The position of the United States delegation to the ISO working group 6 on the use of HIC in the automotive environment

Prasad, Priya<sup>1</sup>; Mertz, Harold J.<sup>1</sup>

Year	Entry
1999	Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, Zhang A, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); November 1999.
1987	Horsch JD. Evaluation of occupant protection from responses measured in laboratory tests. 1987. SAE 870222.
1998	Kleinberger M, Sun E, Eppinger R, Kuppa S, Saul R. Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); September 1998.
2005	Mackay M. The contribution of accident investigation research to biomechanics. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:3-16. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
2005	Doorly MC, Horgan TJ, Gilchrist MD. Reconstruction of head injury cases arising from falls using the UCD brain trauma model. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:431-440. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
2015	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL. Anthropomorphic test devices and injury risk assessments. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:83-112.
2015	Prasad P. Injury criteria and motor vehicle regulations. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:793-809.
1987	Biss DJ, Pompa JA. A kinematic and dynamic analysis of occupant responses to lap belt only restraint forces. In: 31st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 28-30, 1987; New Orleans, LA.325-345.
1993	Hertz E. A note on the head injury criterion (HIC) as a predictor of the risk of skull fracture. In: 37th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 4-6, 1993; San Antonio, TX.303-312.
2007	Funk JR, Duma SM, Manoogian SJ, Rowson S. Biomechanical risk estimates for mild traumatic brain injury. In: 51st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 15-17, 2007; Melbourne, Australia.343-361.
1994	Kahane CJ, Hackney JR, Berkowitz AM. Correlation of vehicle performance in the New Car Assessment Program with fatality risk in actual head-on collisions. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1388-1405.
1996	Prasad P, Laituri TR. Consideration for belted FMVSS 208 testing. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.389-400.
1996	Kanianthra JN, Fan W, Rains G. Upper interior head impact protection of occupants in real world crashes. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1281-1290.
1996	Hackney JR, Kahane CJ, Chan R. Activities of the new car assessment program in the United States. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1998-2029.
1998	Park BT, Morgan RM, Hackney JR, Lowrie JC. The effect of redesigned airbags on frontal USA NCAP. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.2386-2399.
1998	Kiuchi T. A simulation study on inflation induced injury and NCAP with depowered air bag. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.2518-2525.
1998	McKendrew C, Hines MH, Litsky A, Saul RA. Assessment of forearm injury due to a deploying driver-side air bag. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1044-1054.
2003	Youn Y, Kim G, Yong G, Kwon I, Lee J. Impacts of recent Korean NCAP programs in automotive safety. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2003	Menon RA, Arbogast KB, Cooper J, Ridella SA, Murad M, Barnes R, Kallan MJ, Winston FK. Differences in air bag performance with children in various restraint configurations and vehicle types. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2007	Neal-Sturgess CE, Carter E, Hardy R, Cuerden R, Guerra L, Yang J. APROSYS European in-depth pedestrian database. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2009	Feist F, Gugler J, Arregui-Dalmases C, del Pozo de Dios E, López-Valdés F, Deck C, Willinger R. Pedestrian collisions with flat-fronted vehicles: injury patterns and importance of rotational accelerations as a predictor for traumatic brain injury (TBI). In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2013	McIntosh A, Suratno B, Haley J, Truong J. Consumer rating and assessment of safety helmets for motorcyclists. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2015	Mueller B, MacAlister A, Nolan J, Zuby D. Comparison of HIC and BrIC head injury risk in IIHS frontal crash tests to real-world head injuries. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2015	Kongsakul W, Carmai J, Charoenthong S. Finite element study of effectiveness of modified front-end structure with aluminium foam in reducing pedestrian injury. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
1985	Walsh MJ, Kelleher BJ, Severin CM. Head and neck injuries in human cadavers from lateral impacts. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.186-198. SAE 856032.
1985	Hackney J, Ellyson C. A review of the effects of belt systems, steering assemblies, and structural design on the safety performance of vehicles in the new car assessment program. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.380-413. SAE 856057.
1991	Hackney JR. The effects of FMVSS No. 208 and NCAP on safety as determined from crash test results. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.993-1021.
1991	Gabler HC, Willke DT, Wagner JJ. Upper interior head impacts: the safety performance of passenger vehicles. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.1037-1047.
2006	Funk JR, Duma SM, Manoogian SJ, Rowson S. Development of concussion risk curves based on head impact data from collegiate football players. In: Proceedings of the 34th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2006.1-14.
1988	Koch M. Recent work with a method for the fitting of injury versus exposure data into a risk function. In: Proceedings of the 1988 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 14-16, 1988; Bergisch-Gladbach, West Germany.23-34.
1989	Rojanavanich V, Stalnaker RL. Sensitivity analysis for the translational energy criteria: overall head injuries. In: Proceedings of the 1989 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 13-15, 1989; Stockholm, Sweden.13-25.
