Trauma Biomechanics: Accidental Injury in Traffic and Sports

Year	Entry
2005	Sawada M, Hasegawa J. Development of new whiplash prevention seat. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
1998	Chiu J, Robinovitch SN. Prediction of upper extremity impact forces during falls on the outstretched hand. J Biomech. December 1998;31(12):1169-1176.
1986	Aldman B. An analytical approach to the impact biomechanics of head and neck injury. In: 30th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 6, 1986; Montreal, QC.439-454.
1996	Crandall JR, Portier L, Petit P, Hall GW, Bass CR, Klopp GS, Hurwitz S, Pilkey WD, Trosseille X, Tarrière C, Lassau J-P. Biomechanical response and physical properties of the leg, foot, and ankle. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:173-192. SAE 962424.
1995	Crandall JR, Martin PG, Sieveka EM, Klopp GS, Kuhlmann TP, Pilkey WD, Dischinger PC, Burgess AR, O'Quinn TD, Schmidhauser CB. The influence of footwell intrusion on lower extremity response and injury in frontal crashes. In: 39th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 16-18, 1995; Chicago, IL.269-286.
1989	Viano DC. Biomechanical responses and injuries in blunt lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 4-6, 1989; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:113-142. SAE 892432.
1997	Ono K, Kaneoka K. Motion analysis of human cervical vertebrae during low speed rear impacts by the simulated sled. In: Proceedings of the 1997 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1997; Hannover, Germany.223-237.
1997	Kuppa SM, Olson MB, Yeiser CW, Taylor LM, Morgan RM, Eppinger RH. RAID: an investigative tool to study air bag/upper extremity interactions. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 24-27, 1997; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 970399.
1995	Parkin S, Mackay GM, Hassan AM, Graham R. Rear end collisions and seat performance: to yield or not to yield. In: 39th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 16-18, 1995; Chicago, IL.231-244.
1978	Moffatt EA, Siegel AW, Huelke DF, Nahum AM. The biomechanics of automotive cervical fractures. In: 22nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). July 10-14, 1978; Ann Arbor, MI.151-168.
2007	Manoogian SJ, Duma SM, Moorcroft DM. Pregnant occupant injury risk using computer simulations with NCAP vehicle crash test data. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2003	Heitplatz F, Sferco R, Fay P, Reim J, Kim A, Prasad P. An evaluation of existing and proposed injury criteria with various dummies to determine their ability to predict the levels of soft tissue neck injury seen in real world accidents. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
1991	Allsop DL, Perl TR, Warner CY. Force/deflection and fracture characteristics of the temporo-parietal region of the human head. In: Proceedings of the 35th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 18-20, 1991; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:269-278. SAE 912907.
1880	Messerer O. Über Elasticität und Festigkeit der menschlichen Knochen. Stuttgart, Germany: Cotta; 1880.
2008	Törnvall FV, Holmqvist K, Davidsson J, Svensson M, Gugler J, Steffan H, Håland Y. Evaluation of dummy shoulder kinematics in oblique frontal collisions. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.195-210.
1998	Kitagawa Y, Ichikawa H, King AI, Levine RS. A severe ankle and foot injury in frontal crashes and its mechanism. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-12. SAE 983145.
1984	Prasad P, Daniel RP. A biomechanical analysis of head, neck, and torso injuries to child surrogates due to sudden torso acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 28th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 6-7, 1984; Chicago, IL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:25-40. SAE 841656.
1983	Maiman DJ, Sances A Jr, Myklebust JB, Larson SJ, Houterman C, Chilbert M, El-Ghatit AZ. Compression injuries of the cervical spine: a biomechanical analysis. Neurosurgery. September 1983;13(3):254-260.
1995	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Voo L, Cusick JF, Maiman DJ, Sances A Jr. Dynamic characteristics of the human cervical spine. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:195-202. SAE 952722.
1990	Cavanaugh JM, Walilko TJ, Malhotra A, Zhu Y, King AI. Biomechanical response and injury tolerance of the pelvis in twelve sled side impacts. In: Proceedings of the 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-7, 1990; Orlando, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-12. SAE 902305.
1997	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Hines MH, Maltese MR, McFadden J, Saul R, Eppinger R, Khaewpong N, Kleinberger M. Chestband analysis of human tolerance to side impact. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:63-74. SAE 973320.
1999	Begeman PC, Pratima K, Prasad P. Bending strength of the human cadaveric forearm due to lateral loads. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 25-27, 1999; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:343-350. SAE 99SC24.
2003	Stitzel JD, Cormier JM, Barretta JT, Kennedy EA, Smith EP, Rath AL, Duma SM, Matsuoka F. Defining regional variation in the material properties of human rib cortical bone and its effect on fracture prediction. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:243-265. SAE 2003-22-0012.
2001	Hardy WN, Schneider LW, Rouhana SW. Prediction of airbag-induced forearm fractures and airbag aggressivity. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:511-534. SAE 2001-22-0024.
2001	Hardy WN, Schneider LW, Rouhana SW. Abdominal impact response to rigid-bar, seatbelt, and airbag loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:1-32. SAE 2001-22-0001.
