Behaviour of human surrogates thorax under belt loading

Cesari, Dominique; Bouquet, Robert

Year	Entry
1999	Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, Zhang A, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); November 1999.
2004	Haug E, Choi H-Y, Robin S, Beaugonin M. Human models for crash and impact simulation. In: Ayache N, ed. Computational Models for the Human Body. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V; 2004:231-452. Ciarlet PG, ed. Handbook of Numerical Analysis; vol 12.
2006	Kent RW, Bass CR, Woods WA, Salzar RS, Lee S-H, Melvin J. The role of muscle tensing on the force-deflection response of the thorax and a reassessment of frontal impact thoracic biofidelity corridors. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D-J Automob Eng. 2006;220(7):853-868.
1998	Kleinberger M, Sun E, Eppinger R, Kuppa S, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); September 1998.
1992	Schneider LW, Ricci LL, Salloum MJ, Beebe MS, King AI, Rouhana SW, Neathery RF. Design and Development of an Advanced ATD Thorax System for Frontal Crash Environments: Volume 1: Primary Concept Development. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Traffic Research Institute (UMTRI); June 1992. UMTRI Publication UMTRI-92-22-1.
2005	Cormier JM, Stitzel JD, Duma SM, Matsuoka F. Regional variation in the structural response and geometrical properties of human ribs. In: 49th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 12-14, 2005; Boston, MA.153-170.
1996	Morgan RM, Eppinger RH, Kuppa SM, Taylor LM. Thoracic trauma assessment for the Hybrid III dummy in simulated frontal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1605-1621.
2003	Kent R, Patrie J, Poteau F, Matsuoka F, Mullen C. Development of an age-dependent thoracic injury criterion for frontal. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	van Don B, van Ratingen M, Bermond F, Masson C, Vezin P, Hynd D, Owen C, Martinez L, Knack S, Schaefer R. Biofidelity impact response requirements for an advanced mid-sized male crash test dummy. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2005	Duma S, Stitzel J, Kemper A, McNally C, Kennedy E, Matsuoka F. Non-censored rib fracture data from dynamic belt loading tests on the human cadaver thorax. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2009	Shigeta K, Kitagawa Y, Yasuki T. Development of next generation human FE model capable of organ injury prediction. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2011	Watanabe R, Miyazaki H, Kitagawa Y, Yasuki T. Research of collision speed dependency of pedestrian head and chest injuries using human FE model (THUMS version 4). In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2013	Lemmen P, Been B, Carroll J, Hynd D, Davidsson J, Martinez L, García A, Vezin P, Eggers A. An advanced thorax-shoulder design for the THOR dummy. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
1991	ó Ríordáin S, Ramet M, Cesari D, Bouquet R. A comparison of Hybrid III and cadaver thorax response under diagonal belt loading. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.860-862.
1991	Skrade D, Yoganandan N, Sances A Jr, Reinartz J, Pintar F. Dynamic studies with chest contours. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.924-930.
2002	Kent R, Bass D, Woods W, Sherwood C, Madeley NJ, Salzar R, Crandall J. The use of a postmortem porcine model to study the effect of muscle tetanus on thoracic force-deflection response. In: Proceedings of the 30th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. November 2002; Ponte Vedra Beach, FL.145-154.
2004	Duma SM, Stitzel JD, Kemper AR, McNally C, Kennedy EA, Matsuoka F. A method to acquire non-censored rib fracture data during dynamic belt loading tests. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2004.103-114.
2006	Lu Z, Chan P, Niu E. Finite element model simulation of seat belt-thorax interaction. In: Proceedings of the 34th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2006.91-102.
2010	Lebarbé M, Petit P. Biofidelity corridors for the thorax in frontal impact: update by an international task force. In: Proceedings of the 38th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2010.
1995	Kallieris D, Rizzetti A, Mattern R. The biofidelity of Hybrid III dummies. In: Proceedings of the 1995 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 13-15, 1995; Brunnen, Switzerland.135-154.
1998	Hoofman M, van Ratingen M, Wismans J. Evaluation of the dynamic and kinematic performance of the THOR dummy: neck performance. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.497-511.
1998	Lizée E, Song E, Robin S, Lecoz J-Y. Finite element model of the human thorax validated in frontal, oblique and lateral impacts: a tool to evaluate new restraint systems. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.527-543.
1999	Martinez L, Vera C, Lasaga F, Garcia M. An advanced 50th percentile THOR dummy database. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.405-421.
2001	Kent R, Bolton J, Crandall J, Prasad P, Nusholtz G, Mertz H, Kallieris D. Restrained Hybrid III dummy-based criteria for thoracic hard-tissue injury prediction. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.
