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Evans, F. Gaynor
1
; Lebow, Milton
1
Regional differences in some of the physical properties of the human femur
J Appl Physiol
. 1951;3(9):563-572
Affiliations
1
Departments of Anatomy and Engineering Mechanics,
Wayne University
, Detroit Michigan
Links
URL:
http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/3/9/563
PubMed:
14824039
WoS:
A1951YB57200007
History
Received: 1950-11-16
Cited Works (2)
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1880
Messerer O. Über Elasticität und Festigkeit der menschlichen Knochen. Stuttgart, Germany: Cotta; 1880.
1876
Rauber AA.
Elasticität Und Festigkeit Der Knochen: Anatomisch-Physiologische Studie
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Cited By (108)
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1957
Evans FG.
Stress and Strain in Bones: Their Relation to Fractures and Osteogenesis
. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1957.
1973
Evans FG.
Mechanical Properties of Bone
. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1973.
1970
Gurdjian ES, Gonzales D, Hodgson VR, Thomas LM, Greenberg SW. Comparisons of research in inanimate and biologic material: artifacts and pitfalls. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds.
Impact Injury and Crash Protection
. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:234-253.
1970
Evans FG. Impact tolerance of human pelvic and long bones. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds.
Impact Injury and Crash Protection
. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:402-417.
2001
Turner CH, Burr DB. Experimental techniques for bone mechanics. In: Cowin SC, ed.
Bone Mechanics Handbook
. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:7-1–7-35.
2011
Ferguson VL, Olesiak SE. Nanoindentation of bone. In: Oyen ML, ed.
Handbook of Nanoindentation With Biological Applications
. Singapore: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd; 2011:185-237.
1972
Kummer BKF. Biomechanics of bone: mechanical properties, functional structure, functional adaptation. In: Fung YC, Perrone N, Anliker M, eds.
Biomechanics: Its Foundations and Objectives
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1990
Cowin SC. Properties of cortical bone and theory of bone remodeling. In: Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Woo SL-Y, eds.
Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints
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2004
Kemper AR, McNally C, Kennedy EA, Manoogian SJ, Rath AL, Stitzel JD, Duma SM, Matsuoka F, Hasegawa J. Methods for dynamic material testing of human cortical bone specimens. In:
Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research
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1974
Wall JC, Hutton WC, Cyron BM. The effects of age and strain rate on the mechanical properties of bone. In:
Proceedings of the International Meeting on the Biomechanics of Trauma in Children
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1993
Kress TA, Snider JN, Porta DJ, Fuller PM, Wasserman JF, Tucker GV. Human femur response to impact loading. In:
Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact
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2021
Schubert A, Erlinger N, Leo C, Iraeus J, John J, Klug C. Development of a 50th percentile female femur model. In:
Proceedings of the 2021 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury
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1968
Greenberg SW, Gonzalez D, Gurdjian ES, Thomas LM. Changes in physical properties of bone between the in vivo, freshly dead, and embalmed conditions. In:
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2007
Kemper AR, McNally C, Pullins CA, Freeman LJ, Duma SM, Rouhana SW. The biomechanics of human ribs: material and structural properties from dynamic tension and bending tests.
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2009
Ivarsson BJ, Genovese D, Crandall JR, Bolton JR, Untaroiu CD, Bose D. The tolerance of the femoral shaft in combined axial compression and bending loading.
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1958
Amprino R. Investigations on some physical properties of bone tissue.
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1958
Evans FG. Relations between the microscopic structure and tensile strength of human bone.
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1964
Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The ultimate tensile strength of single osteons.
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1965
Sedlin ED. A rheologic model for cortical bone: a study of physical properties of human femoral samples.
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1965
Hirsch C, Evans FG. Studies on some physical properties of infant compact bone.
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1967
Galante JO. Tensile properties of the human lumbar annulus fibrosus.
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1967
Lindahl O, Lindgren ÅGH. Cortical bone in man, II: variation in tensile strength with age and sex.
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1976
Smith CB, Smith DA. Relations between age, mineral density and mechanical properties of human femoral compacta.
