Biomechanics of thoracic trauma

Cavanaugh, John M.

Year	Entry
1992	Schneider LW, Haffner MP, Eppinger RH, Salloum MJ, Beebe MS, Rouhana SW, King AI, Hardy WH, Neathery RF. Development of an advanced ATD thorax system for improved injury assessment in frontal crash environments. In: Proceedings of the 36th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1992; Seattle, WA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:129-155. SAE 922520.
1985	The Abbreviated Injury Scale 1985 Revision. Arlington Heights, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM); 1985.
1980	The Abbreviated Injury Scale 1980 Revision. Morton Grove, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM); 1980.
1978	Viano DC. Thoracic injury potential. In: Proceedings of the 1978 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 12-13, 1978; Lyon, France.142-156.
1998	Kuppa SM, Eppinger RH. Development of an improved thoracic injury criterion. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:139-153. SAE 983153.
1975	Neathery RF, Kroell CK, Mertz HJ. Prediction of thoracic injury from dummy responses. In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:295-316. SAE 751151.
1974	Neathery RF. Analysis of chest impact response data and scaled performance recommendations. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:459-493. SAE 741188.
1978	Eppinger RH, Augustyn K, Robbins DH. Development of a promising universal thoracic trauma prediction methodology. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 24-26, 1978; Ann Arobor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:211-268. SAE 780891.
1997	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Hines MH, Maltese MR, McFadden J, Saul R, Eppinger R, Khaewpong N, Kleinberger M. Chestband analysis of human tolerance to side impact. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:63-74. SAE 973320.
1975	Fayon A, Tarriere C, Walfisch G, Got C, Patel A. Thorax of 3-point belt wearers during a crash (experiments with cadavers). In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:195-223. SAE 751148.
1987	Viano DC. Evaluation of the benefit of energy-absorbing material in side impact protection: part I. In: Proceedings of the 31st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 9-11, 1987; New Orleans, LA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:185-203. SAE 872212.
1987	Viano DC. Evaluation of the benefit of energy-absorbing material in side impact protection: Part II. In: Proceedings of the 31st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 9-11, 1987; New Orleans, LA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:205-224. SAE 872213.
1984	Eppinger RH, Marcus JH, Morgan RM. Development of dummy and injury index for NHTSA’s thoracic side impact protection research program. In: Proceedings of the SAE Government/industry Meeting & Exposition. May 21-24, 1984; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 840885.
1985	Eppinger RH, Marcus J. Production of injury in blunt frontal impact. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.90-104. SAE 856024.
1982	Walfisch G, Chamouard F, Lestrelin D, Fayon A, Tarrière C, Got C, Guillon F, Patel A, Hureau J. Tolerance limits and mechanical characteristics of the human thorax in frontal and side impact and transposition of these characteristics into protection criteria. In: Proceedings of the 1982 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1982; Cologne, Germany.122-139.
1985	Walfisch G, Chamouard F, Lestrelin D, Tarriere C, Brun Cassan F, Mack P, Got C, Guillon F, Patel A, Hureau J. Predictive functions for thoracic injuries to belt wearers in frontal collisions and their conversion into protection criteria. In: Proceedings of the 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 9-11, 1985; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:49-68. SAE 851722.
1981	Lau V-K, Viano DC. Influence of impact velocity and chest compression on experimental pulmonary injury severity in rabbits. J Trauma. December 1981;22(12):1022-1028.
1982	Eppinger RH, Morgan RM, Marcus JH. Side impact data analysis. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.244-250.
1990	Beebe MS. What is Biosid? In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 26–March 2, 1990; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 900377.
1971	Mertz HJ, Gadd CW. Thoracic tolerance to whole-body deceleration. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:135-157. SAE 710852.
1998	Scherer RD, Kirkish SL, McCleary JP, Rouhana SW, Athey JB, Balser JS, Hultman RW, Mertz HJ, Berliner JM, Xu L, Kostyniuk GW, Salloum M, Wang Z, Morgan CR. SID-IIs Beta⁺-prototype dummy biomechanical responses. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:89-114. SAE 983151.