2003	Kent R, Sherwood C, Lessley D, Overby B, Matsuoka F. Age-related changes in the effective stiffness of the human thorax using four loading conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2003 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 25, 2003; Lisbon, Portugal.
2004	Kent R, Bass CD, Woods W, Salzar R. The role of muscle tensing on the force-deflection response of the thorax and a reassessment of frontal impact thoracic biofidelity corridors. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.95-107.
2005	Forman J, Kent R, Ali T, Crandall J, Bostrom O, Haland Y. Biomechanical considerations for the optimization of an advanced restraint system: assessing the benefit of a second shoulder belt. In: Proceedings of the 2005 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 2005; Prague, Czech Republic.337-353.
2007	Shaw G, Lessley D, Evans J, Crandall J, Shin J, Portier P, Paoloni G. Quasi-static and dynamic thoracic loading tests: cadaveric torsos. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.325-348.
2012	Lemmen P, Been B, Carroll J, Hynd D, Davidsson J, Song E, Lecuyer E. Development of an advanced frontal dummy thorax demonstrator. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.828-842.
2012	Lebarbé M, Petit P. New biofidelity targets for the thorax of a 50th percentile adult male in frontal impact. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.856-870.
2014	Davidsson J, Carroll J, Hynd D, Lecuyer E, Song E, Trosseille X, Eggers A, Sunnevang C, Praxl N, Martinez L, Lemmen P, Been B. Development of injury risk functions for use with the THORAX demonstrator: an updated THOR. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.359-376.
2017	Kang Y, Agnew AM, Hong C, Icke K, Bolte JH IV. Elderly PMHS thoracic responses and injuries in frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.539-557.
2018	Kato D, Nakahira Y, Atsumi N, Iwamoto M. Development of human‐body model THUMS Version 6 containing muscle controllers and application to injury analysis in frontal collision after brake deceleration. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.207-223.
2021	Takahira Y, Akima S, Kusuhara Y, Tanase N, Kitagawa Y. Cross-sectional analysis of rib fracture mechanism of elderly occupant in frontal collision using THUMS. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 8-10, 2021; Online.511-520.
2022	Schäuble A, Zippel F, Wackenroder T, Rücker P, Kinsky T, Durak T, Preissner D, Frey D. Comparison of the thorax and head/neck dynamics of an elderly female, the HIII 50th male and the HIII 5th female dummies as front passengers in full-width frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2022 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2022; Porto, Portugal.418-429.
2022	Forman J, Kulkarni S, Perez‐Rapela D, Mukherjee S, Panzer M, Hallman J. A method for thoracic injury risk function development for human body models. In: Proceedings of the 2022 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2022; Porto, Portugal.719-746.
2008	Lau SH, Rafaels KA, Bass CR, Kent RW. An assessment of Macropus Giganteus as a biomechanical model of the pediatric thorax. In: Proceedings of the 4th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 19-20, 2008; Columbus, OH.
2017	Murach MM, Kang Y-S, Stammen J, Moorhouse K, Bolte JH IV, Agnew AM. A preliminary exploration of contribution of the individual rib to dynamic response of the human thorax. In: Proceedings of the 13th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 21-23, 2017; Columbus, OH.
2005	Laituri TR, Prasad P, Sullivan K, Frankstein M, Thomas RS. Derivation and evaluation of a provisional, age-dependent, AIS3+ thoracic risk curve for belted adults in frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 11-14, 2005; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2005-01-0297.
2009	Shin J, Untaroiu C, Lessley D, Crandall J. Thoracic response to shoulder belt loading: investigation of chest stiffness and longitudinal strain pattern of ribs. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 20-23, 2009; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2009-01-0384.
1991	Horsch JD, Viano DC, DeCou J. History of safety research and development on the General Motors energy-absorbing steering system. In: Proceedings of the 35th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 18-20, 1991; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-46. SAE 912890.
1994	Morgan RM, Eppinger RH, Haffner MP, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Sances A, Crandall JR, Pilkey WD, Klopp GS, Kallieris D, Miltner E, Mattern R, Kuppa SM, Sharpless CL. Thoracic trauma assessment formulations for restrained drivers in simulated frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:15-34. SAE 942206.
1994	Cesari D, Bouquet R. Comparison of Hybrid III and human cadaver thorax deformations loaded by a thoracic belt. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:65-76. SAE 942209.
1998	Lizee E, Robin S, Song E, Bertholon N, Le Coz J-Y, Besnault B, Lavaste F. Development of a 3D finite element model of the human body. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:115-137. SAE 983152.
1998	Kuppa SM, Eppinger RH. Development of an improved thoracic injury criterion. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:139-153. SAE 983153.
1998	Foret-Bruno J-Y, Trosseille X, Le Coz J-Y, Bendjellal F, Steyer C, Phalempin T, Villeforceix D, Dandres P, Got C. Thoracic injury risk in frontal car crashes with occupant restrained with belt load limiter. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:331-352. SAE 983166.
