.
1967	Hirsch C, Galante J. Laboratory conditions for tensile tests in annulus fibrosus from human intervertebral discs. Acta Orthop Scand. 1967;38(2):148-162.
1968	Tkaczuk H. Tensile properties of human lumbar longitudinal ligaments. Acta Orthop Scand. 1968;39(suppl 115):1-69.
1966	Nachemson A. The load on lumbar disks in different positions of the body. Clin Orthop Relat Res. March–March 1966;45:107-122.
2009	Dai Y, Niebur GL. A semi-automated method for hexahedral mesh construction of human vertebrae from CT scans. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 2009;12(5):599-606.
1981	Kazarian L. Injuries to the human spinal column: biomechanics and injury classification. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. January 1981;9(1):297-352.
1974	Prasad P, King AI, Ewing CL. The role of articular facets during +G_z acceleration. J Appl Mech. June 1974;41(2):321-326.
1996	Ishihara H, McNally DS, Urban JP, Hall AC. Effects of hydrostatic pressure on matrix synthesis in different regions of the intervertebral disk. J Appl Physiol. March 1996;80(3):839-846.
1968	Nachemson AL, Evans JH. Some mechanical properties of the third human lumbar interlaminar ligament (ligamentum flavum). J Biomech. August 1968;1(3):211-220.
1974	Belytschko T, Kulak RF, Schultz AB, Galante JO. Finite element stress analysis of an intervertebral disc. J Biomech. May 1974;7(3):277-285.
1978	Lin HS, Lui YK, Ray G, Nikravesh P. Systems identification for material properties of the intervertebral joint. J Biomech. 1978;11(1-2):1-14.
1979	Andersson GBJ, Schultz AB. Effects of fluid injection on mechanical properties of intervertebral discs. J Biomech. 1979;12(6):453-458.
1985	McGill SM, Norman RW. Dynamically and statically determined low back moments during lifting. J Biomech. 1985;18(12):877-885.
1986	Koeller W, Muehlhaus S, Meier W, Hartmann F. Biomechanical properties of human intervertebral discs subjected to axial dynamic compression: influence of age and degeneration. J Biomech. 1986;19(10):807-816.
1988	Smeathers JE, Joanes DN. Dynamic compressive properties of human lumbar intervertebral joints: a comparison between fresh and thawed specimens. J Biomech. 1988;21(5):425-433.
1989	Shirazi-Adl A. On the fibre composite material models of disc annulus: comparison of predicted stresses. J Biomech. 1989;22(4):357-365.
1993	Linde F, Sørensen HCF. The effect of different storage methods on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. J Biomech. 1993;26(10):1249-1252.
1995	McCubbrey DA, Cody DD, Peterson EL, Kuhn JL, Flynn MJ, Goldstein SA. Static and fatigue failure properties of thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies and their relation to regional density. J Biomech. August 1995;28(8):891-899.
1997	Iatridis JC, Setton LA, Weidenbaum M, Mow VC. The viscoelastic behavior of the non-degenerate human lumbar nucleus pulposus in shear. J Biomech. October 1997;30(10):1005-1013.
1998	Iatridis JC, Setton LA, Foster RJ, Rawlins BA, Weidenbaum M, Mow VC. Degeneration affects the anisotropic and nonlinear behaviors of human anulus fibrosus in compression. J Biomech. June 1998;31(6):535-544.
2004	Pollintine P, Przybyla AS, Dolan P, Adams MA. Neural arch load-bearing in old and degenerated spines. J Biomech. February 2004;37(2):197-204.
2017	Bassani T, Stucovitz E, Qian Z, Briguglio M, Galbusera F. Validation of the AnyBody full body musculoskeletal model in computing lumbar spine loads at L4L5 level. J Biomech. June 14, 2017;58:89-96.
2023	Minster P-H, Lafon Y, Beillas P. Implications of range of motion requirements for the laxity of ligaments in a lumbar finite element model. J Biomech. February 2023;148:111460.
1979	Schultz AB, Warwick DN, Berkson MH, Nachemson AL. Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments, I: responses in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion. J Biomech Eng. February 1979;101(1):46-52.
