Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems

Year	Entry
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1997	Kleinberger M, Summers L. Mechanisms of injuries for adults and children resulting from airbag interaction. In: 41st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 10-11, 1997; Orlando, FL.405-420.
1996	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Maiman DJ, Cusick JF, Sances A Jr, Walsh PR. Human head-neck biomechanics under axial tension. Med Eng Phys. June 1996;18(4):289-294.
1965	Patrick LM, Lissner HR, Gurdjian ES. Survival by design: head protection. In: Severy DM, ed. Proceedings of the 7th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. 1963; University of California at Los Angeles. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1965:483-499.
1975	Neathery RF, Kroell CK, Mertz HJ. Prediction of thoracic injury from dummy responses. In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:295-316. SAE 751151.
1986	Lau IV, Viano DC. The viscous criterion: bases and applications of an injury severity index for soft tissues. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:123-142. SAE 861882.
1965	Gurdjian ES, Lissner HR, Patrick LM. Concussion: mechanism and pathology. In: Severy DM, ed. Proceedings of the 7th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. 1963; University of California at Los Angeles. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1965:470-482.
1989	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL, Melvin JW, Stalnaker RL, Beebe MS. Size, weight and biomechanical impact response requirements for adult size small female and large male dummies. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 27–March 3, 1989; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 890756.
1970	Stapp JP. Voluntary human tolerance levels. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:308-349.
1991	Horsch JD, Viano DC, DeCou J. History of safety research and development on the General Motors energy-absorbing steering system. In: Proceedings of the 35th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 18-20, 1991; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-46. SAE 912890.
1992	Shea M, Wittenberg RH, Edwards WT, White AA III, Hayes WC. In vitro hyperextension injuries in the human cadaveric cervical spine. J Orthop Res. November 1992;10(6):911-916.
1988	Lau IV, Viano DC. How and when blunt injury occurs: implications to frontal and side impact protection. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1988; Atlanta, GA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:81-100. SAE 881714.
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1971	Mertz HJ, Gadd CW. Thoracic tolerance to whole-body deceleration. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:135-157. SAE 710852.
1978	Foret-Bruno JY, Hartemann F, Thomas C, Fayon A, Tarrière C, Got C, Patel A. Correlation between thoracic lesions and force values measured at the shoulder of 92 belted occupants involved in real accidents. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 24-26, 1978; Ann Arobor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:271-292. SAE 780892.
1980	McPherson GK, Kriewall TJ. The elastic modulus of fetal cranial bone: a first step towards an understanding of the biomechanics of fetal head molding. J Biomech. 1980;13(1):9-16.
1997	Crandall JR, Duma SM, Bass CR, Pilkey WD, Kuppa SM, Khaewpong N, Eppinger R. Thoracic response and trauma of out-of-position drivers resulting from air bag deployment. In: 41st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 10-11, 1997; Orlando, FL.387-404.
1981	Kroell CK, Pope ME, Viano DC, Warner CY, Allen SD. Interrelationship of velocity and chest compression in blunt thoracic impact to swine. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:549-579. SAE 811016.
1959	Eiband AM. Human Tolerance to Rapidly Applied Accelerations: A Summary of the Literature. Washington, DC: National Aeronatics and Space Administration; June 1959. NASA Memorandum 5-19-59E.
1984	Prasad P, Mertz HJ. The position of the United States delegation to the ISO working group 6 on the use of HIC in the automotive environment. In: Proceedings of the SAE Government/industry Meeting & Exposition. May 20-23, 1984; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 851246.
1984	Prasad P, Daniel RP. A biomechanical analysis of head, neck, and torso injuries to child surrogates due to sudden torso acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 28th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 6-7, 1984; Chicago, IL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:25-40. SAE 841656.
1980	Nyquist GW, Begman PC, King AI, Mertz HJ. Correlation of field injuries and GM Hybrid III dummy responses for lap-shoulder belt restraint. J Biomech Eng. May 1980;102(2):103-109.
1973	Hodgson VR, Thomas LM, Brinn J. Concussion levels determined by HPR windshield impacts. In: Proceedings of the 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1973; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:171-190. SAE 730970.