1994	Gloyns PF, Rattenbury SJ, Weller RO, Lestina DC. Mechanisms and patterns of head injuries in fatal frontal and side impact crashes. In: Proceedings of the 1994 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.139-150.
1994	Welbourne ER. Use of the head injury criterion as a measure of vehicle occupant protection performance. In: Proceedings of the 1994 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 1994; Lyon, France.151-162.
1999	Prasad P. Biomechanical basis for injury criteria used in crashworthiness regulations. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.1-14.
2000	Makris A, Nerenberg J, Dionne JP, Bass CR, Chichester C. Reduction of blast induced head acceleration in the field of anti-personnel mine clearance. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.453-464.
2000	Nakahira Y, Furukawa K, Niimi H, Ishihara T, Miki K, Matsuoka F. A combined evaluation method and a modified maximum likelihood method for injury risk curves. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.147-155.
2007	Palisson A, Cassan F, Trosseille X, Lesire P, Alonzo F. Estimating Q3 dummy injury criteria for frontal impacts using the child project results and scaling reference values. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.263-276.
2012	Anderson RWG, Searson DJ, Hutchinson TP. Integrating the assessment of pedestrian safety in vehicles with collision detection and mitigation systems. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.751-760.
2012	Peng Y, Deck C, Yang J, Otte D, Willinger R. A study of kinematics of adult pedestrian and head impact conditions in case of passenger car collisions based on real world accident data. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.766-778.
2015	Davis ML, Vavalle NA, Gayzik FS. An evaluation of mass-normalization using 50th and 95th percentile human body finite element models in frontal crash. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.608-621.
2018	Kunitomi S, Konosu A. Prediction of head injury severity for pedestrians in car‐pedestrian accidents using deep learning methodology. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.309-310.
2022	Matt P, Jenerowicz M, Schweiger T, Heisch F, Lienhard J, Boljen M. Investigation of e-scooter drivers colliding with kerbs: a parametric numerical study. In: Proceedings of the 2022 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2022; Porto, Portugal.379-392.
2005	Renaud F, Tapia F, Fredriksson R, Yang J. Development of a mechanical neck for a six-year-old pedestrian dummy. In: Proceedings of the 1st Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 19-21, 2005; Columbus, OH.
1995	Mertz HJ, Williamson JE, Vander Lugt DA. The effect of limiting shoulder belt load with air bag restraint. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 27–March 2, 1995; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 950886.
1996	Mertz HJ, Prasad P, Nusholtz G. Head injury risk assessment for forehead impacts. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 26–March 1, 1996; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 960099.
2003	Di Domenico L, Nusholtz G. Comparison of parametric and non-parametric methods for determining injury risk. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 3-6, 2003; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2003-01-1362.
1989	Browne AL. Windshield impact response: an empirical study of the standard three-ply construction. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 4-6, 1989; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:153-175. SAE 892434.
1994	Ruan JS, Prasad P. Head injury potential assessment in frontal impacts by mathematical modeling. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:111-121. SAE 942212.
2000	Seyer K, Newland C, Terrell M, Dalmotas D. The effect of mass, stiffness and geometry on injury outcome in side impacts: a parametric study. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:1-11. SAE 2000-01-SC01.
2003	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL, Prasad P. Biomechanical and scaling bases for frontal and side impact injury assessment reference values. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:155-188. SAE 2003-22-0009.
2010	Prasad P, Mertz HJ, Dalmotas DJ, Augenstein JS, Digges K. Evaluation of the field relevance of several injury risk functions. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:49-72. SAE 2010-22-0004.
2011	Li Y, Zhang L, Kallakuri S, Zhou R, Cavanaugh JM. Injury predictors for traumatic axonal injury in a rodent head impact acceleration model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:25-47.
2012	Searson DJ, Hutchinson TP, Anderson RWG. From crash test speed to performance in real world conditions: a conceptual model and its application to underhood clearance in pedestrian head tests. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:485-496.
2015	Schoell SL, Weaver AA, Urban JE, Jones DA, Stitzel JD, Hwang E, Reed MP, Rupp JD. Development and validation of an older occupant finite element model of a mid-sized male for investigation of age-related injury risk. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2015;59:359-383.
2012	Kimpara H, Iwamoto M. Mild traumatic brain injury predictors based on angular accelerations during impacts. Ann Biomed Eng. January 2012;40(1):114-126.
2005	Walilko TJ, Viano DC, Bir CA. Biomechanics of the head for Olympic boxer punches to the face. Br J Sports Med. October 2005;39(10):710-719.
2006	Doorly MC, Gilchrist MD. The use of accident reconstruction for the analysis of traumatic brain injury due to head impacts arising from falls. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. December 2006;9(6):371-377.
2010	Gavelin A, Lindquist M, Häggblad H-Å, Oldenburg M. Methodology for mass minimisation of a seat structure with integrated safety belts constrained by biomechanical responses on the occupant in frontal crashes. Int J Crashworthiness. 2010;15(4):343-355.