1981	Tencer AF, Ahmed AM. The role of secondary variables in the measurement of the mechanical properties of the lumbar intervertebral joint. J Biomech Eng. August 1981;103(3):129-137.
1982	Reuber M, Schultz A, Denis F, Spencer D. Bulging of lumbar intervertebral disks. J Biomech Eng. August 1982;104(3):187-192.
1986	Spilker RL, Jakobs DM, Schultz AB. Material constants for a finite element model of the intervertebral disk with a fiber composite annulus. J Biomech Eng. February 1986;108(1):1-11.
2003	Baer AE, Laursen TA, Guilak F, Setton LA. The micromechanical environment of intervertebral disc cells determined by a finite deformation, anisotropic, and biphasic finite element model. J Biomech Eng. February 2003;125(1):1-11.
1964	Nachemson A, Morris JM. In vivo measurements of intradiscal pressure: discometry, a method for the determination of pressure in the lower lumbar discs. J Bone Joint Surg. July 1964;46A(5):1077-1092.
1978	Lin HS, Liu YK, Adams KH. Mechanical response of the lumbar intervertebral joint under physiological (complex) loading. J Bone Joint Surg. January 1978;60A(1):41-55.
1985	Panjabi MM, Krag M, Summers D, Videman T. Biomechanical time-tolerance of fresh cadaveric human spine specimens. J Orthop Res. 1985;3(3):292-300.
1986	Panjabi MM, Summers DJ, Pelker RR, Videman T, Friedlaender GE, Southwick WO. Three-dimensional load-displacement curves due to forces on the cervical spine. J Orthop Res. 1986;4(2):152-161.
1991	Janevic J, Ashton-Miller JA, Schultz AB. Large compressive preloads decrease lumbar motion segment flexibility. J Orthop Res. March 1991;9(2):228-236.
1995	Ohshima H, Urban JPG, Bergel DH. Effect of static load on matrix synthesis rates in the intervertebral disc measured in vitro by a new perfusion technique. J Orthop Res. January 1995;13(1):22-29.
1997	Iatridis JC, Setton LA, Weidenbaum M, Mow VC. Alterations in the mechanical behavior of the human lumbar nucleus pulposus with degeneration and aging. J Orthop Res. March 1997;15(2):318-322.
1993	Crowell RR, Shea M, Edwards WT, Clothiaux PL, White AA III, Hayes WC. Cervical injuries under flexion and compression loading. J Spinal Disord. April 1993;6(2):175-181.
1991	Faulkner KG, Cann CE, Hasegawa BH. Effect of bone distribution on vertebral strength: assessment with patient-specific nonlinear finite element analysis. Radiology. June 1991;179(3):669-674.
1979	Nachemson AL, Schultz AB, Berkson MH. Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments: influences of age, sex, disc level, and degeneration. Spine. January–February 1979;4(1):1-8.
1980	Hansson T, Roos B, Nachemson A. The bone mineral content and ultimate compressive strength of lumbar vertebrae. Spine. January–February 1980;5(1):46-55.
1980	Hickey DS, Hukins DWL. Relation between the structure of the annulus fibrosus and the function and failure of the intervertebral disc. Spine. March–April 1980;5(2):106-116.
1981	Nachemson AL. Disc pressure measurements. Spine. January–February 1981;6(1):93-97.
1981	Horst M, Brinckmann P. Measurement of the distribution of axial stress on the end-plate of the vertebral body. Spine. May–June 1981;6(3):217-232.
1984	Shirazi-Adl SA, Shrivastava SC, Ahmed A. Stress analysis of the lumbar disc-body unit in compression: a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element study. Spine. March 1984;9(2):120-134.
1984	Yang KH, King AI. Mechanism of facet load transmission as a hypothesis for low-back pain. Spine. September 1984;9(6):557-565.
1984	Willén J, Lindahl S, Irstam L, Aldman B, Nordwall A. The thoracolumbar crush fracture an experimental study on instant axial dynamic loading: the resulting fracture type and its stability. Spine. September 1984;9(6):624-631.
1986	Kurowski P, Kubo A. The relationship of degeneration of the intervertebral disc to mechanical loading conditions on lumbar vertebrae. Spine. 1986;11(7):726-731.
