The Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005

Year	Entry
2010	Schmitt K-U, Niederer PF, Muser MH, Walz F. Trauma Biomechanics: Accidental Injury in Traffic and Sports. 2nd ed. Deidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2010.
2015	Bass CR, Yoganandan N. Skull and facial bone injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:203-220.
2007	Palmer C. Major trauma and the injury severity score: where should we set the bar? In: 51st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 15-17, 2007; Melbourne, Australia.13-29.
2008	Bartsch AJ, Gilbertson LG, Prakash V, Morr DR, Wiechel JF. Minor crashes and “whiplash” in the United States. In: 52nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 6-8, 2008; San Diego, CA.117-128.
2008	Malm S, Krafft M, Kullgren A, Ydenius A, Tingvall C. Risk of permanent medical impairment (RPMI) in road traffic accidents. In: 52nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 6-8, 2008; San Diego, CA.93-100.
2009	Barnes J, Hassan A, Cuerden R, Cookson R, Kohlhofer J. Comparison of injury severity between AIS 2005 and AIS 1990 in a large injury database. In: 53rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 2009; Baltimore, MD.83-89.
2010	Lopez-Valdes FJ, Lau A, Lamp J, Riley P, Lessley DJ, Damon A, Kindig M, Kent R, Balasubramanian S, Seacrist T, Maltese MR, Arbogast KB, Higuchi K, Tanji H. Analysis of spinal motion and loads during frontal impacts: comparison between PMHS and ATD. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.61-77.
2011	Loftis KL, Weaver AA, Stitzel JD. Investigating the effects of side airbag deployment in real-world crashes using crash comparison techniques. In: 55th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 3-5, 2011; Paris, France.81-90.
2011	Lopez-Valdes FJ, Lau S, Riley P, Lamp J, Kent R. The biomechanics of the pediatric and adult human thoracic spine. In: 55th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 3-5, 2011; Paris, France.193-206.
2012	Fredriksson R, Bylund P-O, Öman M. Fatal vehicle-to-bicyclist crashes in Sweden: an in-depth study of injuries and vehicle sources. In: 56th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 14-17, 2012; Seattle, WA.25-30.
2012	Isaksson-Hellman I. A study of bicycle and passenger car collisions based on insurance claims data. In: 56th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 14-17, 2012; Seattle, WA.3-12.
2012	Stigson H, Kullgren A, Rosén E. Injury risk functions in frontal impacts using data from crash pulse recorders. In: 56th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 14-17, 2012; Seattle, WA.267-276.
2013	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Humm JR, Stadter GW, Curry WH, Brasel KJ. Comparison of AIS 1990 update 98 versus AIS 2005 for describing PMHS injuries in lateral and oblique sled tests. In: 57th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 22-25, 2013; Quebec City, QC.197-207.
2007	Scarboro M, Rudd R, Sochor M. Nearside occupants in low delta-V side impact crashes: analysis of injury and vehicle damage patterns. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Yoganandan N, Gennarelli TA, Pintar FA. Characterizing diffuse brain injuries from real-world motor vehicle impacts. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2009	Pipkorn B, Kullgren A. Effects of active structures on injuries in medium severity frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Richards D, Cookson R, Cuerden R, Davies G. The causes of pedestrians’ head injuries following collisions with cars registered in 2000 or later. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2011	Takhounts EG, Hasija V, Ridella SA, Rowson S, Duma SM. Kinematic rotational brain injury criterion (BRIC). In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2011	O’Brien S. Priorities for the assessment of frontal impact compatibility. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2011	Stigson H, Kullgren A, Krafft M. Use of car crashes resulting in injuries to identify system weaknesses. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2013	Kusano KD, Gabler HC. Pre-crash scenarios for determining target populations of active safety systems. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2013	Trosseille X, Song E, Petitjean A. Chest injury criterion: an update of the equivalent deflection (DEQ). In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2013	Rudd RW. Characteristics of injuries in fatally injured restrained occupants in frontal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2013	Meredith L, Brown J, Ivers R, De Rome L. Distribution and type of damage to clothing worn by motorcyclists: validation of the principals of EN13595. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2013	Chen R, Gabler HC. Incidence and risk of direct steering wheel impact in vehicles equipped with advanced air bags. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2015	Bahouth GT, Murakhovskiy D, Digges KH, Rist H, Wiik R. Opportunities for reducing far-side casualties. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2017	Kim S, Park Y, Park W, Lee J, Kang B, Suh M. Consider of occupant injury mitigation through comparision between crash test results in KNCAP and real-world crsah. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 5-8, 2017; Detroit, MI.
2010	Bose D, Crandall JR, Pipkorn B, Song E, Li Z, Lessley DJ, Kent RW. Evaluation of deflection-based predictors for estimating thoracic injury risk. In: Proceedings of the 38th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2010.
2006	Lanz C, Walz FH, Muser MH, Schmitt K-U, Otte D. Incidence and injury mechanisms of tibia head fractures among. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.289-302.
2006	Stigson H, Ydenius A, Kullgren A. Variation of crash severity and injury risk depending on collisions with different vehicle types and objects. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.45-60.
