Comparison tests of BioRID II and RID 2 with regard to repeatability, reproducibility and sensitivity for assessment of car seat protection potential in rear-end impacts

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Bortenschlager, K.¹; Kramberger, D.²; Barnsteiner, K.³; Hartlieb, M.⁴; Ferdinand, L.⁵; Leyer, H.⁶; Muser, M.⁷; Schmitt, K.-U.⁷

Comparison tests of BioRID II and RID 2 with regard to repeatability, reproducibility and sensitivity for assessment of car seat protection potential in rear-end impacts

Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:473-488

Affiliations

¹Partnership for Dummy Technology and Biomechanics, Ingolstadt, Germany

²Audi AG, Ingolstadt, Germany

³BMW Group AG, Munich, Germany

⁴DaimlerChrysler AG, Sindelfingen, Germany

⁵Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany

⁶Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany

⁷Working Group on Accident Mechanics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
Abstract and keywords

The objective of our study was to investigate the properties of the BioRID II and RID2 dummies regarding repeatability and reproducibility as well as their suitability to identify the protection potential of different car seats. For repeatability and reproducibility tests, three BioRID II and three RID 2 dummies at current build levels were seated on a rigid bench seat equipped with a head restraint, and mounted on a HyGe-type sled. The test velocity was prescribed by the proposed ISO-Pulse. For testing the interaction of the dummies with varying car seat geometries and mechanical properties and their ability to assess the protection potential of the seats, three seat types with passive and one seat with an active head restraint system from different car manufacturers were used. The seats were chosen due to their injury protection potential, indicated by accident field data and results of seat evaluation tests. One BioRID II equipped with a T1-load cell and one RID2 were positioned side-by-side on identical seats for each test. The tests were performed at velocities prescribed by the ISO-Pulse (Δv 16km/h / 8 g max.) and a more severe pulse (Δv 24km/h / 13 g max.). The dummy responses were interpreted by applying all currently proposed whiplash injury criteria (e.g. NIC, N km , NDC, LNL). A comparison of these criteria shows their sensitivity for identification of the respective seat protection potential. This study examines the repeatability, reproducibility, kinematics and sensitivity of these two dummies in sled tests as well as their suitability with regard to the different injury criteria. The RID2 exhibited better repeatability and reproducibility than the BioRID II, because of its simpler mechanical design. The dummies did not give a consistent ranking of the low-speed, rear-end impact protection potentials of the four seat evaluated. More experience is needed to decide which dummy, injury criteria and limits should be used to assess the whiplash protection potential of seat designs.

Keywords: rear-end collision; neck injuries; whiplash; BioRID; RID; sled test; seat
Links

PubMed: 17096261

SAE: 2003-22-0021

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Cited By (9)

Year	Entry
2010	Schmitt K-U, Niederer PF, Muser MH, Walz F. Trauma Biomechanics: Accidental Injury in Traffic and Sports. 2nd ed. Deidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2010.
2007	Eriksson L, Zellmer H. Assessing the BioRID II repeatability and reproducibility by applying the objective rating method (ORM) on rear-end sled tests. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Bortenschlager K, Hartlieb M, Barnsteiner K, Ferdinand L, Kramberger D, Siems S, Muser M, Schmitt K-U. Review of existing injury criteria and their tolerance limits for whiplash injuries with respect to testing experience and rating systems. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2009	Schmitt K-U, Muser M. Evaluating recent seat models in rear-end impacts according to currently discussed consumer test proposals. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2007	Kang Y, Moorhouse K, Stammen J, Bolte J IV. An experimental seat for measuring external biofidelity in rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2007.29-46.
2021	Östh J, Pipkorn B, Forsberg J, Iraeus J. Numerical reproducibility of human body model crash simulations. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 8-10, 2021; Online.431-443.
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2012	Moorhouse K, Donnelly B, Kang Y-S, Bolte JH IV, Herriott R. Evaluation of the internal and external biofidelity of current rear impact ATDs to response targets developed from moderate-speed rear impacts of PMHS. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:171-229.
2011	Kang YS. Evaluation of Biofidelity of Anthropomorphic Test Devices and Investigation of Cervical Spine Injury in Rear Impacts: Head-Neck Kinematics and Kinetics of Post Mortem Human Subjects [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2011.