1987	Hansson TH, Keller TS, Panjabi MM. A study of the compressive properties of lumbar vertebral trabeculae: effects of tissue characteristics. Spine. January–February 1987;12(1):56-62.
1988	Miller JAA, Schmatz C, Schultz AB. Lumbar disc degeneration: correlation with age, sex, and spine level in 600 autopsy specimens. Spine. February 1988;13(2):173-178.
1989	Brinckmann P, Biggemann M, Hilweg D. Prediction of the compressive strength of human lumbar vertebrae. Spine. June 1989;14(6):606-610.
1989	Keller TS, Hansson TH, Abram AC, Spengler DM, Panjabi MM. Regional variations in the compressive properties of lumbar vertebral trabeculae: effects of disc degeneration. Spine. September 1989;14(9):1012-1019.
1990	Thompson JP, Pearce RH, Schechter MT, Adams ME, Tsang IK, Bishop PB. Preliminary evaluation of a scheme for grading the gross morphology of the human intervertebral disc. Spine. May 1990;15(5):411-415.
1992	McNally DS, Adams MA. Internal intervertebral disc mechanics as revealed by stress profilometry. Spine. January 1992;17(1):66-73.
1994	Natarajan RN, Ke JH, Andersson GBJ. A model to study the disc degeneration process. Spine. February 1, 1994;19(3):259-265.
1995	Acaroglu ER, Iatridis JC, Setton LA, Foster RJ, Mow VC, Weidenbaum M. Degeneration and aging affect the tensile behavior of human lumbar anulus fibrosus. Spine. December 15, 1995;20(24):2690-2701.
1996	Ebara S, Iatridis JC, Setton LA, Foster RJ, Mow VC, Weidenbaum M. Tensile properties of nondegenerate human lumbar anulus fibrosus. Spine. March 15, 1996;21(4):452-461.
1996	Iatridis JC, Weidenbaum M, Setton LA, Mow VC. Is the nucleus pulposus a solid or a fluid? mechanical behaviors of the nucleus pulposus of the human intervertebral disc. Spine. May 15, 1996;21(15):1174-1184.
1997	Silva MJ, Keaveny TM, Hayes WC. Load sharing between the shell and centrum in the lumbar vertebral body. Spine. January 1997;22(2):140-150.
1999	Wilke H-J, Neef P, Caimi M, Hoogland T, Claes LE. New in vivo measurements of pressures in the intervertebral disc in daily life. Spine. April 15, 1999;24(8):755-762.
1999	Guilak F, Ting-Beall HP, Baer AE, Trickey WR, Erickson GR, Setton LA. Viscoelastic properties of intervertebral disc cells: identification of two biomechanically distinct cell populations. Spine. December 1, 1999;24(23):2475-2483.
2000	Adams MA, Freeman BJC, Morrison HP, Nelson IW, Dolan P. Mechanical initiation of intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine. July 1, 2000;25(13):1625-1636.
2001	Dhillon N, Bass EC, Lotz JC. Effect of frozen storage on the creep behavior of human intervertebral discs. Spine. April 15, 2001;26(8):883-888.
2001	Grant JP, Oxland TR, Dvorak MF. Mapping the structural properties of the lumbosacral vertebral endplates. Spine. April 15, 2001;26(8):889-896.
2001	Cao KD, Grimm MJ, Yang K-H. Load sharing within a human lumbar vertebral body using the finite element method. Spine. June 5, 2001;26(12):E253-E260.
2019	Beaucage-Gauvreau E. Brace for it: Assessing Lumbar Spinal Loads for a Braced Arm-to-Thigh Lifting and Bending Technique Using a Musculoskeletal Modelling Approach [PhD thesis]. University of Adelaide; June 2019.
2016	DelMonaco AM. Quantifying the Spatial Distribution of Intradiscal Pressure and Its Assessment Via Non-Invasive Estimates of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration [Master's thesis]. Boston University; 2016.
2006	Warden KE. Localized Trabecular Damage Adjacent to Interbody Fusion Devices [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; May 2006.
1996	Iatridis JC. Biomechanics of the Anulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus of the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and the Effects of Degeneration [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 1996.
2020	Sloan SR Jr. Tissue-Engineered Annulus Fibrosus Repair and Nucleus Pulposus Augmentation in Pre-Clinical Models of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; May 2020.