1994	Huang Y, King AI, Cavanaugh JM. A MADYMO model of near-side human occupants in side impacts. J Biomech Eng. April 1994;116(2):228-235.
1987	Marcus JH, Blodgett R. Priorities of automobile crash safety based on impairment. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.257-269.
1991	King AI, Huang Y, Cavanaugh JM. Protection of occupants against side impact. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.516-523.
1982	Cheng R, Yang KH, Levine RS, King AI, Morgan R. Injuries to the cervical spine caused by a distributed frontal load to the chest. In: Proceedings of the 26th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 20-21, 1982; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-40. SAE 821155.
1984	Cheng R, Yang K-H, Levine RS, King AI. Dynamic impact loading of the femur under passive restrained condition. In: Proceedings of the 28th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 6-7, 1984; Chicago, IL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:101-118. SAE 841661.
1970	Stapp JP. Voluntary human tolerance levels. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:308-349.
1973	Lobdell TE, Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Hering WE, Nahum AM. Impact response of the human thorax. In: King WF, Mertz HJ, eds. Human Impact Response: Measurement and Simulation. Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Impact Response held at the General Motors Research Laboratorie; October 2-3, 1972; Warren, MI. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1973:201-243.
1994	Cavanaugh JM, Walilko T, Walbridge A, Huang Y, King AI. An evaluation of TTI and ASA in SID side impact sled tests. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:293-308. SAE 942225.
1959	Eiband AM. Human Tolerance to Rapidly Applied Accelerations: A Summary of the Literature. Washington, DC: National Aeronatics and Space Administration; June 1959. NASA Memorandum 5-19-59E.
1990	Cavanaugh JM, Walilko TJ, Malhotra A, Zhu Y, King AI. Biomechanical response and injury tolerance of the pelvis in twelve sled side impacts. In: Proceedings of the 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-7, 1990; Orlando, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-12. SAE 902305.
1993	Cavanaugh JM, Zhu Y, Huang Y, King AI. Injury and response of the thorax in side impact cadaveric tests. In: Proceedings of the 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 7-8, 1993; San Antonio, TX. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:199-221. SAE 933127.
1998	Foret-Bruno J-Y, Trosseille X, Le Coz J-Y, Bendjellal F, Steyer C, Phalempin T, Villeforceix D, Dandres P, Got C. Thoracic injury risk in frontal car crashes with occupant restrained with belt load limiter. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:331-352. SAE 983166.
1995	Viano D, Fan A, Ueno K, Walilko T, Cavanaugh J, King A. Biofidelity and injury assessment in Eurosid I and Biosid. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:307-325. SAE 952731.
1980	Takeda H, Kobayashi S. Injuries to children from airbag deployment. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). October 21-24, 1980; Wolfsburg, Germany.325-332.
1975	Melvin JW, Mohan D, Stalnaker RL. Occupant injury assessment criteria. In: SAE Automobile Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting; 1975. SAE 750914.
1994	Cesari D, Bouquet R. Comparison of Hybrid III and human cadaver thorax deformations loaded by a thoracic belt. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:65-76. SAE 942209.
1995	Daniel RP, Irwin A, Athey J, Balser J, Eichbrecht P, Hultman RW, Kirkish S, Kneisly A, Mertz H, Nusholtz G, Rouhana S, Scherer R, Salloum M, Smrcka J. Technical specifications of the SID-IIs dummy. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:359-388. SAE 952735.
1993	Irwin AL, Walilko TJ, Cavanaugh JM, Zhu Y, King AI. Displacement responses of the shoulder and thorax in lateral sled impacts. In: Proceedings of the 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 7-8, 1993; San Antonio, TX. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:165-173. SAE 933124.
1981	Lau V-K, Viano DC. Influence of impact velocity on the severity of nonpenetrating hepatic injury. J Trauma. February 1981;21(2):115-123.