1989	Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1989.
1982	Lenox JB, Stalnaker RL, White CD, Moore GT, Anderson OM, Schleicher RR, Peel HH, Martin SS, Driscoll GD, Huntington HW, Carey KD, Haffner MP, Ommaya AK. Development of neck injury tolerance criteria in human surrogates, I: static tensile loading in the baboon neck: preliminary observations. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.279-286.
1977	Snyder RG, Schneider LW, Owings CL, Reynolds HM, Golomb DH, Schork MA. Anthropometry of Infants, Children and Youths to Age 18 for Product Safety Design: Final Report. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan, Highway Safety Research Institute; May 31, 1977. Report No. UM-HSRI-77-17.
1990	Cesari D, Bouquet R. Behaviour of human surrogates thorax under belt loading. In: Proceedings of the 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-7, 1990; Orlando, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:73-81. SAE 902310.
1996	Mertz HJ, Prasad P, Nusholtz G. Head injury risk assessment for forehead impacts. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 26–March 1, 1996; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 960099.
1997	Mertz HJ, Prasad P, Irwin AL. Injury risk curves for children and adults in frontal and rear collisions. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:13-30. SAE 973318.
1994	Morgan RM, Eppinger RH, Haffner MP, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Sances A, Crandall JR, Pilkey WD, Klopp GS, Kallieris D, Miltner E, Mattern R, Kuppa SM, Sharpless CL. Thoracic trauma assessment formulations for restrained drivers in simulated frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:15-34. SAE 942206.
1951	Langhaar HL. Dimensional Analysis and Theory of Models. New York, NY: Inc., John Wily & Sons; 1951.
1995	Melvin JW. Injury assessment reference values for the CRABI 6-month infant dummy in a rear-facing infant restraint with airbag deployment. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 27–March 2, 1995; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 950872.
1991	Mertz HJ, Horsch JD, Horn G, Lowne RW. Hybrid III sternal deflection associated with thoracic injury severities of occupants restrained with force-limiting shoulder belts. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 25–March 1, 1991; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:105-119. SAE 910812.
1971	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:84-134. SAE 710851.
1989	Eppinger RH. On the development of a deformation measurement system and its application toward developing mechanically based injury indices. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 4-6, 1989; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:21-28. SAE 892426.
1974	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax II. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:383-457. SAE 741187.
1993	Hertz E. A note on the head injury criterion (HIC) as a predictor of the risk of skull fracture. In: 37th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 4-6, 1993; San Antonio, TX.303-312.
1991	Yoganandan N, Skrade D, Pintar FA, Reinartz J, Sances A Jr. Thoracic deformation contours in a frontal impact. In: Proceedings of the 35th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 18-20, 1991; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:47-63. SAE 912891.
1981	Lau V-K, Viano DC. Influence of impact velocity and chest compression on experimental pulmonary injury severity in rabbits. J Trauma. December 1981;22(12):1022-1028.
1978	Got C, Patel A, Fayon A, Tarrière C, Walfisch G. Results of experimental head impacts on cadavers: the various data obtained and their relations to some measured physical parameters. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 24-26, 1978; Ann Arobor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:57-99. SAE 780887.
1971	Mertz HJ, Patrick LM. Strength and response of the human neck. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:207-255. SAE 710855.
1966	Gadd CW. Use of a weighted-impulse criterion for estimating injury hazard. In: Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-9, 1966; Hollomon Air Force Base, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:164-174. SAE 660793.
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Year	Entry
2002	Cavanaugh JM. Biomechanics of thoracic trauma. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2002:374-404.
1999	Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, Zhang A, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); November 1999.
2004	Haug E, Choi H-Y, Robin S, Beaugonin M. Human models for crash and impact simulation. In: Ayache N, ed. Computational Models for the Human Body. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V; 2004:231-452. Ciarlet PG, ed. Handbook of Numerical Analysis; vol 12.