2004	Joshi AB. Mechanical Behavior of the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc With Polymeric Hydrogel Nucleus Implant: An Experimental and Finite Element Study [PhD thesis]. Drexel University; February 2004.
2006	Thomas JD. Development of Injectable Hydrogels for Nucleus Pulposus Replacement [PhD thesis]. Drexel University; June 2006.
2012	Isaacs JL. Micromechanics of the Annulus Fibrosus: Role of Biomolecules in Mechanical Function [PhD thesis]. Drexel University; May 2012.
2013	Jamison D IV. Mechanical Characterization of the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Subjected to Impact Loading Conditions [PhD thesis]. Drexel University; August 2013.
1999	Elliott DM. The Fiber-Induced Anisotropic Material Behaviors of the Anulus Fibrosus of the Intervertebral Disc in Tension [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 1999.
2001	Baer AE. The Micromechanical Environment of Intervertebral Disc Cells [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2001.
2008	Cao L. Micromechanics of the Pericellular Matrix and Cells in the Intervertebral Disc: Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling Based on in Situ Morphology [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2008.
2017	Torstrick FB. Effects of Surface Chemistry and Surface Topography on Polyether-Ether-Ketone Osseointegration [PhD thesis]. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology; December 2017.
2002	Cheung T-mJ. A Finite Element Study of the Effects of Mechanical Loading on the Fluid Flow and Biomechanical Response of the Intervertebral Disc [Master's thesis]. Hong Kong Polytechnic University; September 2002.
2016	Spurrier EJ. Spinal Injury in Underbody Blast [MD thesis]. Imperial College London; 2016.
2017	Christou A. Modelling Spinal Injury Due to High-Rate Axial Loading [PhD thesis]. Imperial College London; June 2017.
1985	Yoganandan N. Mechanical Factors and the Threshold of Trauma of the Intervertebral Joint: A Finite Element Analysis With Experimental Validation [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; December 1985.
1981	Tencer A. The Mechanical Properties of the Human Lumbar Spine [PhD thesis]. McGill University; April 1981.
2004	Yao H. Physical Signals and Solute Transport in Cartilaginous Tissues [PhD thesis]. University of Miami; August 2004.
2020	Honegger JD. Multiscale Modeling of the Lumbar Spine to Investigate Tissue-Level Load Transfer During Activities of Daily Living [PhD thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020.
1996	Silva MJ. Predicting the Failure Behavior of the Human Vertebral Body [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; February 1996.
2015	Bruno AG. Investigation of Spine Loading to Understand Vertebral Fractures [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; June 2015.
2018	Long RG. Repair of Herniated Intervertebral Discs: Designing and Translating Annulus Fibrosus Sealants [PhD thesis]. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; 2018.
2009	Dai Y. Subject-Specific Computational Modeling of Spinal Constructs [PhD thesis]. University of Notre Dame; April 2009.
2011	Hollingsworth NT. Constitutive Modeling and Damage Mechanics of the Annulus Fibrosus [PhD thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2011.
2015	Shahvarpour A. Biomechanical Response of Trunk Under Perturbations and in Challenged Seated Balance [PhD thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; November 2015.
2019	Ghezelbash F. Subject-Specific Computational Musculoskeletal Modeling of Human Trunk in Lifting: Role of Age, Sex, Body Weight and Body Height [PhD thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; December 2019.
1999	Cripton PA. Load-Sharing in the Human Cervical Spine [PhD thesis]. Queen's University; November 1999.
2018	Costa MC. Prediction of the Risk of Vertebral Fracture in Patients With Metastatic Bone Lesions as a Tool for More Effective Patients’ Management [PhD thesis]. University of Sheffield; November 2018.
2021	Malakoutian M. Biomechanical Properties of Paraspinal Muscles and Their Influence on Spinal Loading: An Experimental and Computational Investigation [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; May 2021.
1990	Faulkner KG. Quantitative Computed Tomography and Finite Element Modeling to Predict Vertebral Fractures [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; June 1990.
2009	Metzger MF. Evaluation of Spinal Reconstructive Surgeries Using Multi-Body System Dynamics [PhD thesis]. San Francisco, University of California; 2009.
