Presence of microscopic cracks in vivo in bone

Frost, H. M.

Year	Entry
1963	Frost HM. Bone Remodelling Dynamics. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1963.
1986	Frost HM. Intermediary Organization of the Skeleton. Vols. 1-2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1986.
2001	Jee WSS. Integrated bone tissue physiology: anatomy and physiology. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:1-1–1-68.
2001	Jepsen KJ, Davy DT, Akkus O. Observations of damage in bone. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:17-1–17-18.
2002	Currey JD. Bones: Structure and Mechanics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2002.
1998	Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA. Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1998.
2019	Wittig NK, Laugesen M, Birkbak ME, Bach-Gansmo FL, Pacureanu A, Bruns S, Wendelboe MH, Brüel A, Sørensen HO, Thomsen JS, Birkedal H. Canalicular junctions in the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network of cortical bone. ACS Nano. 2019;13(6):6421-6430.
1970	Merz WA, Schenk RK. Quantitative structural analysis of human cancellous bone. Acta Anat. 1970;75(1):54-66.
1994	Frost HM. Wolff's law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. Angle Orthod. June 1994;64(3):175-188.
2003	Yeni YN, Hou FJ, Ciarelli T, Vashishth D, Fyhrie DP. Trabecular shear stresses predict in vivo linear microcrack density but not diffuse damage in human vertebral cancellous bone. Ann Biomed Eng. June 2003;31(6):726-732.
2019	Atkins A, Burke M, Samiezadeh S, Akens MK, Hardisty M, Whyne CM. Elevated microdamage spatially correlates with stress in metastatic vertebrae. Ann Biomed Eng. April 2019;47(4):980-989.
2006	Robling AG, Castillo AB, Turner CH. Biomechanical and molecular regulation of bone remodeling. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2006;8:455-498.
2021	Smit TH. Closing the osteon: do osteocytes sense strain rate rather than fluid flow? BioEssays. August 2021;43(8):2000327.
1989	Schaffler MB, Radin EL, Burr DB. Mechanical and morphological effects of strain rate on fatigue of compact bone. Bone. 1989;10(3):207-214.
1993	Mori S, Burr DB. Increased intracortical remodeling following fatigue damage. Bone. March–April 1993;14(2):103-109.
1994	Fyhrie DP, Schaffler MB. Failure mechanisms in human vertebral cancellous bone. Bone. 1994;15(1):105-109.
1994	Schaffler MB, Pitchford WC, Choi K, Riddle JM. Examination of compact bone microdamage using back-scattered electron microscopy. Bone. September–October 1994;15(5):483-488.
1995	Burr DB, Hooser M. Alterations to the en bloc basic fuchsin staining protocol for the demonstration of microdamage produced in vivo. Bone. October 1995;17(4):431-433.
1995	Schaffler MB, Choi K, Milgrom C. Aging and matrix microdamage accumulation in human compact bone. Bone. December 1995;17(6):521-525.
1996	Wenzel TE, Schaffler MB, Fyhrie DP. In vivo trabecular microcracks in human vertebral bone. Bone. August 1996;19(2):89-95.
1997	Norman TL, Wang Z. Microdamage of human cortical bone: incidence and morphology in long bones. Bone. April 1997;20(4):375-379.
1997	Mori S, Harruff R, Ambrosius W, Burr DB. Trabecular bone volume and microdamage accumulation in the femoral heads of women with and without femoral neck fractures. Bone. December 1997;21(6):521-526.
1998	Fazzalari NL, Forwood MR, Smith K, Manthey BA, Herreen P. Assessment of cancellous bone quality in severe osteoarthrosis: bone mineral density, mechanics, and microdamage. Bone. 1998;22(4):381-388.
1998	Bentolila V, Boyce TM, Fyhrie DP, Drumb R, Skerry TM, Schaffler MB. Intracortical remodeling in adult rat long bones after fatigue loading. Bone. September 1998;23(3):275-281.
1998	Norman TL, Yeni YN, Brown CU, Wang Z. Influence of microdamage on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia. Bone. September 1998;23(3):303-306.
1998	Fazzalari NL, Forwood MR, Manthey BA, Smith K, Kolesik P. Three-dimensional confocal images of microdamage in cancellous bone. Bone. October 1998;23(4):373-378.