2008	Bartsch A, Gilbertson L, Prakash V, Morr D, Wiechel J. Minor rear aligned crashes in the United States: a pilot study of 98 crashes. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.367-379.
2008	Kullgren A. Dose-response models and edr data for assessment of injury risk and effectiveness of safety systems. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.3-14.
2008	Owczarczyk W. The development of a software tool for classification of injuries in the abbreviated injury scale. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.413-416.
2008	Zhang L, Yang K, Gennarelli TA. Mathematical modeling of cerebral concussion: correlations of brain strain with clinical symptoms. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.123-132.
2009	Cookson R, Cuerden R, Richards D, Manning J. A review of the causes of fatal pedestrians’ injuries resulting from collisions with car fronts: comparing vehicles registered in 2002 or later with earlier models. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.207-221.
2009	Himmetoglu S, Acar M, Bouazza-Marouf K, Taylor AJ. Reactive seat design for optimum whiplash mitigation at different crash severities. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.399-413.
2011	Cronin DS. Model for pulmonary response resulting from high deformation rate loading. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2011; Krakow, Poland.181-192.
2011	Cronin DS. Explicit finite element method applied to impact biomechanics problems. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2011; Krakow, Poland.240-254.
2011	Lindman M, Jakobsson L, Jonsson S. Pedestrians interacting with a passenger car: a study of real world accidents. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2011; Krakow, Poland.255-264.
2011	Zhang L, Gennarelli TA. Mathematical modeling of diffuse brain injury: correlations of foci and severity of brain strain with clinical symptoms and pathology. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2011; Krakow, Poland.315-324.
2012	Rizzi M, Strandroth J, Sternlund S, Tingvall C, Fildes B. Motorcycle crashes into road barriers: the role of stability and different types of barriers for injury outcome. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.328-341.
2012	Lubbe N, Edwards M, Wisch M. Towards an integrated pedestrian safety assessment method. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.761-766.
2012	Fredriksson R, Rosén E. Priorities for bicyclist protection in car impacts: a real life study of severe injuries and car sources. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.779-786.
2013	Rameshkrishnan N, Sathyakumar A, Balakumar S, Hassan AM, Rajaraman R, Padmanaban J. The new in-depth, at-the-scene, accident investigation database in India. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.36-50.
2013	Adolph T, Wisch M, Eggers A, Johannsen H, Cuerden R, Carroll J, Hynd D, Sander U. Analyses of thoracic and lumbar spine injuries in frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.91-102.
2013	Rizzi M, Stigson H, Krafft M. Cyclist injuries leading to permanent medical impairment in Sweden and the effect of bicycle helmets. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.412-423.
2013	Tohira H, Jacobs I, Mountain D, Gibson N, Yeo A. Comparison of tables that map the Abbreviated Injury Scale 1998 version to the 2008 version. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.855-867.
2015	Gennarelli TA. The centripetal theory of concussion (CTC) revisited after 40 years and a proposed new symptomcentric concept of the concussions. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.viii-xiii.
2015	Lindman M, Jonsson S, Jakobsson L, Karlsson T, Gustafson D, Fredriksson A. Cyclists interacting with passenger cars: a study of real world crashes. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.1-12.
2015	Piantini S, Baldanzini N, Pierini M, Mangini M, Franci A, Peris A. An overview on pedestrians and cyclists serious injuries in urban accidents. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.37-48.
2017	Tatem WM, Gabler HC. Preliminary analysis of serious‐to‐fatal injury in rear impact crashes in the United States. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.45-53.
2019	Wang SC, Horbal SR, Cunningham K, Brown E, Rammelkamp A, Kaufman R, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Holcombe SA, Ejima S, Joyner J, Drees L, Gainey J, Mueller B, Roth F, Schneider A. Early data and insights from the vulnerable road user injury prevention alliance (VIPA). In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.211-220.
2019	Schneider A, Ewald C, Roth F, Labenski V, Sherwood C, Crandall JR. Development of a combined injury criteria for the comparative evaluation of long-term injury outcome and mortality risk assessed in car-to-pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.233-242.
2020	Luttenberger P, Feist F, Kofler D, Sinz W, D’Addetta GA, Freienstein H, Wolkenstein M. Assessment of future occupant restraint principles in autonomous vehicles. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.431-455.
2024	Stigson H, Kullgren A, Lubbe N. Descriptive statistics on crashes of e-scooters with passenger cars in Sweden. In: Proceedings of the 2024 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2024; Stockholm, Sweden.934-935.
2013	Stuart CA, Cripton PA, Dressler DM, Dennison CR, Richards D. Bicycle helmet efficacy using Hybrid III and magnesium headforms. In: Proceedings of the 9th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 19-21, 2013; Columbus, OH.
2006	Kimpara H, Nakahira Y, Iwamoto M, Miki K, Ichihara K, Kawano S-i, Taguchi T. Investigation of anteroposterior head-neck responses during severe frontal impacts using a brain-spinal cord complex FE model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:509-544. SAE 2006-22-0019.
2009	Petitjean A, Trosseille X, Petit P, Irwin A, Hassan J, Praxl N. Injury risk curves for the worldSID 50th male dummy. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:443-476. SAE 2009-22-0016.
