New observations on the mechanical behavior of lumbar discs

Hirsch, Carl; Nachemson, Alf

Year	Entry
1957	Evans FG. Stress and Strain in Bones: Their Relation to Fractures and Osteogenesis. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1957.
2015	Stemper BD, Pintar FA, Baisden JL. Lumbar spine injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:451-470.
1975	Nagel DA, Perkash I, Piziali RL, Hayes WC. Mechanics of dorsal-lumbar spine injury: a preliminary report. In: 19th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 20, 1975; San Diego, CA.124-136.
1965	Evans FG, Lissner HR. Studies on the energy absorbing capacity of human lumbar intervertebral discs. In: Severy DM, ed. Proceedings of the 7th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. 1963; University of California at Los Angeles. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1965:386-402.
1966	Stapp JP. Review of air force research on biodynamics of collision injury. In: Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-9, 1966; Hollomon Air Force Base, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:325-342. SAE 660805.
1957	Perey O. Fracture of the vertebral end-plate in the lumbar spine: an experimental biomechanical investigation. Acta Orthop Scand. 1957;28(suppl 25):1-101.
1960	Nachemson A. Lumbar intradiscal pressure: experimental studies on post-mortem material. Acta Orthop Scand. 1960;31(suppl 43):1-104.
1967	Galante JO. Tensile properties of the human lumbar annulus fibrosus. Acta Orthop Scand. 1967;(suppl 100):1-91.
1968	Tkaczuk H. Tensile properties of human lumbar longitudinal ligaments. Acta Orthop Scand. 1968;39(suppl 115):1-69.
1989	Eriksson SAV, Isberg BO, Lindgren JU. Prediction of vertebral strength by dual photon absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Calcif Tiss Int. April 1989;44(4):243-250.
1966	Nachemson A. The load on lumbar disks in different positions of the body. Clin Orthop Relat Res. March–March 1966;45:107-122.
1974	Belytschko T, Kulak RF, Schultz AB, Galante JO. Finite element stress analysis of an intervertebral disc. J Biomech. May 1974;7(3):277-285.
1975	Panjabi MM, White AA III, Johnson RM. Cervical spine mechanics as a function of transection of components. J Biomech. September 1975;8(5):327-336.
1976	Panjabi MM, Brand RA Jr, White AA III. Three-dimensional flexibility and stiffness properties of the human thoracic spine. J Biomech. 1976;9(4):185-192.
1986	Koeller W, Muehlhaus S, Meier W, Hartmann F. Biomechanical properties of human intervertebral discs subjected to axial dynamic compression: influence of age and degeneration. J Biomech. 1986;19(10):807-816.
1988	Moroney SP, Schultz AB, Miller JAA, Andersson GBJ. Load-displacement properties of lower cervical spine motion segments. J Biomech. 1988;21(9):769-779.
1989	Yoganandan N, Ray G, Pintar FA, Myklebust JB, Sances A Jr. Stiffness and strain energy criteria to evaluate the threshold of injury to an intervertebral joint. J Biomech. 1989;22(2):135-142.
1982	Reuber M, Schultz A, Denis F, Spencer D. Bulging of lumbar intervertebral disks. J Biomech Eng. August 1982;104(3):187-192.
1982	Tencer AF, Ahmed AM, Burke DL. Some static mechanical properties of the lumbar intervertebral joint, intact and injured. J Biomech Eng. August 1982;104(3):193-201.
1957	Brown T, Hansen RJ, Yorra AJ. Some mechanical tests on the lumbosacral spine with particular reference to the intervertebral discs: a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg. October 1957;39A(5):1135-1164.
1959	Evans FG, Lissner HR. Biomechanical studies on the lumbar spine and pelvis. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1959;41A(2):278-290.
1972	Markolf KL. Deformation of the thoracolumbar intervertebral joints in response to external loads: a biomechanical study using autopsy material. J Bone Joint Surg. April 1972;54A(3):511-533.
2012	Weisse B, Aiyangar A, Affolter C, Gander R, Terrasi GP, Ploeg H. Determination of the translational and rotational stiffnesses of a L4-L5 functional spinal unit using a specimen-specific finite element model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. September 2012;13:45-61.
1980	Panjabi MM, White AA III. Basic biomechanics of the spine. Neurosurgery. July 1980;7(1):76-93.