1953	Gurdjian ES, Lissner HR, Latimer FR, Haddad BF, Webster JE. Quantitative determination of acceleration and intracranial pressure in experimental head injury: preliminary report. Neurology. 1953;3(6):417-423.
2007	Mihalik JP, Bell DR, Marshall SW, Guskiewicz KM. Measurement of head impacts in collegiate football players: an investigation of positional and event-type differences. Neurosurgery. December 2007;61(6):1229-1235.
2004	Ivarsson J, Lessley D, Kerrigan J, Bhalla K, Bose D, Crandall J, Kent R. Dynamic response corridors and injury thresholds of the pedestrian lower extremities. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.179-191.
1982	Hutton WC, Adams MA. Can the lumbar spine be crushed in heavy lifting? Spine. November 1982;7(6):586-590.
1998	Håland Y, Hjerpe E, Lövsund P. An inflatable carpet to reduce the loading of the lower extremities: evaluation by a new sled test method with toepan intrusion. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.292-301.
1999	Panjabi MM, Wang J-L, Delson N. Neck injury criterion based on intervertebral motions and its evaluation using an instrumented neck dummy. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.179-190.
2005	Muñoz D, Mansilla A, López-Valdés F, Martín R. A study of current neck injury criteria used for whiplash analysis: proposal of a new criterion involving upper and lower neck load cells. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Bostrom O, Kullgren A. Characteristics of anti-whiplash seat designs with good real-life performance. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.219-232.
1983	Myklebust J, Sances A, Maiman D, Pintar F, Chilbert M, Rauschning W, Larson S, Cusick J, Ewing C, Thomas D, Saltzberg B. Experimental spinal trauma studies in the human and monkey cadaver. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1983; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:149-161. SAE 831614.
1994	Muser MH, Dippel C, Walz F. Neck injury prevention by automatically positioned head restraint. In: Advances in Occupant Restraint Technologies: Joint AAAM-IRCOBI Special Session. September 22, 1994; Lyon, France.145-157.
2000	Boström O, Bohman K, Håland Y, Kullgren A, Krafft M. New AIS1 long-term neck injury criteria candidates based on real frontal crash analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.249-264.
2004	Compigne S, Caire Y, Quesnel T, Verries J-P. Non-injurious and injurious impact response of the human shoulder three-dimensional analysis of kinematics and determination of injury threshold. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:89-123. SAE 2004-22-0005.
1993	Svensson MY, Aldman B, Hansson HA, Lövsund P, Seeman T, Suneson A, Örtengren T. Pressure effects in the spinal canal during whiplash extension motion: a possible cause of injury to the cervical spinal ganglia. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.189-200.
1995	Walz FH, Muser MH. Biomechanical aspects of cervical spine injuries. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 27–March 2, 1995; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 950658.
2005	Walilko TJ, Viano DC, Bir CA. Biomechanics of the head for Olympic boxer punches to the face. Br J Sports Med. October 2005;39(10):710-719.
1984	Eppinger RH, Marcus JH, Morgan RM. Development of dummy and injury index for NHTSA’s thoracic side impact protection research program. In: Proceedings of the SAE Government/industry Meeting & Exposition. May 21-24, 1984; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 840885.
1988	Allsop DL, Warner CY, Wille MG, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Facial impact response: a comparison of the Hybrid III dummy and human cadaver. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1988; Atlanta, GA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:139-155. SAE 881719.
1978	Got C, Patel A, Fayon A, Tarrière C, Walfisch G. Results of experimental head impacts on cadavers: the various data obtained and their relations to some measured physical parameters. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 24-26, 1978; Ann Arobor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:57-99. SAE 780887.
1996	Kirkish SL, Begeman PC, Paravasthu NS. Proposed provisional reference values for the humerus for evaluation of injury potential. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:75-84. SAE 962416.
2008	Belwadi A, Yang KH. Cadaveric lumbar spine responses to flexion with and without anterior shear displacement. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.397-410.
1998	Sokol Jaffredo A, Potier P, Robin S, Le Coz J-Y, Lassau J-P. Upper extremity interaction with side impact airbag. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.485-.
1986	Cavanaugh JM, Nyquist GW, Goldberg SJ, King AI. Lower abdominal tolerance and response. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:41-63. SAE 861878.
1975	Padgaonkar AJ, Krieger KW, King AI. Measurement of angular acceleration of a rigid body using linear accelerometers. J Appl Mech. September 1975;42(3):552-556.
2002	Segui-Gomez M, Baker SP. Changes in injury patterns in frontal crashes: preliminary comparisons of drivers of vehicles model years 1993-1997 to drivers of vehicles 1998-2001. In: 46th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 30–October 2, 2002; Tempe, AZ.
2002	Iwamoto M, Kisanuki Y, Watanabe I, Furusu K, Miki K, Hasegawa J. Development of a finite element model of the total human model for safety (THUMS) and application to injury reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 18-20, 2002; Munich, Germany.
2003	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL, Prasad P. Biomechanical and scaling bases for frontal and side impact injury assessment reference values. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:155-188. SAE 2003-22-0009.