2000	Vashishth D, Koontz J, Qiu SJ, Lundin-Cannon D, Yeni YN, Schaffler MB, Fyhrie DP. In vivo diffuse damage in human vertebral trabecular bone. Bone. February 2000;26(2):147-152.
2002	Burr DB. Targeted and nontargeted remodeling. Bone. January 2002;30(1):2-4.
2002	Yeni YN, Fyhrie DP. Fatigue damage-fracture mechanics interaction in cortical bone. Bone. March 2002;30(3):509-514.
2002	Qiu S, Rao DS, Palnitkar S, Parfitt AM. Age and distance from the surface but not menopause reduce osteocyte density in human cancellous bone. Bone. August 2002;31(2):313-318.
2005	Qiu S, Rao DS, Fyhrie DP, Palnitkar S, Parfitt AM. The morphological association between microcracks and osteocyte lacunae in human cortical bone. Bone. July 2005;37(1):10-15.
2007	Diab T, Vashishth D. Morphology, localization and accumulation of in vivo microdamage in human cortical bone. Bone. March 2007;40(3):612-618.
2007	Nagaraja S, Lin ASP, Guldberg RE. Age-related changes in trabecular bone microdamage initiation. Bone. April 2007;40(4):973-980.
2008	Kennedy OD, Brennan O, Mauer P, Rackard SM, O'Brien FJ, Taylor D, Lee TC. The effects of increased intracortical remodeling on microcrack behaviour in compact bone. Bone. November 2008;43(5):889-893.
2010	Emerton K, Hu B, Woo A, Sinofsky A, Hernandez C, Majeska R, Jepsen K, Schaffler M. Osteocyte apoptosis and control of bone resorption following ovariectomy in mice. Bone. March 2010;46(3):577-583.
2010	Herman BC, Cardoso L, Majeska RJ, Jepsen KJ, Schaffler MB. Activation of bone remodeling after fatigue: differential response to linear microcracks and diffuse damage. Bone. October 2010;47(4):766-772.
2011	Landrigan MD, Li J, Turnbull TL, Burr DB, Niebur GL, Roeder RK. Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography of fatigue microdamage accumulation in human cortical bone. Bone. March 2011;48(3):443-450.
2012	Kennedy OD, Herman BC, Laudier DM, Majeska RJ, Sun HB, Schaffler MB. Activation of resorption in fatigue-loaded bone involves both apoptosis and active pro-osteoclastogenic signaling by distinct osteocyte populations. Bone. May 2012;50(5):1115-1122.
2019	Burr DB. Stress concentrations and bone microdamage: John Currey's contributions to understanding the initiation and arrest of cracks in bone. Bone. October 2019;127:517-525.
2005	Seref-Ferlengez Z, Kennedy OD, Schaffler MB. Bone microdamage, remodeling and bone fragility: how much damage is too much damage? BoneKEy Rep. March 18, 2005;4:644.
2015	Seref-Ferlengez Z, Kennedy OD, Schaffler MB. Bone microdamage, remodeling and bone fragility: how much damage is too much damage? BoneKEy Rep. March 2015;4:644.
1973	Pugh JW. The micro-mechanics of cancellous bone, I: microscopic observations. Bull Hosp Joint Dis. April 1973;34(1):92-106.
1989	Frost HM. Transient-steady state phenomena in microdamage physiology: a proposed algorithm for lamellar bone. Calcif Tiss Int. June 1989;44(6):367-381.
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1990	Burr DB, Stafford T. Validity of the bulk-staining technique to separate artifactual from in vivo bone microdamage. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November 1990;260:305-308.
2009	Currey J. Measurement of the mechanical properties of bone: a recent history. Clin Orthop Relat Res. August 2009;467(8):1948-1954.
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2018	Hasegawa T, Yamamoto T, Hongo H, Qiu Z, Abe M, Kanesaki T, Tanaka K, Endo T, de Freitas PHL, Li M, Amizuka N. Three-dimensional ultrastructure of osteocytes assessed by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Histochem Cell Biol. April 2018;149(4):423-432.
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2003	Lee TC, Mohsin S, Taylor D, Parkesh R, Gunnlaugsson T, O'Brien FJ, Giehl M, Gowin W. Detecting microdamage in bone. J Anat. August 2003;203(2):161-172.
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1970	Chamay A. Mechanical and morphological aspect of experimental overload and fatigue in bone. J Biomech. May 1970;3(3):263-270.