1980	Hansson T, Roos B, Nachemson A. The bone mineral content and ultimate compressive strength of lumbar vertebrae. Spine. January–February 1980;5(1):46-55.
1981	Nachemson AL. Disc pressure measurements. Spine. January–February 1981;6(1):93-97.
1981	Horst M, Brinckmann P. Measurement of the distribution of axial stress on the end-plate of the vertebral body. Spine. May–June 1981;6(3):217-232.
1983	Brinckmann P, Frobin W, Hierholzer E, Horst M. Deformation of the vertebral end-plate under axial loading of the spine. Spine. November–December 1983;8(8):851-856.
1984	Shirazi-Adl SA, Shrivastava SC, Ahmed A. Stress analysis of the lumbar disc-body unit in compression: a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element study. Spine. March 1984;9(2):120-134.
1984	Brickley-Parsons D, Glimcher MJ. Is the chemistry of collagen in intervertebral discs an expression of Wolff's Law? a study of the human lumbar spine. Spine. March 1984;9(2):148-163.
1995	Acaroglu ER, Iatridis JC, Setton LA, Foster RJ, Mow VC, Weidenbaum M. Degeneration and aging affect the tensile behavior of human lumbar anulus fibrosus. Spine. December 15, 1995;20(24):2690-2701.
2015	Oxland TR. A history of spine biomechanics: focus on 20th century progress. Unfallchirurg. December 2015;118(suppl 1):80-92.
1996	Iatridis JC. Biomechanics of the Anulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus of the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and the Effects of Degeneration [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 1996.
2004	Joshi AB. Mechanical Behavior of the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc With Polymeric Hydrogel Nucleus Implant: An Experimental and Finite Element Study [PhD thesis]. Drexel University; February 2004.
2002	Cheung T-mJ. A Finite Element Study of the Effects of Mechanical Loading on the Fluid Flow and Biomechanical Response of the Intervertebral Disc [Master's thesis]. Hong Kong Polytechnic University; September 2002.
1986	Pintar FA. The Biomechanics of Spinal Elements [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; December 1986.
2011	Storvik SG. Development of an Experimental Model to Quantify Lumbar Spine Kinematics During Military Seat Ejection [Master's thesis]. Marquette University; August 2011.
2022	Cotter TR. Development of a Real-Time Physics-Based Spinal Fusion Training Simulator for Lumbar Discectomy [PhD thesis]. McGill University; April 2022.
2000	Doehring TC. Delineation of in-Vitro Lumbar Spine Structural Properties Using a Robotic/UFS Testing System With Hybrid Control: Experiments and Analytical Simulation [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2000.
2013	Cammarata M. Facteurs biomécaniques de risques de la cyphose jonctionnelle proximale [Master's thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; December 2013.
1987	Schlaepfer JF. Development of a Technique to Estimate the in Vivo Spinal Load [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; February 1987.
1990	Faulkner KG. Quantitative Computed Tomography and Finite Element Modeling to Predict Vertebral Fractures [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; June 1990.
1984	Moroney SP. Mechanical Properties and Muscle Force Analyses of the Lower Cervical Spine [PhD thesis]. University of Illinois at Chicago; 1984.
2011	Howarth SJ. Mechanical Response of the Porcine Cervical Spine to Acute and Repetitive Anterior-Posterior Shear [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2011.
2014	Gooyers CE. Exploring Interactions Between Force, Repetition and Posture on Low Back Joint Loading and Intervertebral Disc Injury [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2014.
1992	Oxland TR. Burst Fractures of the Human Thoracolumbar Spine: A Biomechanical Investigation [PhD thesis]. New Haven, CT: Yale University; May 1992.

Year	Entry
1952	Hirsch C, Schajowicz F. Studies on structural changes in the lumbar annulus fibrosus. Acta Orthop Scand. 1952;22(1-4):184-231.
1911	Fick R. Handbuch Der Anatomie Und Mechanik Der Gelenke: Unter Berücksichtigung Der Bewegenden Muskeln. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer; 1911.
1904	Fick R. Handbuch Der Anatomie Und Mechanik Der Gelenke: Unter Berücksichtigung Der Bewegenden Muskeln. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer; 1904.