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1952
Dempster WT, Liddicoat RT. Compact bone as a non-isotropic material.
Am J Anat
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1967
Evans FG, Bang S. Differences and relationships between the physical properties and the microscopic structure of human femoral, tibial and fibular cortical bone.
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1952
Evans FG, Lebow M. The strength of human compact bone as revealed by engineering technics.
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1967
Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The tensile properties of single osteons.
Acta Anat
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1968
Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The compressive properties of single osteons.
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1972
Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The shearing properties of single osteons.
Anat Rec
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1976
Evans FG. Mechanical properties and histology of cortical bone from younger and older men.
Anat Rec
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1993
Turner CH, Burr DB. Basic biomechanical measurements of bone: a tutorial.
Bone
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1998
Yeni YN, Brown CU, Norman TL. Influence of bone composition and apparent density on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia.
Bone
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2008
Nyman JS, Ni Q, Nicolella DP, Wang X. Measurements of mobile and bound water by nuclear magnetic resonance correlate with mechanical properties of bone.
Bone
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2015
Unal M, Akkus O. Raman spectral classification of mineral- and collagen-bound water's associations to elastic and post-yield mechanical properties of cortical bone.
Bone
. December 2015;81:315-326.
1979
Wall JC, Chatterji SK, Jeffery JW. Age-related changes in the density and tensile strength of human femoral cortical bone.
Calcif Tiss Int
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2015
Granke M, Does MD, Nyman JS. The role of water compartments in the material properties of cortical bone.
Calcif Tiss Int
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1970
Galante J, Rostoker W, Ray RD. Physical properties of trabecular bone.
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1970
Currey JD. The mechanical properties of bone.
Clin Orthop Relat Res
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2009
Currey J. Measurement of the mechanical properties of bone: a recent history.
Clin Orthop Relat Res
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1974
Saha S, Hayes WC. Instrumented tensile-impact tests of bone.
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1959
Vose GP, Kubala AL Jr. Bone strength: its relationship to x-ray determined ash content.
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1959
Smith JW, Walmsley R. Factors affecting the elasticity of bone.
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1959
Currey JD. Differences in the tensile strength of bone of different histological types.
J Anat
. January 1959;93(1):87-95.
1964
McElhaney J, Fogle J, Byars E, Weaver G. Effect of embalming on the mechanical properties of beef bone.
J Appl Physiol
. November 1964;19(6):1234-1236.
1969
Evans FG, Vincentelli R. Relation of collagen fiber orientation to some mechanical properties of human cortical bone.
J Biomech
. 1969;2(1):63-73.
1971
Wood JL. Dynamic response of human cranial bone.
J Biomech
. January 1971;4(1):1-12.
1971
Vincentelli R, Evans FG. Relations among mechanical properties, collagen fibers, and calcification in adult human cortical bone.
J Biomech
. May 1971;4(3):193-201.
1971
Katz JL. Hard tissue as a composite material, I: bounds on the elastic behavior.
J Biomech
. October 1971;4(5):455-473.
1974
Barnes GRG, Pinder DN. In vivo tendon tension and bone strain measurement and correlation.
J Biomech
. January 1974;7(1):35-42.
1974
Pope MH, Outwater JO. Mechanical properties of bone as a function of position and orientation.
J Biomech
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1976
Jendrucko RJ, Hymak WA, Newell PH Jr, Chakrabort BK. Theoretical evidence for the generation of high pressure in bone cells.
J Biomech
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1976
Saha S, Hayes WC. Tensile impact properties of human compact bone.
J Biomech
. 1976;9(4):243-251.
1976
Yoon HS, Katz JL. Ultrasonic wave propagation in human cortical bone, I: theoretical considerations for hexagonal symmetry.
J Biomech
. 1976;9(6):407-412.
1976
Yoon HS, Katz JL. Ultrasonic wave propagation in human cortical bone, II: measurements of elastic properties and microhardness.
J Biomech
. 1976;9(7):459-464.
1979
Alto A, Pope MH. On the fracture toughness of equine metacarpi.
J Biomech
. 1979;12(6):415-421.
1979
Kenner GH, Taylor LC, Park JB. Compressive strength of canine femur.
