Biomechanics of abdominal trauma

Rouhana, Stephen W.

Year	Entry
1992	Schneider LW, Haffner MP, Eppinger RH, Salloum MJ, Beebe MS, Rouhana SW, King AI, Hardy WH, Neathery RF. Development of an advanced ATD thorax system for improved injury assessment in frontal crash environments. In: Proceedings of the 36th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1992; Seattle, WA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:129-155. SAE 922520.
1997	Biard R, Alonzo F, Muge A-C, Dejeammes M, Chamouard F, Tarrière C. Torso improvements in child dummies used for certification tests in Europe. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.231-242. SAE 973315.
1980	The Abbreviated Injury Scale 1980 Revision. Morton Grove, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM); 1980.
1996	Chamouard F, Tarrière C, Baudrit P. Protection of children on board vehicles: influence of pelvis design and thigh and abdomen stiffness on the submarining risk for dummies installed on a booster. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1063-1075.
1993	Tso EL, Beaver BL, Haller JA Jr. Abdominal injuries in restrained pediatric passengers. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28(7):915-919.
1970	Williams JS. The nature of seat belt injuries. In: Proceedings of the 14th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-18, 1970; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:44-65. SAE 700896.
1982	Daniel RP, Koga MS, Prasad P, Yost C. A force measuring mechanical test device for estimating and comparing the energy absorbing characteristics of vehicle interior side panels. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.465-469.
1973	Stalnaker RL, Roberts VL, Mcelhaney JH. Side impact tolerance to blunt trauma. In: Proceedings of the 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1973; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:377-408. SAE 730979.
1984	Prasad P, Daniel RP. A biomechanical analysis of head, neck, and torso injuries to child surrogates due to sudden torso acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 28th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 6-7, 1984; Chicago, IL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:25-40. SAE 841656.
1996	Rangarajan N, Shams T, White RP Jr, Zhao Y-M, Beach D, Haffner M, Eppinger RE, Digges KH. Design and evaluation of an instrumented abdomen for the NHTSA advanced dummy. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1622-1631.
1994	Ishiyama S-i, Tsukada K, Nishigaki H, Ikeda Y, Sakuma S, Matsuoka F, Kanno Y, Hayashi S. Development of an abdominal deformation measuring system for Hybrid III dummy. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:265-279. SAE 942223.
1985	Bergqvist D, Hedelin H, Lindblad B, Mätzsch T. Abdominal injuries in children: an analysis of 348 cases. Injury. 1985;16(4):217-220.
1971	King AI, Crosby WM, Stout LC, Eppinger RH. Effects of lap belt and three-point restraints on pregnant baboons subjected to deceleration. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:68-83. SAE 710850.
1998	Klinich KD, Schneider LW, Moore JL, Pearlman MD. Injuries to pregnant occupants in automotive crashes. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.2046-2064.
1984	Eppinger RH, Marcus JH, Morgan RM. Development of dummy and injury index for NHTSA’s thoracic side impact protection research program. In: Proceedings of the SAE Government/industry Meeting & Exposition. May 21-24, 1984; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 840885.
1980	Walfisch G, Fayon A, Tarriere C, Rosey JP, Guillon F, Got C, Patel A, Stalnaker RL. Designing of a dummy's abdomen for detecting injuries in side impact collisions. In: Proceedings of the 1980 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1980; Birmingham, England.149-164.
1979	Danner M, Langwieder K, Wachter W. Injuries to pedestrians in real accidents and their relation to collision and car characteristics. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1979; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:161-198. SAE 791008.
1982	Eppinger RH, Morgan RM, Marcus JH. Side impact data analysis. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.244-250.
1992	Hill JR, Mackay GM, Morris AP. Chest and abdominal injuries caused by seat belt loading. In: 36th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 1992; Portland, OR.25-41.
1973	Trollope ML, Stalnaker RL, McElhaney JH, Frey CF. The mechanism of injury in blunt abdominal trauma. J Trauma. November 1973;13(11):962-970.
1976	McElhaney JH, Roberts VL, Hilyard JF. Handbook of Human Tolerance. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) Inc; 1976.