2007	Kullgren A, Krafft M, Lie A, Tingvall C. The effect of whiplash protection systems in real-life crashes and their correlation to consumer crash test programmes. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
1973	Begeman PC, King AI, Prasad P. Spinal loads resulting from -Gx acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1973; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:343-360. SAE 730977.
1989	Miller MA. The biomechanical response of the lower abdomen to belt restraint loading. J Trauma. November 1989;29(11):1571-1584.
2007	Troy KL, Grabiner MD. Off-axis loads cause failure of the distal radius at lower magnitudes than axial loads: a finite element analysis. J Biomech. 2007;40(8):1670-1675.
2003	Martin RB. Fatigue microdamage as an essential element of bone mechanics and biology. Calcif Tiss Int. August 2003;73(2):101-107.
1972	Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact studies of facial bones and skull. In: Proceedings of the 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1972; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:186-203. SAE 720965.
1982	Eppinger RH, Morgan RM, Marcus JH. Side impact data analysis. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.244-250.
1980	Walfisch G, Fayon A, Tarriere C, Rosey JP, Guillon F, Got C, Patel A, Stalnaker RL. Designing of a dummy's abdomen for detecting injuries in side impact collisions. In: Proceedings of the 1980 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1980; Birmingham, England.149-164.
1998	Parenteau CS, Viano DC, Petit PY. Biomechanical properties of human cadaveric ankle-subtalar joints in quasi-static loading. J Biomech Eng. February 1998;120(1):105-111.
1998	Wheeler JB, Smith TA, Siegmund GP, Brault JR, King DJ. Validation of the neck injury criterion (NIC) using kinematic and clinical results from human subjects in rear-end collisions. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.335-348.
1973	Lobdell TE, Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Hering WE, Nahum AM. Impact response of the human thorax. In: King WF, Mertz HJ, eds. Human Impact Response: Measurement and Simulation. Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Impact Response held at the General Motors Research Laboratorie; October 2-3, 1972; Warren, MI. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1973:201-243.
2007	Bortenschlager K, Hartlieb M, Barnsteiner K, Ferdinand L, Kramberger D, Siems S, Muser M, Schmitt K-U. Review of existing injury criteria and their tolerance limits for whiplash injuries with respect to testing experience and rating systems. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2003	Bortenschlager K, Kramberger D, Barnsteiner K, Hartlieb M, Ferdinand L, Leyer H, Muser M, Schmitt K-U. Comparison tests of BioRID II and RID 2 with regard to repeatability, reproducibility and sensitivity for assessment of car seat protection potential in rear-end impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:473-488. SAE 2003-22-0021.
1991	Shea M, Edwards WT, White AA, Hayes WC. Variations of stiffness and strength along the human cervical-spine. J Biomech. 1991;24(2):95-107.
2006	Foster CD, Hardy WN, Yang KH, King AI, Hashimoto S. High-speed seatbelt pretensioner loading of the abdomen. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:27-51. SAE 2006-22-0002.
2000	Chapline JF, Ferguson SA, Lillis RP, Lund AK, Williams AF. Neck pain and head restraint position relative to the driver’s head in rear-end collisions. Accid Anal Prev. March 2000;32(2):287-297.
1985	Malliaris AC, Hitchcock R, Hansen M. Harm causation and ranking in car crashes. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 27–March 2, 1985; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 850090.
1998	Schroeder G, Kallieris D, Tschäschke U, Scheunert D, Schütz J, Zobel R. Are sidebags dangerous in certain seating positions? In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.477-483.
1980	Ono K, Kikuchi A, Nakamura M, Kobayashi H, Nakamura N. Human head tolerance to sagittal impact reliable estimation deduced from experimental head injury using subhuman primates and human cadaver skulls. In: Proceedings of the 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 15-17, 1980; Troy, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:103-160. SAE 801303.
2002	Szabo TJ, Voss DP, Welcher JB. Influence of seat foam and geometrical properties on biorid p3 kinematic response to rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 18-20, 2002; Munich, Germany.
2003	King AI, Yang KH, Zhang L, Hardy W, Viano DC. Is head injury caused by linear or angular acceleration? In: Proceedings of the 2003 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 25, 2003; Lisbon, Portugal.1-12.
1993	Cavanaugh JM, Zhu Y, Huang Y, King AI. Injury and response of the thorax in side impact cadaveric tests. In: Proceedings of the 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 7-8, 1993; San Antonio, TX. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:199-221. SAE 933127.
1967	Mertz HJ Jr, Patrick LM. Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:267-317. SAE 670919.
2006	Arnoux P, Thollon L, Behr M, Brunet C, Cesari D. Knee joint injury mechanisms and injury criteria in full scale tests according to impact position. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.319-330.
1981	Verriest JP, Chapon A, Trauchessec R. Cinephotogrammetrical study of porcine thoracic response to belt applied load in frontal impact: comparison between living and dead subjects. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:499-545. SAE 811015.
1998	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Eppinger RH. Response and tolerance of the human forearm to impact loading. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:65-74. SAE 983149.
2004	Jakobsson L, Norin H. AIS1 neck injury reducing effect of whips (whiplash protection system). In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.297-305.
