New AIS1 long-term neck injury criteria candidates based on real frontal crash analysis

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Boström, Ola¹; Bohman, Katarina¹; Håland, Yngve¹; Kullgren, Anders²; Krafft, Maria²

New AIS1 long-term neck injury criteria candidates based on real frontal crash analysis

Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹Autoliv Research

²Folksam Research
Abstract and keywords

The AISl neck injury is the most frequent disabling injury in frontal impacts. Recent research has shown that, similar to rear impacts, the crash pulse level rather than the speed change influence the risk of sustaining a short or long term injury. Also similar to rear impacts, different injury mechanisms have been proposed.

In this study, new AISl neck injury criteria for frontal impacts were proposed and evaluated namely NICprotraction and the established AIS3+ criteria Nr, and upper neck flexion moment Mysexion. The NICprotraction calculation is analogous to NIC,, shown to be applicable and relevant for evaluating the neck load in rear-end impacts.

Totally 172 belted occupants involved in 144 real frontal crashes with recorded crash pulses were simulated and analysed using MADYMO models of the HI11 50’ percentile male. The injury outcome in terms of short-term, long-term or no neck injury, as well as the crash pulse and the utilisation of airbag and belt-pretensioner were known.

At least 70% of the NICprotraction, Nu and Myaexion values associated with the non-injured occupants were lower than the values for at least 70% of the long-term injured. In the development of frontal impact protection systems NICprohaction, Nu and Mysexion should therefore at least be lower than AISl long-term neck Injury Assessment Reference Values. The rounded median values for the longterm injured were in this study found to be 25 m2/s2 for NICpro+,action, 0.2 for Nu, and 40 Nm for Myflexion.

Keywords: neck; injury criteria; frontal impacts; databasnes

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Year	Entry
2010	Schmitt K-U, Niederer PF, Muser MH, Walz F. Trauma Biomechanics: Accidental Injury in Traffic and Sports. 2nd ed. Deidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2010.
2001	Schmitt K-U, Muser MH, Niederer P. A new neck injury criterion candidate for rear-end collisions taking into account shear forces and bending moments. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2003	Heitplatz F, Sferco R, Fay P, Reim J, Kim A, Prasad P. An evaluation of existing and proposed injury criteria with various dummies to determine their ability to predict the levels of soft tissue neck injury seen in real world accidents. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2002	Szabo TJ, Voss DP, Welcher JB. Influence of seat foam and geometrical properties on biorid p3 kinematic response to rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 18-20, 2002; Munich, Germany.
2006	Bass CRD, Donnellan L, Salzar R, Lucas S, Folk B, Davis M, Rafaels K, Planchak C, Meyerhoff K, Ziemba A, Alem N. A new neck injury criterion in combined vertical/frontal crashes with head supported mass. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.75-91.
2006	Håland Y. The evolution of the three point seat belt from yesterday to tomorrow. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.3-15.
2007	Funk JR, Cormier JM, Bain CE, Guzman H, Bonugli E. An evaluation of various neck injury criteria in vigorous activities. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.233-248.
2000	Bohman K, Boström O, Håland Y, Kullgren A. A study of AIS1 neck injury parameters in 168 frontal collisions using a restrained Hybrid III dummy. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:103-116. SAE 2000-01-SC08.
2002	Schmitt K-U, Muser MH, Walz FH, Niederer PF. N_km: a proposal for a neck protection criterion for low-speed rear-end impacts. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(2):117-126.
2002	Muser MH, Walz FH, Schmitt K-U. Injury criteria applied to seat comparison tests. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(3):224-232.