1991	Horsch JD, Melvin JW, Viano DC, Mertz HJ. Thoracic injury assessment of belt restraint systems based on Hybrid III chest compression. In: Proceedings of the 35th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 18-20, 1991; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:85-108. SAE 912895.
1986	Lau IV, Viano DC. The viscous criterion: bases and applications of an injury severity index for soft tissues. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:123-142. SAE 861882.
1970	Mertz HJ Jr, Kroell CK. Tolerance of thorax and abdomen. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:372-399.
1985	Viano DC, Lau IV. Thoracic impact: a viscous tolerance criterion. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.104-114. SAE 856025.
1968	Gadd CW, Patrick LM. System versus laboratory impact tests for estimating injury hazard. In: Proceedings of the SAE Automotive Engineering Congress and Exposition. January 8-12, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 680053.
1974	Schmidt G, Kallieris D, Barz J, Mattern R. Results of 49 cadaver tests simulating frontal collision of front seat passengers. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:283-291. SAE 741182.
1989	Viano DC. Biomechanical responses and injuries in blunt lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 4-6, 1989; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:113-142. SAE 892432.
1983	Viano DC. Biomechanics of nonpenetrating aortic trauma: a review. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1983; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:109-114. SAE 831608.
1997	Creasy JD, Chiles C, Routh WD, Dyer RB. Overview of traumatic injury of the thoracic aorta. RadioGraphics. January–February 1997;7(1):27-45.
1982	Sacreste J, Brun-Cassan F, Fayon A, Tarrière C, Got C, Patel A. Proposal for a thorax tolerance level in side impacts based on 62 tests performed with cadavers having known bone condition. In: Proceedings of the 26th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 20-21, 1982; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:155-171. SAE 821157.
1991	Lau IV, Capp JP, Obermeyer JA. A comparison of frontal and side impact: crash dynamics, countermeasures and subsystem tests. In: Proceedings of the 35th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 18-20, 1991; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:109-124. SAE 912896.
1981	Kroell CK, Pope ME, Viano DC, Warner CY, Allen SD. Interrelationship of velocity and chest compression in blunt thoracic impact to swine. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:549-579. SAE 811016.
1981	Kallieris D, Mattern R, Schmidt G, Eppinger RH. Quantification of side impact responses and injuries. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:329-366. SAE 811009.
1977	Foster JK, Kortge JO, Wolanin MJ. Hybrid III: a biomechanically-based crash test dummy. In: Proceedings of the 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 19-21, 1977; New Orleans, LA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:975-1014. SAE 770938.
1996	Zhou Q, Rouhana SW, Melvin JW. Age effects on thoracic injury tolerance. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:137-148. SAE 962421.
1983	Marcus JH, Morgan RM, Eppinger RH, Kallieris D, Mattern R, Schmidt G. Human response to and injury from lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1983; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:419-432. SAE 831634.
1979	Stalnaker RL, Tarrière C, Fayon A, Walfisch G, Balthazard M, Masset J, Got C, Patel A. Modification of part 572 dummy for lateral impact according to biomechanical data. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1979; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:843-872. SAE 791031.
1971	Nahum AM, Gadd CW, Schneider DC, Kroell CK. The biomechanical basis for chest impact protection: force-deflection characteristics of the thorax. J Trauma. October 1971;11(10):874-882.
1971	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:84-134. SAE 710851.
1975	Nahum AM, Schneider DC, Kroell CK. Cadaver skeletal response to blunt thoracic impact. In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:259-293. SAE 751150.
1974	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax II. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:383-457. SAE 741187.
1993	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Skrade D, Chmiel W, Reinartz JM, Sances A Jr. Thoracic biomechanics with air bag restraint. In: Proceedings of the 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 7-8, 1993; San Antonio, TX. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:133-144. SAE 933121.
1983	Tsitlik JE, Weisfeldt ML, Chandra N, Effron MB, Halperin HR, Levin HR. Elastic properties of the human chest during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med. September 1983;11(9):685-692.
1997	Bendjellal F, Walfisch G, Steyer C, Ventre P, Forêt Bruno J-Y, Trosseille X, Lassau J-P. The programmed restraint system: a lesson from accidentology. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:249-263. SAE 973333.