1971	McElhaney JH, Stalnaker RL, Roberts VL, Snyder RG. Door crashworthiness criteria. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:489-517. SAE 710864.
1972	McElhaney JH, Roberts VL, Melvin JW, Shelton W, Hammond AJ. Biomechanics of seat belt design. In: Proceedings of the 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1972; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:321-344. SAE 720972.
1987	Czernakowski W, Klanner W. Development of a two-dimensional sensor determining abdominal loading on TNO-dummies. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.323-332.
1996	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Kumaresan S, Sances A Jr, Haffner M. Response of human lower thorax to impact. In: 40th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 7-9, 1996; Vancouver, BC.33-43.
1985	Stalnaker RL, Ulman MS. Abdominal trauma: review, response, and criteria. In: Proceedings of the 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 9-11, 1985; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-16. SAE 851720.
1979	Pope ME, Kroell CK, Viano DC, Warner CY, Allen SD. Postural influences on thoracic impact. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1979; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:767-795. SAE 791028.
1994	Cooper KD, Proctor SM, Ragland DR, Barkan H. Seat belt syndrome: an examination of patterns of injury associated with seat belt use. In: 38th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.11-23.
1993	Talantikite Y, Brun-Cassan F, Lecoz JY, Tarriere C. Abdominal protection in side impact-injury mechanisms and protection criteria. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.131-144.
1985	Rouhana SW, Lau IV, Ridella SA. Influence of velocity and forced compression on the severity of abdominal injury in blunt, nonpenetrating lateral impact. J Trauma. June 1985;25(6):490-500.
1977	Gögler E, Best A, Braess H-H, Burst H-E, Laschet G. Biomechanical experiments with animals on abdominal tolerance levels. In: Proceedings of the 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 19-21, 1977; New Orleans, LA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:713-751. SAE 770931.
1982	Mertz HJ, Driscoll GD, Lenox JB, Nyquist GW, Weber DA. Responses of animals exposed to deployment of various passenger inflatable restraint system concepts for a variety of collision severities and animal positions. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.352-368.
1994	Uriot J, Page M, Tarriére C, Bendjellal F, Loiseleux F, Saloum M, Fournier P. Measurement of submarining on Hybrid III 50° & 5° percentile dummies. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.289-298.
1996	Cavanaugh JM, Walilko T, Chung J, King AI. Abdominal injury and response in side impact. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-16. SAE 962410.
1989	Schneider LW, King AI, Beebe MS. Design Requirements and Specifications: Thorax-Abdomen Development Task: Interim Report: Trauma Assessment Device Development Program. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Traffic Research Institute (UMTRI); November 1989. UMTRI Publication UMTRI 89-20.
1995	Khaewpong N, Nguyen TT, Bents FD, Eichelberger MR, Gotschall CS, Morrissey R. Injury severity in restrained children in motor vehicle crashes. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:403-423. SAE 952711.
1962	Garrett JW, Braunstein PW. The seat belt syndrome. J Trauma. May 1962;2(3):220-238.
1975	Melvin JW, Mohan D, Stalnaker RL. Occupant injury assessment criteria. In: SAE Automobile Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting; 1975. SAE 750914.
1979	Leung YC, Tarrière C, Fayon A, Mairesse P, Delmas A, Banzet P. A comparison between part 572 dummy and human subject in the problem of submarining. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1979; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:677-719. SAE 791026.
1989	Rouhana SW, Kroell CK. The effect of door topography on abdominal injury in lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 4-6, 1989; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:143-151. SAE 892433.
1988	Lau IV, Viano DC. How and when blunt injury occurs: implications to frontal and side impact protection. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1988; Atlanta, GA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:81-100. SAE 881714.
1991	Rutledge R, Thomason M, Oller D, Meredith W, Moylan J, Clancy T, Cunningham P, Baker C. The spectrum of abdominal injuries associated with the use of seat belts. J Trauma. June 1991;31(6):820-826.
1981	Lau V-K, Viano DC. Influence of impact velocity on the severity of nonpenetrating hepatic injury. J Trauma. February 1981;21(2):115-123.
