Consequences for seat design due to rear end accident analysis, sled tests and possible test criteria for reducing cervical spine injuries after rear-end collision

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Hell, W.¹; Langwieder, K.¹; Walz, F.²; Muser, M.²; Kramer, M.³; Hartwig, E.³

Consequences for seat design due to rear end accident analysis, sled tests and possible test criteria for reducing cervical spine injuries after rear-end collision

Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹GDV Institute for Vehicle Safety, Munich

²ETH Zurich

³University of Ulm
Abstract

Proposals for head restraint improvement will be outlined on the basis of current research activities. New results from accident analysis will be discussed like QTF injury scaling depending on gender and delta v. it appears that women show a significantly higher risk of neurological QTF Grade 3 Cervical Spine Distortion (CSD) injuries in both front seating positions (driver and passenger) than male occupants. A sled test series based on different anthropometric measurements will be discussed. Moreover, muscular electrode measurements for the deep and superficial cervical musculature during a rear end impact sled test series with volunteers (delta v 6.5 and 9.5 km/h) are presented. This test series also integrates the deep Musculus semispinalis capitis, which could be associated with common muscular pain after CSD.

In addition, current rear end impact test methodologies will be evaluated, and a dynamic test standard proposal presented.

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Year	Entry
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2001	Krafft M, Kullgren A, Ydenius A, Tingvall C. The correlation between crash pulse characteristics and duration of symptoms to the neck: crash recording in real life rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2003	Muser M, Hell W, Schmitt K-U. How injury criteria correlate with the injury risk: a study analysing different parameters with respect to whiplash injury. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	Linder A, Avery M, Krafft M, Kullgren A. Change of velocity and pulse characteristics in rear impacts: real world and vehicle tests data. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
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2011	Linder A, Svensson M, Carlsson A, Lemmen P, Chang F, Schmitt K-U, Kullgren A. EVARID: anthropometric and biomechanical specification of a finite element dummy model of an average female for rear impact testing. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2013	Lemmen P, Gupta A, Lakshminarayana A, Carlsson A, Svensson M, Schmitt K-U, Levallois I, Linder A, Tomasch E. Seat optimisation considering reduction of neck injuries for female and male occupants: applications of the EvaRID model and a loading device representing a 50th percentile female. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
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