J Biomech
. January 1, 1979;12(7):519-526.
1982
Ascenzi A, Benvenuti A, Bonucci E. The tensile properties of single osteonic lamellae: technical problems and preliminary results.
J Biomech
. 1982;15(1):29-37.
1985
Vincentelli R, Grigoroi M. The effect of Haversian remodeling on the tensile properties of human cortical bone.
J Biomech
. 1985;18(3):201-207.
1990
Choi K, Kuhn JL, Ciarelli MJ, Goldstein SA. The elastic moduli of human subchondral, trabecular, and cortical bone tissue and the size-dependency of cortical bone modulus.
J Biomech
. 1990;23(11):1103-1113.
1997
Les CM, Stover SM, Keyak JH, Taylor KT, Willits NH. The distribution of material properties in the equine third metacarpal bone serves to enhance sagittal bending.
J Biomech
. April 1997;30(4):355-361.
2003
Yeni YN, Fyhrie DP. A rate-dependent microcrack-bridging model that can explain the strain rate dependency of cortical bone apparent yield strength.
J Biomech
. September 2003;36(9):1343-1353.
2004
Dong XN, Guo XE. The dependence of transversely isotropic elasticity of human femoral cortical bone on porosity.
J Biomech
. August 2004;37(8):1281-1287.
2006
Nyman JS, Roy A, Shen X, Acuna RL, Tyler JH, Wang X. The influence of water removal on the strength and toughness of cortical bone.
J Biomech
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2007
Lievers WB, Lee V, Arsenault SM, Waldman SD, Pilkey AK. Specimen size effect in the volumetric shrinkage of cancellous bone measured at two levels of dehydration.
J Biomech
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2011
Bi X, Patil CA, Lynch CC, Pharr GM, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Nyman JS. Raman and mechanical properties correlate at whole bone- and tissue-levels in a genetic mouse model.
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1988
Ascenzi A. The micromechanics versus the macromechanics of cortical bone: a comprehensive presentation.
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2001
Swadener JG, Rho J, Pharr GM. Effects of anisotropy on elastic moduli measured by nanoindentation in human tibial cortical bone.
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2010
Feng L, Jasiuk I. Effect of specimen geometry on tensile strength of cortical bone.
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1974
Reilly DT, Burstein AH. The mechanical properties of cortical bone.
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1976
Burstein AH, Reilly DT, Martens M. Aging of bone tissue: mechanical properties.
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1993
McCalden RW, McGeough JA, Barker MB, Court-Brown CM. Age-related changes in the tensile properties of cortical bone: the relative importance of changes in porosity, mineralization, and microstructure.
J Bone Joint Surg
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2004
Bushby AJ, Ferguson VL, Boyde A. Nanoindentation of bone: comparison of specimens tested in liquid and embedded in polymethylmethacrylate.
J Bone Miner Res
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2004
Fernández-Seara MA, Wehrli SL, Takahashi M, Wehrli FW. Water content measured by proton-deuteron exchange NMR predicts bone mineral density and mechanical properties.
J Bone Miner Res
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2009
Currey JD, Landete-Castillejos T, Estevez J, Ceacero F, Olguin A, Garcia A, Gallego L. The mechanical properties of red deer antler bone when used in fighting.
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1999
Rho J-Y, Pharr GM. Effects of drying on the mechanical properties of bovine femur measured by nanoindentation.
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2009
Espinoza Orías AA, Deuerling JM, Landrigan MD, Renaud JE, Roeder RK. Anatomic variation in the elastic anisotropy of cortical bone tissue in the human femur.
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2013
Nyman JS, Gorochow LE, Horch RA, Uppuganti S, Zein-Sabatto A, Manhard MK, Does MD. Partial removal of pore and loosely bound water by low-energy drying decreases cortical bone toughness in young and old donors.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater
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2021
Brown AD, Rafaels KA, Weerasooriya T. Shear behavior of human skull bones.
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1989
Hodgskinson R, Currey JD, Evans GP. Hardness, an indicator of the mechanical competence of cancellous bone.