2001	Kent RW, Crandall JR, Bolton J, Prasad P, Nusholtz G, Mertz H. The influence of superficial soft tissues and restraint condition on thoracic skeletal injury prediction. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:183-204. SAE 2001-22-0008.
2003	Ruan J, El-Jawahri R, Chai L, Barbat S, Prasad P. Prediction and analysis of human thoracic impact responses and injuries in cadaver impacts using a full human body finite element model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:299-321. SAE 2003-22-0014.
2004	Kent R, Lessley D, Sherwood C. Thoracic response to dynamic, non-impact loading from a hub, distributed belt, diagonal belt, and double diagonal belts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:495-519. SAE 2004-22-0022.
2006	Forman J, Lessley D, Kent R, Bostrom O, Pipkorn B. Whole-body kinematic and dynamic response of restrained PMHS in frontal sled tests. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:299-336. SAE 2006-22-0013.
2012	Watanabe R, Katsuhara T, Miyazaki H, Kitagawa Y, Yasuki T. Research of the relationship of pedestrian injury to collision speed, car-type, impact location and pedestrian sizes using human FE model (THUMS Version 4). Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:269-321.
2013	Poulard D, Bermond F, Bruyère K. In vivo analysis of thoracic mechanical response variability under belt loading: specific behavior and relationship to age, gender and body mass index. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:59-87.
2017	Murach MM, Kang Y-S, Goldman SD, Schafman MA, Schlecht SH, Moorhouse K, Bolte JH IV, Agnew AM. Rib geometry explains variation in dynamic structural response: potential implications for frontal impact fracture risk. Ann Biomed Eng. September 2017;45(9):2159-2173.
2005	Kent R, Patrie J. Chest deflection tolerance to blunt anterior loading is sensitive to age but not load distribution. Forensic Sci Int. 2005;149(2-3):121-128.
2008	Kent R. Frontal thoracic response to dynamic loading: the role of superficial tissues, viscera and the rib cage. Int J Crashworthiness. 2008;13(3):289-300.
2010	Lessley DJ, Salzar R, Crandall J, Kent R, Bolton JR, Bass CR, Guillemot H, Forman JL. Kinematics of the thorax under dynamic belt loading conditions. Int J Crashworthiness. 2010;15(2):175-190.
2015	Agnew AM, Schafman M, Moorhouse K, White SE, Kang Y-S. The effect of age on the structural properties of human ribs. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. January 2015;41:302-314.
2003	Kent R, Bass CR, Woods W, Sherwood C, Madeley NJ, Salzar R, Kitagawa Y. Muscle tetanus and loading condition effects on the elastic and viscous characteristics of the thorax. Traffic Inj Prev. 2003;4(4):297-314.
2006	Charpail E. Analyse du comportement mecanique des cotes humaines en dynamique [Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Human Ribs in Dynamics] [PhD thesis]. Paris, France: l’École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers; October 27, 2006.
2014	Icke KJ. Determination of the Compressive Response of the Pediatric Thorax Utilizing System Identification Techniques [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2014.
2017	Murach MM. The Contribution of the Individual Rib to Thoracic Response Under Dynamic Loading Conditions: A Preliminary Hierarchical Approach [Master's thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2017.
2021	Sreedhar A. The Development of an Analytical Model to Predict Thoracic Response from Dynamic Individual Rib Tests [Master's thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2021.
2002	Kent RW. Dynamic Response of the Thorax: Restraint-Specific Hard Tissue Injury Prediction [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 2002.
2022	Kulkarni S. Method for Thoracic Injury Risk Function Development for Human Body Models [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2022.
2003	Cormier JM. Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Human Ribs [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 22, 2003.
2010	Kemper AR. The Biomechanics of Thoracic Skeletal Response [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; March 30, 2010.

Year	Entry
1986	Backaitis SH, St-Laurent A. Chest deflection characteristics of volunteers and Hybrid III dummies. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:157-166. SAE 861884.
1975	Nahum AM, Schneider DC, Kroell CK. Cadaver skeletal response to blunt thoracic impact. In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:259-293. SAE 751150.
1976	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Comparative knee impact response of part 572 dummy and cadaver subjects. In: Proceedings of the 20th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 18-20, 1976; Dearborn, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:585-606. SAE 760817.
1975	Fayon A, Tarriere C, Walfisch G, Got C, Patel A. Thorax of 3-point belt wearers during a crash (experiments with cadavers). In: Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1975; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:195-223. SAE 751148.
1982	L‘Abbé RJ, Dainty DA, Newman JA. An experimental analysis of thoracic deflection response to belt loading. In: Proceedings of the 1982 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1982; Cologne, Germany.184-194.