1993	Gilbertson LG. Mechanisms of Fracture and Biomechanics of Orthoses in Thoracolumbar Injuries [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; August 1993.
2008	Moss IL. Modified-Hyaluronan and Elastin-Like Polypeptide Composite Material for Tissue Engineering of the Nucleus Pulposus [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2008.
2010	Leckie AE. Mechanical Evaluation of a Thiol-Modified Hyaluronan Elastin-Like Polypeptide Nucleus Pulposus Replacement Material in Porcine Intervertebral Discs [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2010.
2007	Scannell JP. In Vitro and in Vivo Biomechanical Investigation of the Clinical Practice of Disc Prolapse Prevention and Rehabilitation [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2007.
2008	Drake JDM. Axial Twist Loading of the Spine: Modulators of Injury Mechanisms and the Potential for Pain Generation [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2008.
2010	Langohr GDG. Cervical Total Level Arthroplasty System With PEEK All-Polymer Articulations [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2010.
2017	McKinnon CD. Axial Twist of the Lumbar Spine: Mechanical Responses to Twisted Postures and Potential Factors for Workplace Injury [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2017.
2021	Tibert N. Non-Pharmacological Management of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: A Qualitative Analysis of Patient and Health-Care Professional Perspectives and Experiences [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2021.
1973	Prasad P. The Dynamic Response of the Spine During +G_Z Acceleration [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1973.
1985	Yang KH. An Experimental and Analytical Study of the Mechanism of Facet Load Transmission [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 1985.
2005	Cao KD. Development of a 4-Vertebrae, Detailed Finite Element Model of Thoracolumbar Spine [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2005.
1996	Kim Y. A Finite-Element Study of Intervertebral Cages and Spinal Bone Remodeling [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 1996.
1992	Oxland TR. Burst Fractures of the Human Thoracolumbar Spine: A Biomechanical Investigation [PhD thesis]. New Haven, CT: Yale University; May 1992.

Year	Entry
1952	Hirsch C, Schajowicz F. Studies on structural changes in the lumbar annulus fibrosus. Acta Orthop Scand. 1952;22(1-4):184-231.
1959	Evans FG, Lissner HR. Biomechanical studies on the lumbar spine and pelvis. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1959;41A(2):278-290.
1957	Brown T, Hansen RJ, Yorra AJ. Some mechanical tests on the lumbosacral spine with particular reference to the intervertebral discs: a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg. October 1957;39A(5):1135-1164.
1954	Hirsch C, Nachemson A. New observations on the mechanical behavior of lumbar discs. Acta Orthop Scand. 1954;23(4):254-283.
1945	Coventry MB, Ghormley RK, Kernohan JW. The intervertebral disc: its microscopic anatomy and pathology, I: anatomy, development, and physiology. J Bone Joint Surg. January 1945;27(1):105-112.
1944	Gurdjian ES, Lissner HR. Mechanism of head injury as studied by the cathode ray oscilloscope: preliminary report. J Neurosurg. November 1944;1(6):393-399.
1949	Friberg S, Hirsch C. Anatomical and clinical studies on lumbar disc degeneration. Acta Orthop Scand. 1949;19(2):222-242.
1957	Evans FG. Stress and Strain in Bones: Their Relation to Fractures and Osteogenesis. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1957.
1904	Fick R. Handbuch Der Anatomie Und Mechanik Der Gelenke: Unter Berücksichtigung Der Bewegenden Muskeln. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer; 1904.
1876	Rauber AA. Elasticität Und Festigkeit Der Knochen: Anatomisch-Physiologische Studie. Leipzig, Germany: Verlag Von Wilhelm Engelmann; 1876.
1951	Virgin WJ. Experimental investigations into the physical properties of the intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg. November 1951;33B(4):607-611.
1957	Perey O. Fracture of the vertebral end-plate in the lumbar spine: an experimental biomechanical investigation. Acta Orthop Scand. 1957;28(suppl 25):1-101.
1880	Messerer O. Über Elasticität und Festigkeit der menschlichen Knochen. Stuttgart, Germany: Cotta; 1880.
1955	Hirsch C. The reaction of intervertebral discs to compression forces. J Bone Joint Surg. December 1955;37A(6):1188-1196.