2005	Manoogian SJ, Kennedy EA, Duma SM. An Updated Literature Review of Musculoskeletal Injuries to the Human Neck and the Effects of Head-Supported Mass Worn by Soldiers. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory; October 2005. USAARL Contract Report CR-2006-01.
2010	Schmitt K-U, Niederer PF, Muser MH, Walz F. Trauma Biomechanics: Accidental Injury in Traffic and Sports. 2nd ed. Deidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2010.
2005	Mackay M. The contribution of accident investigation research to biomechanics. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:3-16. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
2005	Viano DC. Head impact biomechanics in sport: implications to head and neck injury tolerances. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:121-130. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
2005	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Zhang J, Gennarelli TA, Beuse N. Biomechanical aspects of blunt and penentrating head injuries. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:173-184. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
2015	Cavanaugh JM, Yoganandan N. Thorax injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:331-372.
2015	Arbogast KB, Maltese MR. Pediatric biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:643-696.
2015	Petitjean A, Trosseille X, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Normalization and scaling for human response corridors and development of injury risk curves. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:769-792.
1999	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Gennarelli TA. Head and neck tension biomechanical models for pediatric and small female populations. In: 43rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 20-21, 1999; Barcelon, Spain.357-366.
1999	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA, Seipel R, Marks R. Biomechanical tolerance of calcaneal fractures. In: 43rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 20-21, 1999; Barcelon, Spain.345-356.
2011	Yoganandan N, Humm J, Pintar FA, Wolfla CE, Maiman DJ. Lateral neck injury assessments in side impact using post mortem human subject tests. In: 55th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 3-5, 2011; Paris, France.169-179.
2012	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Moore J, Rinaldi J, Schlick M, Maiman DJ. Upper and lower neck loads in belted human surrogates in frontal impacts. In: 56th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 14-17, 2012; Seattle, WA.125-136.
2001	Schmitt K-U, Muser MH, Niederer P. A new neck injury criterion candidate for rear-end collisions taking into account shear forces and bending moments. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2001	Kuchar AC. A systems modeling methodology for estimation of harm in the automotive crash environment. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2003	Kleinberger M, Voo L, Merkle A, Bevan M, Chang S-S, McKoy F. The role of seatback and head restraint design parameters on rear impact occupant dynamics. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	Lemmen P, van der Zweep C, Leneman F, Altamore P. Numerical fleet optimization studies for improved compatibility. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2009	O’Brien-Mitchell B, Bailey K, Faust D, Jensen J, Kleinert J, Wodzinski C, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Wang S. Analysis of injury trends in frontal University of Michigan CIREN cases in the context of crash tests. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2015	Paine D, Paine M, Smith J, Leavy D, Suratno B, Mclean S, Brown J, Newland C, Haley J, Case M. Crash protection offered to small occupants in an offset frontal crash. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2000	Linder A, Schmitt K-U, Walz F, Ono K. Neck modelling for rear-end impact simulations: a comparison between a multi body system (MBS) and a finite element (FE) model. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.491-494.
2000	Muser MH, Walz FH, Zellmer H. Biomechanical significance of the rebound phase in low speed rear end impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.411-424.
2002	Liu X, Yang J. Effects of vehicle impact velocity and front-end structure on the dynamic responses of child pedestrians. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 18-20, 2002; Munich, Germany.
2004	Sendur P, Thibodeau R, Burge J, Tencer A. Parametric analysis of vehicle design influence on the four phases of whiplash motion. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.257-268.
2006	Bass CRD, Donnellan L, Salzar R, Lucas S, Folk B, Davis M, Rafaels K, Planchak C, Meyerhoff K, Ziemba A, Alem N. A new neck injury criterion in combined vertical/frontal crashes with head supported mass. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.75-91.
2007	van der Laan E, Veldpaus F, Steinbuch M. Control oriented modeling of vehicular occupants and restraint systems. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.47-58.
2008	Bass CRD, Crandall JR, Salzar RS, Rafaels K, Damon A, Lucas S. Reinterpreting the neck injury index (NII) using experimental cadaveric tests. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.353-365.
2016	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Chirvi S, Chancey VC, McEntire BJ. Lower neck injury criteria from post‐mortem human subject tests using an injury mechanism approach. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.160-161.