1987	Lau IV, Horsch JD, Viano DC, Andrzejak DV. Biomechanics of liver injury by steering wheel loading. J Trauma. March 1987;27(3):225-235.
1986	Lau IV, Viano DC. The viscous criterion: bases and applications of an injury severity index for soft tissues. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:123-142. SAE 861882.
1987	Rouhana SW. Abdominal injury prediction in lateral impact: an analysis of the biofidelity of the Euro-SID abdomen. In: Proceedings of the 31st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 9-11, 1987; New Orleans, LA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:95-104. SAE 872203.
1986	Rouhana SW, Ridella SA, Viano DC. The effect of limiting impact force on abdominal injury: a preliminary study. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:65-79. SAE 861879.
1987	Brun-Cassan F, Pincemaille Y, Mack P, Tarriere C. Contribution and evaluation of criteria proposed for thorax-abdomen protection in lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.289-301.
1982	Leung YC, Tarrière C, Lestrelin D, Got C, Guillon F, Patel A, Hureau J. Submarining injuries of 3 pt. belted occupants in frontal collisions: description, mechanisms and protection. In: Proceedings of the 26th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 20-21, 1982; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:173-205. SAE 821158.
1973	Melvin JW, Stalnaker RL, Roberts VL, Trollope ML. Impact injury mechanisms in abdominal organs. In: Proceedings of the 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1973; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:115-126. SAE 730968.
1993	Mackay GM, Hill J, Parkin S, Munns JAR. Restrained occupants on the nonstruck side in lateral collisions. Accid Anal Prev. April 1993;25(2):147-152.
1970	Yamada H. Strength of Biological Materials. Evans FG, ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company; 1970.
1991	Anderson PA, Rivara FP, Maier RV, Drake C. The epidemiology of seatbelt-associated injuries. J Trauma. January 1991;31(1):60-67.
1979	Schmidt G. The age as a factor influencing soft tissue injuries. In: Proceedings of the 1979 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 5-7, 1979; Goeteborg, Sweden.143-150.
1998	Elhagediab AM, Rouhana SW. Patterns of abdominal injury in frontal automotive crashes. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.327-337.
1981	Maltha J, Stalnaker RL. Development of a dummy abdomen capable of injury detection in side impacts. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:651-682. SAE 811019.
1984	Mertz HJ. A procedure for normalizing impact response data. In: Proceedings of the SAE Government/industry Meeting & Exposition. May 21-24, 1984; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-8. SAE 840884.
1982	Mertz HJ, Weber DA. Interpretations of the impact responses of a 3-year-old child dummy relative to child injury potential. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.368-376.
1981	Kroell CK, Pope ME, Viano DC, Warner CY, Allen SD. Interrelationship of velocity and chest compression in blunt thoracic impact to swine. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:549-579. SAE 811016.
1985	Galer M, Clark S, Mackay GM, Ashton SJ. The causes of injury in car accidents: an overview of a major study currently underway in Britain. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.513-525. SAE 856070.
1966	Mays ET. Bursting injuries of the liver: a complex surgical challenge. Arch Surg. July 1966;93(1):92-103.
1986	Kroell CK, Allen SD, Warner CY, Perl TR. Interrelationship of velocity and chest compression in blunt thoracic impact to swine II. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:99-121. SAE 861881.
1996	Digges K, Haffner M, Lombardo L, Stucki L, Malliaris A, Augenstein J, Perdeck E. Challenges in injury measurement technology for testing of driver air bag systems. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1578-1583.
1990	Rouhana SW, Jedrzejczak EA, McCleary JD. Assessing submarining and abdominal injury risk in the Hybrid III family of dummies, II: development of the small female frangible abdomen. In: Proceedings of the 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-7, 1990; Orlando, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:145-173. SAE 902317.
1963	Williams RD, Sargent FT. The mechanism of intestinal injury in trauma. J Trauma. May 1963;3(3):288-294.
1987	States JD, Huelke DF, Dance M, Green RN. Fatal injuries caused by underarm use of shoulder belts. J Trauma. July 1987;27(7):740-745.