1985	Malliaris AC, Hitchcock R, Hansen M. Harm causation and ranking in car crashes. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 27–March 2, 1985; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 850090.
1994	Huang Y, King AI, Cavanaugh JM. Finite element modeling of gross motion of human cadavers in side impact. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:35-53. SAE 942207.
1995	Kallieris D, Rizzetti A, Mattern R, Morgan R, Eppinger R, Keenan L. On the synergism of the driver air bag and the 3-point belt in frontal collisions. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:389-401. SAE 952700.
1990	Campbell KL, Wasko RJ, Henson SE. Analysis of side impact test data comparing SID and BIOSID. In: Proceedings of the 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-7, 1990; Orlando, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:185-205. SAE 902319.
1998	Melvin JW, Baron KJ, Little WC, Gideon TW, Pierce J. Biomechanical analysis of Indy race car crashes. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:247-266. SAE 983161.
1966	Greendyke RM. Traumatic rupture of aorta: special reference to automobile accidents. JAMA. February 14, 1966;195(7):527-530.
1998	Lizee E, Robin S, Song E, Bertholon N, Le Coz J-Y, Besnault B, Lavaste F. Development of a 3D finite element model of the human body. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:115-137. SAE 983152.
1986	Backaitis SH, St-Laurent A. Chest deflection characteristics of volunteers and Hybrid III dummies. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:157-166. SAE 861884.
1987	Cohen DS, Simeone L. The safety problem for passengers in frontal impacts: analysis of accident, laboratory, and model simulation data. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.550-581.
1974	Aldman B, Andersson Å, Saxmark O. Possible effects of airbag inflation on a standing child. In: 18th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 12-14, 1974; Toronto, ON.15-29.
1998	Kleinberger M, Sun E, Eppinger R, Kuppa S, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); September 1998.
1973	Stalnaker RL, McElhaney JH, Roberts VL, Trollope ML. Human torso response to blunt trauma. In: King WF, Mertz HJ, eds. Human Impact Response: Measurement and Simulation. Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Impact Response held at the General Motors Research Laboratorie; October 2-3, 1972; Warren, MI. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1973:181-199.
1990	Horsch J, Lau I, Andrzejak D, Viano D, Melvin J, Pearson J, Cok D, Miller G. Assessment of air bag deployment loads. In: Proceedings of the 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-7, 1990; Orlando, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:267-288. SAE 902324.
1986	Morgan RM, Marcus JH, Eppinger RH. Side impact: the biofidelity of NHTSA's proposed ATD and efficacy of TTI. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:27-40. SAE 861877.
1995	Wang H-CK. Development of a Side Impact Finite Element Human Thoracic Model [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1995.
1984	Newman RJ, Rastogi S. Rupture of the thoracic aorta and its relationship to road traffic accident characteristics. Injury. March 1984;15(5):296-299.
1965	Patrick LM, Kroell CK, Mertz HJ. Forces on the human body in simulated crashes. In: Cragun MK, ed. Proceedings of the 9th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 20-21, 1965; Minneapolis, MN. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:237-259. SAE 650961.
1967	Patrick LM, Mertz HJ Jr, Kroell CK. Cadaver knee, chest and head impact loads. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:168-182. SAE 670913.
1990	The Abbreviated Injury Scale-1990 Revision. Des Plaines, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM); 1990.
1981	Patrick LM. Impact force-deflection the human thorax. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:471-496. SAE 811014.
1994	Morgan RM, Eppinger RH, Haffner MP, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Sances A, Crandall JR, Pilkey WD, Klopp GS, Kallieris D, Miltner E, Mattern R, Kuppa SM, Sharpless CL. Thoracic trauma assessment formulations for restrained drivers in simulated frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:15-34. SAE 942206.
1970	Nahum AM, Gadd CW, Schneider DC, Kroell CK. Deflection of the human thorax under sternal impact. 1970. SAE 700400.
1983	Somers RL. The probability of death score: an improvement of the injury severity score. Accid Anal Prev. 1983;15(4):247-257.
