A study of AIS1 neck injury parameters in 168 frontal collisions using a restrained Hybrid III dummy

Bohman, Katarina<sup>1</sup>; Boström, Ola<sup>1</sup>; Håland, Yngve<sup>1</sup>; Kullgren, Anders<sup>2</sup>

Affiliations

Abstract

The research of AIS1 neck injuries has focused on rear-end collisions, but a great portion of these injuries occur in frontal impacts. AIS1 neck injuries in frontal impacts can be associated with seat belt use and it can be hypothesized that the seat belt may transfer injurious loads to the neck.

This study investigates the influence of the restraint system on the neck loads by using mechanical as well as mathematical (MADYMO) models of the HIII 50th percentile dummy. The mathematical simulations were based on 168 frontal crash pulses collected from crash recorders, installed in passenger cars in Sweden. The neck loads were evaluated by a new neck injury criterion NIC protraction, the upper neck flexion moment and the Nij criterion.

It was found that a pretensioner, a load limiter or an airbag have the potential to reduce the neck loads below recently suggested reference values for long-term neck injuries only as well as short- plus long-term neck injuries. Moreover, the interaction between the pretensioner, the load limiter and the airbag was of great importance in order to minimize the neck loads.

Links

PubMed: 17458721

SAE: 2000-01-SC08

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Cited By (8)

Year	Entry
2005	Manoogian SJ, Kennedy EA, Duma SM. An Updated Literature Review of Musculoskeletal Injuries to the Human Neck and the Effects of Head-Supported Mass Worn by Soldiers. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory; October 2005. USAARL Contract Report CR-2006-01.
2010	Schmitt K-U, Niederer PF, Muser MH, Walz F. Trauma Biomechanics: Accidental Injury in Traffic and Sports. 2nd ed. Deidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2010.
2000	Boström O, Bohman K, Håland Y, Kullgren A, Krafft M. New AIS1 long-term neck injury criteria candidates based on real frontal crash analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.249-264.
2006	Håland Y. The evolution of the three point seat belt from yesterday to tomorrow. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.3-15.
2008	Kullgren A. Dose-response models and edr data for assessment of injury risk and effectiveness of safety systems. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.3-14.
2000	Kullgren A, Krafft M, Malm S, Ydenius A, Tingvall C. Influence of airbags and seatbelt pretensioners on ais1 neck injuries for belted occupants in frontal impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:117-125. SAE 2000-01-SC09.
2017	Butz K, Spurlock C, Roy R, Bell C, Barrett P, Ward A, Xiao X, Shirley A, Welch C, Liste K. Development of the CAVEMAN human body model: validation of lower extremity sub-injurious response to vertical accelerative loading. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2017;61:175-209. SAE 2017-22-0006.
2013	Van Toen CY. Biomechanics of Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Under Combined Axial Compression and Lateral Bending Loading [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2013.