1997	Frampton RJ, Morris AP, Thomas P, Bodiwala GG. An overview of upper extremity injuries to car occupants in UK vehicle crashes. In: Proceedings of the 1997 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1997; Hannover, Germany.37-51.
2005	Gennarelli TA, Wodzin E, eds. The Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005. Barrington, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM); 2005.
1996	Saul RA, Backaitis SH, Beebe MS, Ore LS. Hybrid III dummy instrumentation and assessment of arm injuries during air bag deployment. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:85-94. SAE 962417.
2000	Newman JA, Shewchenko N, Welbourne E. A proposed new biomechanical head injury assessment function: the maximum power index. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:215-247. SAE 2000-01-SC16.
1975	Melvin JW, Mohan D, Stalnaker RL. Occupant injury assessment criteria. In: SAE Automobile Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting; 1975. SAE 750914.
1999	Cappon HJ, van den Kroonenberg AJ, Happee R, Wismans JSHM. An improved lower leg multibody model. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.499-512.
2000	Bohman K, Boström O, Håland Y, Kullgren A. A study of AIS1 neck injury parameters in 168 frontal collisions using a restrained Hybrid III dummy. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:103-116. SAE 2000-01-SC08.
2002	Schmitt K-U, Muser MH, Walz FH, Niederer PF. Fluid-structure interaction in the biomechanics of soft tissue neck injuries: a finite element study to analyze blood vessel pressure effects in the venous plexus. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(1):65-73.
1999	Hofinger M, Mayrhofer E, Geigl BC, Moser A, Steffan H. Reduction of neck injuries by improving the occupant interaction with the seat back cushion. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.201-212.
1974	Fielding JW, Cochran GVB, Lawsing JF III, Hohl M. Tears of the transverse ligament of the atlas: a clinical and biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg. December 1974;56A(8):1683-1691.
2004	Prange MT, Luck JF, Dibb A, Van Ee CA, Nightingale RW, Myers BS. Mechanical properties and anthropometry of the human infant head. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:279-299. SAE 2004-22-0013.
1998	Ono K, Kaneoka K, Inami S. Influence of seat properties on human cervical vertebral motion and head/neck/torso kinematics during rear-end impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.303-318.
2002	Cavanaugh JM. Biomechanics of thoracic trauma. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2002:374-404.
2000	Naunheim RS, Standeven J, Richter C, Lewis LM. Comparison of impact data in hockey, football, and soccer. J Trauma. May 2000;48(5):938-941.
1985	Rouhana SW, Foster ME. Lateral impact: an analysis of the statistics in the NCSS. In: Proceedings of the 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 9-11, 1985; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:79-98. SAE 851727.
1987	Rouhana SW. Abdominal injury prediction in lateral impact: an analysis of the biofidelity of the Euro-SID abdomen. In: Proceedings of the 31st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 9-11, 1987; New Orleans, LA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:95-104. SAE 872203.
1986	Rouhana SW, Ridella SA, Viano DC. The effect of limiting impact force on abdominal injury: a preliminary study. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:65-79. SAE 861879.
1995	Otte D. Review of the air bag effectiveness in real life accidents demands: for positioning and optimal deployment of air bag systems. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-10. SAE 952701.
2007	Viano DC, Casson IR, Pellman EJ. Concussion in professional football: biomechanics of the struck player—Part 14. Neurosurgery. August 2007;61(2):313-327.
2001	Viano DC, Olsen S. The effectiveness of active head restraint in preventing whiplash. J Trauma. November 2001;51(5):959-969.
1998	Hell W, Langwieder K, Walz F. Reported soft tissue neck injuries after rear-end car collisions. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.261-274.
1999	Otte D. Severity and mechanism of head impacts in car to pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.329-341.
1998	Otte D. Biomechanics of upper limb injuries of belted car drivers and assessment of avoidance. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.203-216.
1971	Versace J. A review of the severity index. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:771-796. SAE 710881.
1992	Margulies SS, Thibault LE. A proposed tolerance criterion for diffuse axonal injury in man. J Biomech. August 1992;25(8):917-923.
1970	Yamada H. Strength of Biological Materials. Evans FG, ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company; 1970.
2002	Rouhana SW. Biomechanics of abdominal trauma. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2002:405-453.
2005	Viano DC, Casson IR, Pellman EJ, Bir CA, Zhang L, Sherman DC, Boitano MA. Concussion in professional football: comparison with boxing head impacts: part 10. Neurosurgery. December 2005;57(6):1154-1172.
1983	Viano DC. Biomechanics of nonpenetrating aortic trauma: a review. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1983; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:109-114. SAE 831608.
1981	Cesari D, Ramet M, Bloch J. Influence of arm position on thoracic injuries in side impact. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:271-297. SAE 811007.
2003	Meyer EG, Haut RC. The effect of impact angle on knee tolerance to rigid impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:1-19. SAE 2003-22-0001.
1989	Zeidler F, Pletschen B, Mattern B, Alt B, Miksch T, Eichendorf W, Reiß S. Development of a new injury cost scale. In: 33rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 2-4, 1989; Baltimore, MD.231-247.
1998	Foret-Bruno J-Y, Trosseille X, Le Coz J-Y, Bendjellal F, Steyer C, Phalempin T, Villeforceix D, Dandres P, Got C. Thoracic injury risk in frontal car crashes with occupant restrained with belt load limiter. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:331-352. SAE 983166.