1994	Haffner M, Kleinberger M, Eppinger R, Hennessey BC, Pritz H, Beebe M, Hagedorn AV, Klinich KD, Ore L, Tanner CB, Kuppa S. Progress in the development of new frontal dummy components for the NHTSA advanced frontal protection program. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1405-1419.
1996	Zhou Q, Rouhana SW, Melvin JW. Age effects on thoracic injury tolerance. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:137-148. SAE 962421.
1981	Kallieris D, Mattern R, Schmidt G, Eppinger RH. Quantification of side impact responses and injuries. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:329-366. SAE 811009.
1980	Hobbs CA. Car occupant injury patterns and mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). October 21-24, 1980; Wolfsburg, Germany.755-768.
1997	Mertz HJ, Prasad P, Irwin AL. Injury risk curves for children and adults in frontal and rear collisions. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:13-30. SAE 973318.
1970	Nahum AM, Siegel AW, Brooks S. The reduction of collision injuries: past, present, and future. In: Proceedings of the 14th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-18, 1970; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-43. SAE 700895.
1973	Nahum AM, Schneider DC. Soft tissue injuries and injury tolerance levels. In: Proceedings of the 1973 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. June 26-27, 1973; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.411-422.
1983	Viano DC, Lau V-K. Role of impact velocity and chest compression in thoracic injury. Aviat Space Environ Med. January 1983;54(1):16-21.
1969	Van Kirk DJ, King AI. A preliminary study of an effective restraint system for pregnant women and children. In: Proceedings of the 13th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 2-4, 1969; Boston, MA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:353-364. SAE 690814.
1994	Campbell F, Woodford M, Yates DW. A comparison of injury impairment scale scores and physician's estimates of impairment following injury to the head, abdomen and lower limbs. In: 38th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.139-148.
1987	Arajärvi E, Santavirta S, Tolonen J. Abdominal injuries sustained in severe traffic accidents by seatbelt wearers. J Trauma. April 1987;27(4):393-397.
1985	Rouhana SW, Foster ME. Lateral impact: an analysis of the statistics in the NCSS. In: Proceedings of the 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 9-11, 1985; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:79-98. SAE 851727.
1967	Bohlin NI. A statistical analysis of 28,000 accident cases with emphasis on occupant restraint value. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:455-478. SAE 670925.
1985	Nusholtz GS, Kaiker PS, Huelke DF, Suggitt BR. Thoraco-abdominal response to steering wheel impacts. In: Proceedings of the 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 9-11, 1985; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:221-267. SAE 851737.
1994	Nusholtz G, Kaiker P. Abdominal response to steering wheel loading. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.118-127.
1986	Cavanaugh JM, Nyquist GW, Goldberg SJ, King AI. Lower abdominal tolerance and response. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:41-63. SAE 861878.
1989	Viano DC, Lau IV, Asbury C, King AI, Begeman P. Biomechanics of the human chest, abdomen, and pelvis in lateral impact. In: 33rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 2-4, 1989; Baltimore, MD.367-382.
1961	Baxter CF, Williams RD. Blunt abdominal trauma. J Trauma. May 1961;1(3):241-247.
1987	Harms PL, Renouf M, Thomas PD, Bradford M. Injuries to restrained car occupants: what are the outstanding problems? In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.183-201.
1975	Marsh JC, Scott RE, Melvin JW. Injury patterns by restraint usage in 1973 and 1974 passenger cars. In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:45-78. SAE 751143.
1994	Lane JC. The seat belt syndrome in children. Accid Anal Prev. 1994;26(6):813-820.
1997	van Ratingen MR, Twisk D, Schrooten M, Beusenberg MC, Barnes A, Platten G. Biomechanically based design and performance targets for a 3-year old child crash dummy for frontal and side impact. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.243-260. SAE 973316.
1985	Horsch JD, Lau IV, Viano DC, Andrzejak DV. Mechanism of abdominal injury by steering wheel loading. In: Proceedings of the 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 9-11, 1985; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:69-78. SAE 851724.