J Orthop Res
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2023
Crocker DB, Hoffman I, Carter JLW, Akkus O, Rimnac CM. Fatigue crack propagation and fracture toughness of cortical bone are radiation dose-dependent.
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2011
Bonney H, Colston BJ, Goodman AM. Regional variation in the mechanical properties of cortical bone from the porcine femur.
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2005
Nyman JS, Reyes M, Wang X. Effect of ultrastructural changes on the toughness of bone.
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2009
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1994
Finlay JB, Hardie WR. Anisotropic contraction of cortical bone caused by dehydration of samples of the bovine femur in vitro.
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2016
Li B.
Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Crystals in Synovial Fluid
[PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; May 2016.
2017
Unal M.
Classification of Bound Water and Collagen Denaturation Status of Cortical Bone by Raman Spectroscopy
[PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; January 2017.
2010
Campbell SE.
Nanoindentation of Bio- and Geo-Mineralized Composites: Contribution of Microstructure and Composition
[PhD thesis]. University of Colorado; 2010.
2002
Dong X.
Micromechanics of Osteonal Cortical Bone
[PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2002.
2015
Goff M.
The Role of Micro and Ultra-Structure in Microdamage Accumulation in Cancellous Bone
[PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; August 2015.
2011
Donaldson FE.
On Incorporating Bone Microstructure in Macro-Finite-Element Models
[PhD thesis]. Edinburgh, UK: University of Edinburgh; March 2011.
2010
Feng L.
Multi-Scale Characterization of Swine Femoral Cortical Bone and Long Bone Defect Repair by Regeneration
[PhD thesis]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2010.
2009
Verschueren P.
Biomechanical Analysis of Head Injuries Related to Bicycle Accidents and a New Bicycle Helmet Concept
[PhD thesis]. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; July 2009.
2010
Delye H.
Better Bicycle Head Protection by Improving the Knowledge of the Biomechanics of Head Injuries
[PhD thesis]. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; March 2010.
2011
Abdel-Wahab AA-GM.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Deformation and Fracture of Cortical Bone Tissue
[PhD thesis]. Loughborough University; August 2011.
2002
Egerer AK.
The Relationship Between the Osteonal Cement Line and Bone Strength
[PhD thesis]. Loma Linda University; June 2002.
2009
Lievers WB.
Effects of Geometric and Material Property Changes on the Apparent Elastic Properties of Cancellous Bone
[PhD thesis]. Queen's University; April 2009.
1974
Frasca P.
Structure and Dynamic Mechanical Properties Op Human Single Osteons
[PhD thesis]. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; May 1974.
2012
Emerson NJ.
Development of Patient-Specific CT-FE Modelling of Bone Through Validation Using Porcine Femora
[PhD thesis]. University of Sheffield; September 2012.
1973
Margel-Robertson DR.
Studies of Fracture in Bone
[PhD thesis]. Stanford University; March 1973.
1982
Ashman RB.
Ultrasonic Determination of the Elastic Properties of Cortical Bone: Techniques and Limitations
[PhD thesis]. Tulane University; 1982.
1987
Stover SM.
Dorsal Metacarpal Disease in Thoroughbred Horses: Relationship to the Development of the Third Metacarpal Bone
[PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 1987.
2004
Castillo AB.
The Female Ferret (
Mustela Putorius Furo
) as an in Vivo Model for Skeletal Research
[PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2004.
1969
Wood JL.
Mechanical Properties of Human Cranial Bone in Tension
[PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1969.
1991
Choi K.
The Micro Mechanical Properties of Bone Tissue
[PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1991.
1994
Jepsen KJ.
Characterization of the Hierarchical Composite Properties of Cortical Bone: A Transgenic Approach
[PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1994.
2005
Kemper AR.
Material Properties of Human Rib Cortical Bone from Dynamic Tension Coupon Testing
[Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 22, 2005.
2010
Kemper AR.
The Biomechanics of Thoracic Skeletal Response
[PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; March 30, 2010.
1998
Yeni YN.
Fracture Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone: The Relationship of Geometry, Microstructure and Composition With the Fracture of the Tibia, Femoral Shaft and the Femoral Neck
[PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1998.