2006	Ono K, Ejima S, Suzuki Y, Kaneoka K, Fukushima M, Ujihashi S. Prediction of neck injury risk based on the analysis of localized cervical vertebral motion of human volunteers during low-speed rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.103-113.
2002	Torg JS, Guille JT, Jaffe S. Injuries to the cervical spine in American football players. J Bone Joint Surg. January 2002;84A(1):112-122.
1997	Bass CR, Duma SM, Crandall JR, Morris R, Martin P, Pilkey WD, Hurwitz S, Khaewpong N, Eppinger R, Sun E. The interaction of air bags with upper extremities. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:111-129. SAE 973324.
1997	Creasy JD, Chiles C, Routh WD, Dyer RB. Overview of traumatic injury of the thoracic aorta. RadioGraphics. January–February 1997;7(1):27-45.
2002	Ommaya AK, Goldsmith W, Thibault L. Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury. Br J Neurosurg. June 2002;16(3):220-242.
1982	Mertz HJ, Weber DA. Interpretations of the impact responses of a 3-year-old child dummy relative to child injury potential. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.368-376.
2001	Zellmer H, Stamm M, Seidenschwang A, Brunner A. Benefit from a neck protection system for aftermarket fitting. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.
2009	Schmitt K-U, Muser M. Evaluating recent seat models in rear-end impacts according to currently discussed consumer test proposals. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2015	The Abbreviated Injury Scale 2015. ?: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM); 2015.
1998	Eichberger A, Steffan H, Geigl B, Svensson M, Boström O, Leinzinger PE, Darok M. Evaluation of the applicability of the neck injury criterion (NIC) in rear end impacts on the basis of human subject tests. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.321-333.
1996	Eichberger A, Geigl BC, Moser A, Fachbach B, Steffan H, Hell W, Langwieder K. Comparison of different car seats regarding head-neck kinematics of volunteers during rear end impact. In: Proceedings of the 1996 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 11-13, 1996; Dublin, Ireland.153-164.
1985	Stalnaker RL, Ulman MS. Abdominal trauma: review, response, and criteria. In: Proceedings of the 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 9-11, 1985; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-16. SAE 851720.
1986	Butler DL, Kay MD, Stouffer DC. Comparison of material properties in fascicle-bone units from human patellar tendon and knee ligaments. J Biomech. 1986;19(6):425-432.
1994	Myers BS, Arbogast KB, Lobaugh B, Harper KD, Richardson WJ, Drezner MK. Improved assessment of lumbar vertebral body strength using supine lateral dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. J Bone Miner Res. May 1994;9(5):687-693.
2003	Duma SM, Cormier JM, Hurst WJ, Stitzel JD, Herring IP. The effects of seam design on airbag induced skin abrasions from high-rate shear loading. In: Proceedings of the 2003 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 25, 2003; Lisbon, Portugal.95-107.
2003	Beason DP, Dakin GJ, Lopez RR, Alonso JE, Bandak FA, Eberhardt AW. Bone mineral density correlates with fracture load in experimental side impacts of the pelvis. J Biomech. 2003;36(2):219-227.
1981	Kallieris D, Mattern R, Schmidt G, Eppinger RH. Quantification of side impact responses and injuries. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:329-366. SAE 811009.
2005	Duma SM, Manoogian SJ, Bussone WR, Brolinson PG, Goforth MW, Donnenwerth JJ, Greenwald RM, Chu JJ, Crisco JJ. Analysis of real-time head accelerations in collegiate football players. Clin J Sport Med. January 2005;15(1):3-8.
2003	Kerrigan JR, Ivarsson BJ, Bose D, Madeley NJ, Millington SA, Bhalla KS, Crandall JR. Rate-sensitive constitutive and failure properties of human collateral knee ligaments. In: Proceedings of the 2003 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 25, 2003; Lisbon, Portugal.177-190.
1998	Duma SM, Crandall JR, Hurwitz SR, Pilkey WD. Small female upper extremity interaction with a deploying side air bag. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:47-63. SAE 983148.
1999	Duma SM, Crandall JR, Rudd RW, Funk JR, Pilkey WD. Small female head and neck interaction with a deploying side air bag. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.191-199.
1998	Nightingale RW, Winkelstein BA, Van Ee CA, Myers BS. Injury mechanisms in the pediatric cervical spine during out-of-position airbag deployments. In: 42nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 1998; Charlottesville, VA.153-164.
1972	Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE, Ommaya AK. Pathophysiologic responses to rotational and translational accelerations of the head. In: Proceedings of the 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1972; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:296-308. SAE 720970.
1998	Duma S, Schreiber P, McMaster J, Crandall J, Bass C, Pilkey W. Dynamic injury tolerances for long bones of the female upper extremity. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.189-201.
1998	Lundell B, Jakobsson L, Alfredsson B, Lindström M, Simonsson L. The WHIPS seat: a car seat for improved protection against neck injuries in rear end impacts. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1586-1596.
1974	Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet. July 13, 1974;2(7872):81-84.