2018	Zhao W, Ji S. Inter‐subject variability in brain regional peak strains. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.399-400.
2018	Abraczinskas A, Beltran C, Olszko A, Baisden J, Yoganandan N, Pintar F, Dargie A, Vasquez K, Chancey V. Injuries and injury risk curves from historical non‐human primate whole‐body, +Gz acceleration tests. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.739-751.
2020	Cebeci Ö, Checa S. Investigation of proximal femoral loads under low energy impact falls using human body models. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.169-198.
2021	Kang Y-S, Millis W, Thomas C, Stricklin J, Willis A, Pradhan V, Tesny A, Kwon HJ, Ramachandra R, Moorhouse K. Head-to-T1 relative rotation of the BioRID-II, Hybrid III, and post mortem human subjects with increased backsets in moderate-speed rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 8-10, 2021; Online.732-752.
2022	Ortiz-Paparoni MA, Morino CF, Op ‘t Eynde J, Kait JR, Bass CR. Translating post-mortem human subject injury risk to dummy injury risk at iso-energy. In: Proceedings of the 2022 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2022; Porto, Portugal.243-249.
2017	Dowling-Medley J, Doodkorte RJ, Melnyk AD, Cripton PA, Oxland TR. Load-displacement characteristics of the cervical spine during shear loading. In: Proceedings of the 13th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 21-23, 2017; Columbus, OH.
1999	Nusholtz G, Mosier R. Consistent threshold estimate for doubly censored biomechanical data. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. March 1-4, 1999; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 1999-01-0714.
2000	Bass CR, Wang C, Crandall J. Error analysis of curvature-based contour measurement devices. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress. March 6-9, 2000; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2000-01-0054.
2004	Ivarsson BJ, Crandall JR, Longhitano D, Okamoto M. Lateral injury criteria for the 6-year-old pedestrian, I: criteria for the head, neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 8-11, 2004; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2004-01-0323.
1999	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Maltese MR, Samaha RR, Eppinger RH. Three-year-old child out-of-position side airbag studies. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 25-27, 1999; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:25-38. SAE 99SC03.
2000	Halldin PH, Brolin K, Kleiven S, von Holst H, Jakobsson L, Palmertz C. Investigation of conditions that affect neck compression-flexion injuries using numerical techniques. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:127-138. SAE 2000-01-SC10.
2016	Yoganandan N, Chirvi S, Pintar FA, Uppal H, Schlick M, Banerjee A, Voo L, Merkle A, Kleinberger M. Foot–ankle fractures and injury probability curves from post-mortem human surrogate tests. Ann Biomed Eng. October 2016;44(10):2937-2947.
2009	Salzar RS, Bolton JR, Crandall JR, Paskoff GR, Shender BS. Ejection injury to the spine in small aviators: sled tests of manikins vs. post mortem specimens. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2009;80(7):621-628.
2007	Young D, Grzebieta R, McIntosh A, Bambach M, Frechede B. Diving versus roof intrusion: a review of rollover injury causation. Int J Crashworthiness. 2007;12(6):609-628.
2002	Kleiven S, von Holst H. Consequences of head size following trauma to the human head. J Biomech. 2002;35(2):153-160.
2014	Yoganandan N, Arun MWJ, Pintar FA. Normalizing and scaling of data to derive human response corridors from impact tests. J Biomech. June 3, 2014;47(8):1749-1756.
2017	Yoganandan N, Chirvi S, Voo L, DeVogel N, Pintar FA, Banerjee A. Foot-ankle complex injury risk curves using calcaneus bone mineral density data. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. August 2017;72:246-251.
2006	Ouyang J, Zhao W, Xu Y, Chen W, Zhong S. Thoracic impact testing of pediatric cadaveric subjects. J Trauma. December 2006;61(6):1492-1500.
2005	Viano DC, Pellman EJ. Concussion in professional football: biomechanics of the striking player: part 8. Neurosurgery. February 2005;56(2):266-278.