1979	Tarrière C, Walfisch G, Fayon A, Rosey JP, Got C, Patel A, Delmas A. Synthesis of human tolerances obtained from lateral impact simulations. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). June 5, 1979; Paris, France.359-373.
1989	Viano DC, Culver CC, Evans L, Frick M, Scott R. Involvement of older drivers in multi-vehicle side impact crashes. In: 33rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 2-4, 1989; Baltimore, MD.337-352.
1974	Patrick LM, Bohlin N, Anderson A. Three-point harness accident and laboratory data comparison. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:201-282. SAE 741181.
1982	L‘Abbé RJ, Dainty DA, Newman JA. An experimental analysis of thoracic deflection response to belt loading. In: Proceedings of the 1982 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1982; Cologne, Germany.184-194.
1976	Robbins DH, Melvin JW, Stalnaker RL. The prediction of thoracic impact injuries. In: Proceedings of the 20th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 18-20, 1976; Dearborn, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:699-729. SAE 760822.

Year	Entry
2010	Schmitt K-U, Niederer PF, Muser MH, Walz F. Trauma Biomechanics: Accidental Injury in Traffic and Sports. 2nd ed. Deidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2010.
2013	Weaver AA. Morphological Analysis of Changes in the Thoracic Skeleton With Age and Gender [PhD thesis]. Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University; December 2013.
2010	Stitzel JD, Kilgo PD, Weaver AA, Martin RS, Loftis KL, Meredith JW. Age thresholds for increased mortality of predominant crash induced thoracic injuries. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.41-49.
2013	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Humm JR, Stadter GW, Curry WH, Brasel KJ. Comparison of AIS 1990 update 98 versus AIS 2005 for describing PMHS injuries in lateral and oblique sled tests. In: 57th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 22-25, 2013; Quebec City, QC.197-207.
2005	van Rooij L, Harkema C, de Lange R, de Jager K, Bosch-Rekveldt M, Mooi H. Child poses in child restraint systems related to injury potential: investigations by virtual testing. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2011	Weaver AA, Armstrong EG, Moody EA, Stitzel JD. Image segmentation and registration algorithm to collect homologous landmarks for age-related thoracic morphometric analysis. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2014	Schoell SL, Weaver AA, Vavalle NA, Stitzel JD. Development of age and sex-specific thorax finite element models. In: Proceedings of the 10th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 18-20, 2014; Columbus, OH.
2009	Lessley D, Kent R, Crandall J, Salzar R, Shaw G. Internal vs. external chest deformation response to shoulder belt loading, I: table-top tests. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 20-23, 2009; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2009-01-0393.
2009	Shin J, Untaroiu C, Lessley D, Crandall J. Thoracic response to shoulder belt loading: investigation of chest stiffness and longitudinal strain pattern of ribs. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 20-23, 2009; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2009-01-0384.
2004	Kent R, Lessley D, Sherwood C. Thoracic response to dynamic, non-impact loading from a hub, distributed belt, diagonal belt, and double diagonal belts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:495-519. SAE 2004-22-0022.
2010	Kindig MW, Lau AG, Forman JL, Kent RW. Structural response of cadaveric ribcages under a localized loading: stiffness and kinematic trends. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:337-380. SAE 2010-22-0015.
2010	Lessley DJ, Salzar R, Crandall J, Kent R, Bolton JR, Bass CR, Guillemot H, Forman JL. Kinematics of the thorax under dynamic belt loading conditions. Int J Crashworthiness. 2010;15(2):175-190.
2015	Schoell SL, Weaver AA, Vavalle NA, Stitzel JD. Age- and sex-specific thorax finite element model development and simulation. Traffic Inj Prev. June 1, 2015;16(suppl 1):S57-S65.
2018	Gierczycka D. Investigation of Thorax Response and Potential for Injury in Side Impacts Using Integrated Detailed Human and Vehicle Finite-Element Models [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2018.