1995	Khaewpong N, Nguyen TT, Bents FD, Eichelberger MR, Gotschall CS, Morrissey R. Injury severity in restrained children in motor vehicle crashes. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:403-423. SAE 952711.
2007	Matsubayashi K, Yamada Y, Iyoda M, Koike S, Kawasaki T, Tokuda M. Development of rear pre-crash safety system for rear-end collisions. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2000	Winkelstein BA, Nightingale RW, Richardson WJ, Myers BS. The cervical facet capsule and its role in whiplash injury: a biomechanical investigation. Spine. May 15, 2000;25(10):1238-1246.
1997	Yang KH, Begeman PC, Muser M, Niederer P, Walz F. On the role of cervical facet joints in rear end impact neck injury mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 24-27, 1997; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 970497.
1998	Kleinberger M, Sun E, Eppinger R, Kuppa S, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); September 1998.
1988	Smith TA, Bishop PJ, Wells RP. Three dimensional analysis of linear and angular accelerations of the head experienced in boxing. In: Proceedings of the 1988 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 14-16, 1988; Bergisch-Gladbach, West Germany.271-286.
2006	Damm R, Schnottale B, Lorenz B. Evaluation of the biofidelity of the WorldSID and the ES-2 on the basis of PMHS data. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.225-237.
2005	Kuppa S, Saunders J, Stammen J, Mallory A. Kinematically based whiplash injury criterion. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2004	Zhang L, Yang KH, King AI. A proposed injury threshold for mild traumatic brain injury. J Biomech Eng. 2004;126(2):226-236.
1971	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:84-134. SAE 710851.
2000	McMaster J, Parry M, Wallace WA, Wheeler L, Owen C, Lowne R, Oakley C, Roberts AK. Biomechanics of ankle and hindfoot injuries in dynamic axial loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:357-377. SAE 2000-01-SC23.
2004	Rudd R, Crandall J, Millington S, Hurwitz S, Höglund N. Injury tolerance and response of the ankle joint in dynamic dorsiflexion. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:1-26. SAE 2004-22-0001.
1974	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax II. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:383-457. SAE 741187.
2008	Farmer CM, Zuby DS, Wells JK, Hellinga LA. Relationship of dynamic seat ratings to real-world neck injury rates. Traffic Inj Prev. December 2008;9(6):561-567.
1996	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Boynton M, Begeman P, Prasad P, Kuppa SM, Morgan RM, Eppinger RH. Dynamic axial tolerance of the human foot-ankle complex. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:207-218. SAE 962426.
1997	Bendjellal F, Walfisch G, Steyer C, Ventre P, Forêt Bruno J-Y, Trosseille X, Lassau J-P. The programmed restraint system: a lesson from accidentology. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:249-263. SAE 973333.
1996	Boström O, Svensson MY, Aldman B, Hansson HA, Håland Y, Lövsund P, Seeman T, Suneson A, Säljö A, Örtengren T. A new neck injury criterion candidate based on injury findings in the cervical spinal ganglia after experimental neck extension trauma. In: Proceedings of the 1996 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 11-13, 1996; Dublin, Ireland.123-136.
1996	Morris AP, Thomas P. Neck injuries in the UK co-operative crash injury study. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:317-329. SAE 962433.
1997	Kallieris D, Rizzetti A, Mattern R, Jost S, Priemer P, Unger M. Response and vulnerability of the upper arm through side air bag deployment. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:101-110. SAE 973323.
1999	Hell W, Langwieder K, Walz F, Muser M, Kramer M, Hartwig E. Consequences for seat design due to rear end accident analysis, sled tests and possible test criteria for reducing cervical spine injuries after rear-end collision. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.243-259.
1975	Advani SH, Powell WR, Huston J, Ojala SJ. Human head impact response: experimental data and analytical simulations. In: Proceedings of the 1975 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1975; Birmingham, UK.153-163.
1993	Hertz E. A note on the head injury criterion (HIC) as a predictor of the risk of skull fracture. In: 37th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 4-6, 1993; San Antonio, TX.303-312.
1994	Campbell F, Woodford M, Yates DW. A comparison of injury impairment scale scores and physician's estimates of impairment following injury to the head, abdomen and lower limbs. In: 38th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.139-148.
2008	Linder A, Carlsson A, Svensson MY, Siegmund GP. Dynamic responses of female and male volunteers in rear impacts. Traffic Inj Prev. 2008;9(6):592-599.
2004	Krafft M, Kullgren A, Ydenius A, Boström O, Håland Y, Tingvall C. Rear impact neck protection by reducing occupant forward acceleration: a study of cars on Swedish roads equipped with crash recorders and a new anti-whiplash device. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.221-231.
1994	Riley GP, Harrall RL, Constant CR, Chard MD, Cawston TE, Hazleman BL. Tendon degeneration and chronic shoulder pain: changes in the collagen composition of the human rotator cuff tendons in rotator cuff tendinitis. Ann Rheum Dis. June 1994;53(6):359-366.
2000	Linder A, Schmitt K-U, Walz F, Ono K. Neck modelling for rear-end impact simulations: a comparison between a multi body system (MBS) and a finite element (FE) model. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.491-494.