2001	Viano DC, Hardy WN, King AI. Response of the head, neck and torso to pendulum impacts on the back. J Crash Prev Injury Control. 2001;2(4):289-306.
2002	Schmitt K-U, Muser MH, Walz FH, Niederer PF. N_km: a proposal for a neck protection criterion for low-speed rear-end impacts. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(2):117-126.
2002	Muser MH, Walz FH, Schmitt K-U. Injury criteria applied to seat comparison tests. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(3):224-232.
2010	Bass CR, Salzar RS, Lucas SR, Rafaels KA, Damon AM, Crandall JR. Re-evaluating the neck injury index (NII) using experimental PMHS tests. Traffic Inj Prev. 2010;11(2):194-201.
2011	Alshammari NK. An Investigation Into Spinal Injury from Vehicle Crashes in Saudi Arabia [PhD thesis]. UK, University of Birmingham; April 2011.
2012	Carlsson A. Addressing Female Whiplash Injury Protection: A Step Towards 50th Percentile Female Rear Impact Occupant Models [PhD thesis]. Gothenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology; 2012.
2005	Mellander H. Interior Frontal Crash Protection for Passenger Cars At High Delta-V: Possibilities and Limitations [PhD thesis]. Cranfield University; March 2005.
2005	Chancey VC. Strength of the Human Neck: Understanding the Contributions of the Ligamentous and Muscular Spine in Tension and Bending [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2005.
2011	Loyd AM. Studies of the Human Head from Neonate to Adult: An Inertial, Geometrical and Structural Analysis With Comparisons to the ATD Head [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2011.
2002	Kleiven S. Finite Element Modeling of the Human Head [PhD thesis]. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology; 2002.
2011	Kang YS. Evaluation of Biofidelity of Anthropomorphic Test Devices and Investigation of Cervical Spine Injury in Rear Impacts: Head-Neck Kinematics and Kinetics of Post Mortem Human Subjects [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2011.
2015	Schafman MA. Dynamic Structural Properties of Human Ribs in Frontal Loading [Master's thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2015.
2017	Shurtz BK. Human Thoracic Response to Impact: Chestband Effects, the Strain-Deflection Relationship, and Small Females in Side Impact Crashes [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2017.
2009	Walsh JC. The Influence of Scoliosis and Wheechair Customisations in Rear Impact [PhD thesis]. Dublin, Ireland: Trinity College Dublin; 2009.
2017	Yu HY. A Laboratory Study on the Effect of Helmet Fit on Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact [Master's thesis]. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta; 2017.
2023	Li Y. Toward a Biofidelic and Repeatable Physical Head-Brain Model for Application in Blunt Impact [PhD thesis]. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta; 2023.
2018	Dowling-Medley J. Biomechanics of the Lower Cervical Spine During Shear Loading [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; May 2018.
2006	Gibson T. Development and Validation of a C5/C6 Motion Segment Model [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; January 4, 2006.
2009	Ibrahim NG. Head Injury Biomechanics in Toddlers: Integrated Clinical, Anthropomorphic Dummy, Animal and Finite Element Model Studies: Implications for Age-Dependence [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2009.
2012	Maltese MR. Traumatic Brain Injury Thresholds in the Pre-Adolescent Juvenile [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2012.
2018	Atlan LS. Direction-Dependent Responses to Traumatic Brain Injury in Pediatric Pigs [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2018.
2013	Foster J. Injury Mechanisms and Priorities for Cervical Spine Trauma Mitigation in Rollover Crashes: The Development and Analysis of in Vitro Testing of Axial Compressive Cervical Spine Impacts [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2013.
2005	Forbes PA. Development of a Human Body Model for the Analysis of Side Impact Automotive Thoracic Trauma [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2005.
2008	Thor CP. Characteristics of Thoracic Organ Injuries in Frontal Crashes [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; December 10, 2008.
2005	Yliniemi EM. Dynamic Tensile Neck Injury: A Post Mortem Human Study [PhD thesis]. Seattle, WA: University of Washington; 2005.
2021	Islam SU. Significance of the Neck in Concussive Head Impacts: A Computational Approach [Master's thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2021.