2010	Hallman JJ, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Biomechanical and injury response to posterolateral loading from torso side airbags. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:227-257. SAE 2010-22-0012.
2010	Rouhana SW, El-Jawahri RE, Laituri TR. Biomechanical considerations for abdominal loading by seat belt pretensioners. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:381-406. SAE 2010-22-0016.
2011	Kent R, Lopez-Valdes FJ, Dennis NJ, Lessley D, Forman J, Higuchi K, Tanji H, Ato T, Kameyoshi H, Arbogast K. Assessment of a three-point restraint system with a pre-tensioned lap belt and an inflatable, force-limited shoulder belt. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:141-159.
2011	Rhule H, Suntay B, Herriott R, Amenson T, Stricklin J, Bolte JH IV. Response of PMHS to high- and low-speed oblique and lateral pneumatic ram impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:281-315.
2011	Somers JT, Granderson B, Melvin JW, Tabiei A, Lawrence C, Feiveson A, Gernhardt M, Ploutz-Snyder R, Patalak J. Development of head injury assessment reference values based on NASA injury modeling. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:49-97.
2012	Petitjean A, Trosseille X, Praxl N, Hynd D, Irwin A. Injury risk curves for the WorldSID 50th male dummy. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:323-347.
2013	Forman JL, Lopez-Valdes F, Lessley DJ, Riley P, Sochor M, Heltzel S, Ash J, Perz R, Kent RW, Seacrist T, Arbogast KB, Tanji H, Higuchi K. Occupant kinematics and shoulder belt retention in far-side lateral and oblique collisions: a parametric study. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:343-385.
2014	Giordano C, Kleiven S. Evaluation of axonal strain as a predictor for mild traumatic brain injuries using finite element modeling. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2014;58:29-61.
2014	Yoganandan N, Moore J, Arun MWJ, Pintar FA. Dynamic responses of intact post mortem human surrogates from inferior-to-superior loading at the pelvis. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2014;58:123-143.
2010	Mandell SP, Kaufman R, Mack CD, Bulger EM. Mortality and injury patterns associated with roof crush in rollover crashes. Accid Anal Prev. July 2010;42(4):1326-1331.
2014	Cripton PA, Dressler DM, Stuart CA, Dennison CR, Richards D. Bicycle helmets are highly effective at preventing head injury during head impact: head-form accelerations and injury criteria for helmeted and unhelmeted impacts. Accid Anal Prev. September 2014;70:1-7.
2015	Ye X, Funk J, Forbes A, Hurwitz S, Shaw G, Crandall J, Freeth R, Michetti C, Rudd R, Scarboro M. Case series analysis of hindfoot injuries sustained by drivers in frontal motor vehicle crashes. Forensic Sci Int. September 2015;254:18-25.
2009	Gabrielli F, Subit D, Ogam E, Guillemain P, Kent RW, Masson C. Time-frequency analysis to detect bone fracture in impact biomechanics. application to the thorax. Med Eng Phys. 2009;31(8):952-958.
2010	Kullgren A, Lie A, Tingvall C. Comparison between Euro NCAP test results and real-world crash data. Traffic Inj Prev. December 2010;11(6):587-93.
2011	Schneider LW, Rupp JD, Scarboro M, Pintar F, Arbogast KB, Rudd RW, Sochor MR, Stitzel J, Sherwood C, MacWilliams JB, Halloway D, Ridella S, Eppinger R. BioTab: a new method for analyzing and documenting injury causation in motor-vehicle crashes. Traffic Inj Prev. June 2011;12(3):256-265.
2020	Thomsen AH. Homicide in Denmark 1992-2016 [PhD thesis]. Aarhus University; 2020.
2011	Alshammari NK. An Investigation Into Spinal Injury from Vehicle Crashes in Saudi Arabia [PhD thesis]. UK, University of Birmingham; April 2011.
2010	Hallman JJ. Detrimental Thoracoabdominal Interaction With Lateral Airbag Restraints [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; December 2010.
2013	Van Toen CY. Biomechanics of Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Under Combined Axial Compression and Lateral Bending Loading [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2013.
2015	Meredith L. Addressing the Gaps in Motorcycle Rider Protection [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2015.
2014	McNamara M. Development of an Interdisciplinary Simulation Environment for Traffic Safety Modeling [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2014.
2017	Sanchez EJ. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Head and Brain Injury Risk Functions [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; December 2017.
2009	Campbell BM. A Numerical Side Impact Model to Investigate Thoracic Injury in Lateral Impact Scenarios [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2009.
2010	Watson B. Evaluation of Thoracic Response in Side Impact Crash [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2010.
2013	Howes MK. Injury Mechanisms, Tissue Properties, and Response of the Post-Mortem Human Abdomen in Frontal Impact [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 2013.
2018	Albert DL. Biomechanical Responses of Human Surrogates Under Various Frontal Loading Conditions With an Emphasis on Thoracic Response and Injury Tolerance [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 19, 2018.
2019	Tatem WM. The Crash Injury Risk to Rear Seated Passenger Vehicle Occupants [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; December 13, 2019.