1980	Beier G, Schuller E, Schuck M, Ewing CL, Becker ED, Thomas DJ. Center of gravity and moments of inertia of human heads. In: Proceedings of the 1980 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1980; Birmingham, England.218-228.
1966	Gurdjian ES, Roberts VL, Thomas LM. Tolerance curves of acceleration and intracrantal pressure and protective index in experimental head injury. J Trauma. September 1966;6(5):600-604.
1995	Kallieris D, Rizzetti A, Mattern R, Morgan R, Eppinger R, Keenan L. On the synergism of the driver air bag and the 3-point belt in frontal collisions. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:389-401. SAE 952700.
1990	Begeman PC, Prasad P. Human ankle impact response in dorsiflexion. In: Proceedings of the 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-7, 1990; Orlando, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:39-53. SAE 902308.
2006	Morris A, Welsh R, Barnes J, Frampton R. The nature, type and consequences of lower extremity injuries in front and side impacts in pre and post-regulatory passenger cars. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.19-33.
1971	Mertz HJ, Patrick LM. Strength and response of the human neck. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:207-255. SAE 710855.
2003	Muser M, Hell W, Schmitt K-U. How injury criteria correlate with the injury risk: a study analysing different parameters with respect to whiplash injury. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2002	Muser MH, Walz FH, Schmitt K-U. Injury criteria applied to seat comparison tests. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(3):224-232.
1968	Nahum AM, Gatts JD, Gadd CW, Danforth J. Impact tolerance of the skull and face. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:302-316. SAE 680785.
2000	Muser MH, Walz FH, Zellmer H. Biomechanical significance of the rebound phase in low speed rear end impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.411-424.
2000	Langwieder K, Hell W, Schick S, Muser M, Walz F, Zellmer H. Evolution of a dynamic seat test standard proposal for a better protection after rear-end impact. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.393-409.
1967	Patrick LM, Mertz HJ Jr, Kroell CK. Cadaver knee, chest and head impact loads. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:168-182. SAE 670913.
1993	Talantikite Y, Brun-Cassan F, Lecoz JY, Tarriere C. Abdominal protection in side impact-injury mechanisms and protection criteria. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.131-144.
2003	Bolte JH, Hines MH, Herriott RG, McFadden JD, Donnelly BR. Shoulder impact response and injury due to lateral and oblique loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:35-53. SAE 2003-22-0003.
1996	Petit P, Portier L, Foret-Bruno J-Y, Trosseille X, Parenteau C, Coltat J-C, Tarriere C, Lassau J-P. Quasistatic characterization of the human foot-ankle joints in a simulated tensed state and updated accidentological data. In: Proceedings of the 1996 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 11-13, 1996; Dublin, Ireland.363-376.
1987	Harms PL, Renouf M, Thomas PD, Bradford M. Injuries to restrained car occupants: what are the outstanding problems? In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.183-201.
1994	Lane JC. The seat belt syndrome in children. Accid Anal Prev. 1994;26(6):813-820.
2003	Snedeker JG, Muser MH, Walz FH. Assessment of pelvis and upper leg injury risk in car-pedestrian collisions: comparison of accident statistics, impactor tests and a human body finite element model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:437-457. SAE 2003-22-0019.
2002	Schmitt K-U, Muser MH, Walz FH, Niederer PF. N_km: a proposal for a neck protection criterion for low-speed rear-end impacts. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(2):117-126.
1976	Baker SP, O'Neill B. The Injury Severity Score: an update. J Trauma. November 1976;16(11):882-885.
2007	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Stemper BD, Gennarelli TA, Weigelt JA. Biomechanics of side impact: injury criteria, aging occupants, and airbag technology. J Biomech. 2007;40(2):227-243.
1975	Löwenhielm P. Mathematical simulation of gliding contusions. J Biomech. 1975;8(6):351-356.
1982	Nusholtz GS, Alem NM, Melvin JW. Impact response and injury of the pelvis. In: Proceedings of the 26th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 20-21, 1982; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:103-144. SAE 821160.
2004	Koh S-W, Cavanaugh JM, Leach JP, Rouhana SW. Mechanical properties of the shoulder ligaments under dynamic loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:125-153. SAE 2004-22-0006.
1997	Grauer JN, Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Dvorak J. Whiplash produces an S-shaped curvature of the neck with hyperextension at lower levels. Spine. November 1997;22(21):2489-2494.
1995	Spitzer O Walter, Skovron ML, Salmi LR, Cassidy JD, Duranceau J, Suissa S, Zeiss E. Scientific monograph of the Quebec task force on whiplash-associated disorders: redefining “whiplash” and its management. Spine. 1995;20(suppl 8):2S-73S.
1979	Tarrière C, Walfisch G, Fayon A, Rosey JP, Got C, Patel A, Delmas A. Synthesis of human tolerances obtained from lateral impact simulations. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). June 5, 1979; Paris, France.359-373.
1991	Nightingale RW, Doherty BJ, Myers BS, McElhaney JH, Richardson WJ. The influence of end condition on human cervical spine injury mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the 35th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 18-20, 1991; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:391-399. SAE 912915.