1980	Nusholtz GS, Melvin JW, Mueller G, MacKenzie JR, Burney R. Thoraco-abdominal response and injury. In: Proceedings of the 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 15-17, 1980; Troy, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:189-228. SAE 801305.
1985	Viano DC, Lau IV. Thoracic impact: a viscous tolerance criterion. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.104-114. SAE 856025.
1989	Rouhana SW, Viano DC, Jedrzejczak EA, McCleary JD. Assessing submarining and abdominal injury risk in the Hybrid III family of dummies. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 4-6, 1989; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:257-279. SAE 892440.
1994	Langwieder K, Hummel T. Biomechanical risk factors for children in cars and aggravation by misuse of restraint systems. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1584-1597.

Year	Entry
2010	Schmitt K-U, Niederer PF, Muser MH, Walz F. Trauma Biomechanics: Accidental Injury in Traffic and Sports. 2nd ed. Deidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2010.
2009	Arbogast KB, Jermakian JS, Ghati Y. Abdominal injuries in belt-positioning booster seats. In: 53rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 2009; Baltimore, MD.209-219.
2010	Lamp JF, Salzar R, Kerrigan J, Parent D, Lopez-Valdez F, Lau S, Lessley D, Kent R, Luck J, Loyd A, Bass C. Expansion and evaluation of data characterizing the structural behavior of the pediatric abdomen. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.89-95.
2005	Arbogast KB, Mong DA, Marigowda S, Kent RW, Stacey S, Mattice J, Tanji H, Higuchi K, Rouhana SW. Evaluating pediatric abdominal injuries. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2004	Sparks JL, Stammen J, Herriott R, Jones KH. An intravascular pressure measurement technique applied to impact testing of unembalmed human liver specimens. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2004.17-29.
2005	Stacey SC, Mattice JM, Kindig MW, Forman JL, Woods WA, Evans JC, Kent RW. Response of the pediatric abdomen to seatbelt loading using a porcine model. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2005.55-66.
2009	Arregui-Dalmases C, Del Pozo E, Kindig M, Lopez-Valdes F, Forman J, Kent R. The magnitude, phasing, and attenuation of pressure waves in the aorta during abdominal belt loading. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.69-83.
2011	Untaroiu CD, Bose D, Lu Y, Riley P, Lessley D, Sochor M. Abdominal and thoracic response to loading of pretensioner restraint systems. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2011; Krakow, Poland.154-168.
2017	Visvikis C, Carroll J, Klimitsch C. Sensitivity of the Q‐series abdominal pressure twin sensors to loading type and position in dynamic restraint system loading tests. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.234-243.
2018	Visvikis C, Carrol J, Pitcher M, Waagmeester K. Assessing lap belt path and submarining risk in booster seats: abdominal pressure twin sensors vs. anterior‐superior iliac spine load cells. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.655-668.
2020	Visvikis C, Thurn C, Müller T. Investigation of different methods of improving the assessment of booster seats in light of dummy and sensor capabilities. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.487-498.
2005	Sparks JL, Stammen J, Herriott R, Jones KH. Using fluid-filled catheters to measure intravascular pressure gradients in impact tests of unembalmed liver specimens. In: Proceedings of the 1st Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 19-21, 2005; Columbus, OH.
2006	Kindig MW, Stacey SC, Mattice JM, Forman JL, Evans JC, Woods WA, Kent RW. Evaluating the abdominal response of a porcine surrogate to lap belt loading. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 17-19, 2006; Columbus, OH.
2006	Sparks J, Stammen J, Herriott R, Jones K, Bolte J IV. Intravascular pressure as a predictor of injury severity in blunt hepatic trauma. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 17-19, 2006; Columbus, OH.
2004	Shaw G, Lessley D, Bolton J, Crandall J. Assessment of the Thor and Hybrid III crash dummies: steering wheel rim impacts to the upper abdomen. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 8-11, 2004; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2004-01-0310.
2005	Shaw G, Lessley D, Crandall J, Kent R, Kitis L. Elimination of thoracic muscle tensing effects for frontal crash dummies. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 11-14, 2005; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2005-01-0307.