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1982	Martin RB, Burr DB. A hypothetical mechanism for the stimulation of osteonal remodelling by fatigue damage. J Biomech. 1982;15(3):137-139.
1985	Burr DB, Martin RB, Schaffler MB, Radin EL. Bone remodeling in response to in vivo fatigue microdamage. J Biomech. 1985;18(3):189-200.
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1987	Carter DR, Fyhrie DP, Whalen RT. Trabecular bone density and loading history: regulation of connective tissue biology by mechanical energy. J Biomech. 1987;20(8):785-794.
1987	Carter DR. Mechanical loading history and skeletal biology. J Biomech. 1987;20(11-12):1095-1109.
1990	Choi K, Kuhn JL, Ciarelli MJ, Goldstein SA. The elastic moduli of human subchondral, trabecular, and cortical bone tissue and the size-dependency of cortical bone modulus. J Biomech. 1990;23(11):1103-1113.
1992	Choi K, Goldstein SA. A comparison of the fatigue behavior of human trabecular and cortical bone tissue. J Biomech. 1992;25(12):1371-1381.
1993	Burr DB, Martin RB. Calculating the probability that microcracks initiate resorption spaces. J Biomech. April–May 1993;26(4-5):613-616.
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2004	Castillo AB. The Female Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo) as an in Vivo Model for Skeletal Research [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2004.
2006	Rao SH. The Genetics of Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Potential Therapeutics in a Murine Model [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2006.
2009	Crowell HP III. Gait Retraining for the Reduction of Lower Extremity Loading [PhD thesis]. University of Delaware; Winter 2009.
1996	Adams DJ. Mechanical Factors Initiating Appositional Bone Formation [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; May 1996.
1991	Choi K. The Micro Mechanical Properties of Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1991.
1994	Jepsen KJ. Characterization of the Hierarchical Composite Properties of Cortical Bone: A Transgenic Approach [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1994.
1998	Ciarelli TE. Architectural and Material Contributions to Fracture of the Spine and Proximal Femur [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1998.
2000	Timlin JA. Bone Microstructure: A Raman Spectroscopic Imaging Study of Chemical and Mechanical Variation [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2000.
2003	Rajachar RM. Effects of Age -Related Ultra-Structural Level Changes in Bone on Microdamage Mechanisms [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2003.
2009	Sahar ND. Investigating the Effects of Age and Exercise on Bone Composition and the Impact of Composition on Mechanical Integrity. [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2009.
2016	Takyar F. Osteoblastic EphrinB2 in Normal and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)-Stimulated Bone Formation [PhD thesis]. University of Melbourne; June 2016.
1996	Beck BR. The Relationship of Streaming Potential Magnitude to Strain and Periosteal Modeling [PhD thesis]. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon; December 1996.
2021	Harrison KD. A Novel in Vivo Synchrotron Radiation Micro-CT Imaging Platform for the Direct Tracking of Remodeling Events in Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; December 2021.
1998	Vajda EG. Age-Related Changes in the Microstructure and Mineralization of the Female Proximal Femur [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; March 1998.
2013	Eleazer CD. The Interaction of Mechanical Loading and Metabolic Stress on Human Cortical Bone: Testing Anthropological Assumptions Using Cross-Sectional Geometry and Histomorphology [PhD thesis]. Knoxville, University of Tennessee; August 2013.
2010	Wynnyckyj C. The Consequences of Collagen Degradation on Bone Mechanical Properties [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2010.
2014	Choudhari C. Image-Based Characterization of the Mechanical Behaviour of Healthy and Metastatically-Involved Vertebrae [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2014.
2018	Dapaah DY. An Experimentally Validated Continuum Damage Mechanics Model of the Micro-Damage Process Zone During Cortical Bone Fracture [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2018.
2022	Martel DR. Contributors to Proximal Femur Fracture Force: Multiscale Considerations of Rate, Toughness, and Bone Composition [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2022.
2019	Knowles NK. Improving Material Mapping in Glenohumeral Finite Element Models: A Multi-Level Evaluation [PhD thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2019.
2001	Parsamian GP. Damage Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 2001.

Year	Entry
1957	Evans FG. Stress and Strain in Bones: Their Relation to Fractures and Osteogenesis. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1957.
1958	Frost HM. Preparation of thin undecalcified bone sections by rapid manual method. Stain Tech. November 1958;33(6):273-277.