2002	Schmitt K-U, Muser M, Vetter D, Walz F. Biomechanical assessment of soft tissue neck injuries in cases with long sick leave times. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 18-20, 2002; Munich, Germany.
1997	Nightingale RW, McElhaney JH, Camacho DL, Kleinberger M, Winkelstein BA, Myers BS. The dynamic responses of the cervical spine: buckling, end conditions, and tolerance in compressive impacts. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:451-471. SAE 973344.
1989	Viano DC, Lau IV, Asbury C, King AI, Begeman P. Biomechanics of the human chest, abdomen, and pelvis in lateral impact. In: 33rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 2-4, 1989; Baltimore, MD.367-382.
2003	Takhounts EG, Eppinger RH, Campbell JQ, Tannous RE, Power ED, Shook LS. On the development of the SIMon finite element head model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:107-133. SAE 2003-22-0007.
2008	Rowson S, McNeely DE, Brolinson PG, Duma SM. Biomechanical analysis of football neck collars. Clin J Sport Med. July 2008;18(4):316-321.
1986	Newman JA. A generalized acceleration model for brain injury threshold (GAMBIT). In: Proceedings of the 1986 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 2-4, 1986; Zurich, Switzerland.121-131.
2004	Arbogast KB, Chen I, Nance ML, Durbin DR, Winston FK. Predictors of pediatric abdominal injury risk. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:479-494. SAE 2004-22-0021.
1982	Brun-Cassan F, Leung YC, Tarrière C, Fayon A, Patel A, Got C, Hureau J. Determination of knee-femur-pelvis tolerance from the simulation of car frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1982 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1982; Cologne, Germany.101-115.
1960	Lissner HR, Lebow M, Evans FG. Experimental studies on the relation between acceleration and intracranial pressure changes in man. Surg Gynecol Obstet. September 1960;111(3):329-338.
2008	Takhounts EG, Ridella SA, Hasija V, Tannous RE, Campbell JQ, Malone D, Danelson K, Stitzel J, Rowson S, Duma S. Investigation of traumatic brain injuries using the next generation of Simulated Injury Monitor (SIMon) finite element head model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:1-31. SAE 2008-22-0001.
2002	Duma SM, Boggess BM, Crandall JR, Mac Mahon CB. Fracture tolerance of the small female elbow joint in compression: the effect of load angle relative to the long axis of the forearm. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:195-210. SAE 2002-22-0010.
2002	Atkinson P, Hariharan P, Mari-Gowda S, Telehowski P, Martin S, Van Hoof J, Bir C, Atkinson T. An under-hand steering wheel grasp produces significant injury risk to the upper extremity during airbag deployment. In: 46th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 30–October 2, 2002; Tempe, AZ.

Year	Entry
2013	Gierczycka-Zbrozek D, Cronin D, Lockhart P, Watson B. Occupant and vehicle response for offset pole crash scenarios. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2011	Cronin DS. Explicit finite element method applied to impact biomechanics problems. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2011; Krakow, Poland.240-254.
2012	Piantini S, Grassi D, Mangini M, Pierini M, Spina R, Peris A. Pilot study of an integrated accident research system based on a medical and engineering data in the metropolitan area of Florence. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.10-21.
2013	Klug C, Sinz W, Brenn G, Feist F. Experimental sphere‐in‐sphere testing for the validation of a numerical cerebrospinal fluid model. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.483-496.
2024	Brice A, Vakiel P, Ouellet S, Dennison CR. Comparing kinematics of vertical drop towers and free-falling surrogates in frontal falls from height. In: Proceedings of the 2024 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2024; Stockholm, Sweden.488-490.
2020	Shang S, Masson C, Teeling D, Py M, Ferrand Q, Arnoux P-J, Simms C. Kinematics and dynamics of pedestrian head ground contact: a cadaver study. Safety Sci. July 2020;127:104684.
2020	McGillivray K. Comparison of Innovated Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Commercial Helmet Lining Technology in Mitigating Concussions as Measured by Linear Accelerations and Risk of Head Injury During Simulated Horizontal Impacts to the Head [Master's thesis]. Thunder Bay, ON: Lakehead University; 2020.
2019	de Lange J. Biomechanical Tools for Assessing Foot and Ankle Injury Risk in Frontal Automotive Collisions [Master's thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; 2019.
2019	Berthelson PR. A Coupled Finite Element-Mathematical Surrogate Modeling Approach to Assess Occupant Head and Neck Injury Risk Due to Vehicular Impacts [Master's thesis]. Mississippi State University; August 2019.
2020	Shang S. Pedestrian Whole Body Ground Contact Mechanisms and Head Injury Assessment Following Vehicle Impact [PhD thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; April 2020.
2015	Butz RC. An Impact Force Transducer for Anthropomorphic Test Dummy Headforms: Application to Study Effects of External Helmet Accessories on Biomechanical Measures of Head Injury Risk [Master's thesis]. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta; 2015.
2023	Li Y. Toward a Biofidelic and Repeatable Physical Head-Brain Model for Application in Blunt Impact [PhD thesis]. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta; 2023.
2014	Haladuick T. Numerical Simulation of Blast Interaction With the Human Body: Primary Blast Brain Injury Prediction [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2014.