2004	Arbogast KB, Chen I, Nance ML, Durbin DR, Winston FK. Predictors of pediatric abdominal injury risk. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:479-494. SAE 2004-22-0021.
2005	Ruan JS, El-Jawahri R, Barbat S, Prasad P. Biomechanical analysis of human abdominal impact responses and injuries through finite element simulations of a full human body model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2005;49:343-366. SAE 2005-22-0016.
2006	Kent R, Stacey S, Kindig M, Forman J, Woods W, Rouhana SW, Higuchi K, Tanji H, St. Lawrence S, Arbogast KB. Biomechanical response of the pediatric abdomen, I: development of an experimental model and quantification of structural response to dynamic belt loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:1-26. SAE 2006-22-0001.
2007	Sparks JL, Bolte JH IV, Dupaix RB, Jones KH, Steinberg SM, Herriott RG, Stammen JA, Donnelly BR. Using pressure to predict liver injury risk from blunt impact. Stapp Car Crash J. 2007;51:401-432. SAE 2007-22-0017.
2008	Kent R, Stacey S, Kindig M, Woods W, Evans J, Rouhana SW, Higuchi K, Tanji H, St. Lawrence S, Arbogast KB. Biomechanical response of the pediatric abdomen, II: injuries and their correlation with engineering parameters. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2008;52:135-166.
2008	Lamielle S, Vezin P, Verriest J-P, Petit P, Trosseille X, Vallancien G. 3D deformation and dynamics of the human cadaver abdomen under seatbelt loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:267-294. SAE 2008-22-0011.
2008	Michaelson J, Forman J, Kent R, Kuppa S. Rear seat occupant safety: kinematics and injury of PMHS restrained by a standard 3-point belt in frontal crashes. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:295-325. SAE 2008-22-0012.
2010	Klinich KD, Flannagan CAC, Nicholson K, Schneider LW, Rupp JD. Factors associated with abdominal injury in frontal, farside, and nearside crashes. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:73-91. SAE 2010-22-0005.
2010	Rouhana SW, El-Jawahri RE, Laituri TR. Biomechanical considerations for abdominal loading by seat belt pretensioners. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:381-406. SAE 2010-22-0016.
2011	Kremer MA, Gustafson HM, Bolte JH IV, Stammen J, Donnelly B, Herriott R. Pressure-based abdominal injury criteria using isolated liver and full-body post-mortem human subject impact tests. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:317-350.
2013	Miller CS, Madura NH, Schneider LW, Klinich KD, Reed MP, Rupp JD. PMHS impact response in 3 m/s and 8 m/s nearside impacts with abdomen offset. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:387-425.
2001	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Maltese MR. Biomechanics of abdominal injuries. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2001;29(2):173-246.
2005	Snedeker JG, Barbezat M, Niederer P, Schmidlin FR, Farshad M. Strain energy density as a rupture criterion for the kidney: impact tests on porcine organs, finite element simulation, and a baseline comparison between human and porcine tissues. J Biomech. May 2005;38(5):993-1001.
2007	Arbogast KB, Kent RW, Menon RA, Ghati Y, Durbin DR, Rouhana SW. Mechanisms of abdominal organ injury in seat belt-restrained children. J Trauma. 2007;62(6):1473-1480.
2007	Sparks JL. Biomechanics of Blunt Liver Injury: Relating Internal Pressure to Injury Severity and Developing a Constitutive Model of Stress-Strain Behavior [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2007.
2010	Kremer MA. An Investigation Into Pressure-Based Abdominal Injury Criteria Using Isolated Liver and Full-Body Post-Mortem Human Subject Impact Tests [Master's thesis]. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University; 2010.
2013	Van Toen CY. Biomechanics of Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Under Combined Axial Compression and Lateral Bending Loading [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2013.
2013	Howes MK. Injury Mechanisms, Tissue Properties, and Response of the Post-Mortem Human Abdomen in Frontal Impact [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 2013.
2006	Eck JV. Biomechanical Response and Abdominal Injury Due to Blunt Ballistic Impacts [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; December 2006.