1989	Viano DC, King AI, Melvin JW, Weber K. Injury biomechanics research: an essential element in the prevention of trauma. J Biomech. 1989;22(5):403-417.
2004	Zhang L, Yang KH, King AI. A proposed injury threshold for mild traumatic brain injury. J Biomech Eng. 2004;126(2):226-236.
2012	Wright AD, Laing AC. The influence of headform orientation and flooring systems on impact dynamics during simulated fall-related head impacts. Med Eng Phys. October 2012;34(8):1071-1078.
2005	Viano DC, Casson IR, Pellman EJ, Bir CA, Zhang L, Sherman DC, Boitano MA. Concussion in professional football: comparison with boxing head impacts: part 10. Neurosurgery. December 2005;57(6):1154-1172.
2008	Greenwald RM, Gwin JT, Chu JJ, Crisco JJ. Head impact severity measures for evaluating mild traumatic brain injury risk exposure. Neurosurgery. April 2008;62(4):789-798.
2012	Post A, Hoshizaki TB. Mechanisms of brain impact injuries and their prediction: a review. Trauma. October 2012;14(4):327-349.
2016	Antona-Makoshi J. Traumatic Brain Injuries: Animal Experiments and Numerical Simulations to Support the Development of a Brain Injury Criterion [PhD thesis]. Götenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology; 2016.
2005	Mellander H. Interior Frontal Crash Protection for Passenger Cars At High Delta-V: Possibilities and Limitations [PhD thesis]. Cranfield University; March 2005.
2011	Loyd AM. Studies of the Human Head from Neonate to Adult: An Inertial, Geometrical and Structural Analysis With Comparisons to the ATD Head [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2011.
2017	Bonin SJ. Dynamic Response and Residual Helmet Liner Crush Using Cadaver Heads and Standard Headforms [PhD thesis]. University of Miami; May 2017.
2006	Klinich KD. Estimating Infant Head Injury Tolerance and Impact Response [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2006.
2014	Patton DA. The Biomechanical Determinants of Sports-Related Concussion: Finite Element Simulations of Unhelmeted Head Impacts to Evaluate Kinematic and Tissue-Level Predictors of Injury and Investigate the Design Implications for Soft-Shell Headgear [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; March 2014.
2013	Post A. The Influence of Dynamic Response Characteristics on Traumatic Brain Injury [PhD thesis]. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa; 2013.
2014	Rousseau P. Analysis of Concussion Metrics of Real-World Concussive and Non-Injurious Elbow and Shoulder to Head Collisions in Ice Hockey [PhD thesis]. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa; 2014.
2016	Kendall M. Comparison and Characterization of Different Concussive Brain Injury Events [PhD thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2016.
2008	Bose D. Numerical Estimation of Occupant State Parameters in a Dynamic Loading Environment [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2008.
2017	Sanchez EJ. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Head and Brain Injury Risk Functions [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; December 2017.
2019	Bollapragada V. The Influence of Disabling Injuries on the Design of the Vehicle Front End for Pedestrian Safety [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2019.
2014	Haladuick T. Numerical Simulation of Blast Interaction With the Human Body: Primary Blast Brain Injury Prediction [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2014.
2022	Pastula CC. Assessment of Occupant Response in Frontal Bus Crash Scenarios Using Human Body Models to Improve Public Transportation Safety [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2022.
2009	Cormier JM. Epidemiology and Biomechanical Analysis of Facial Fractures [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; February 6, 2009.
1994	Irwin AL. Analysis and CAL3D Model of the Shoulder and Thorax Responses of Seven Cadavers Subjected to Lateral Impacts [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1994.
1994	Ruan JS. Impact Biomechanics of Head Injury by Mathematical Modeling [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1994.
2001	Zhang L. Computational Biomechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury: An Investigation of Head Impact Response and American Football Head Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2001.
2004	Walilko TJ. Biomechanical Response of the Temporomandibular Joint from Impacts in Boxing [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; December 2004.
2005	Shah S. Skull Fracture Prediction Using Finite Element Model With Skull Thickness Variation [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2005.
2007	Craig MJ. Biomechanics of Jaw Loading in Football Helmet Impacts [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2007.
2007	Hardy WN. Response of the Human Cadaver Head to Impact [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; December 2007.
2008	Raymond DE. Biomechanics of Blunt Ballistic Temporo-Parietal Head Impact [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2008.
2015	Li Y. An Investigation of the Relationship Between Axonal Injury, Biomarker Expression and Mechanical Response in a Rodent Head Impact Acceleration Model [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2015.
2018	Arora T. Development of a Subhuman Primate Brain Finite Element Model to Investigate Brain Injury Thresholds Induced by Head Rotation [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2018.
2023	Lyu D. Investigation of Biomechanical Thresholds of Mild to Severe Brain Injury Using an Anisotropic Visco-Hyperelastic Finite Element Head Model: Model Development and Simulation of Impact Injury and Blast Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2023.
2015	Vavalle NA. The Application of a Radial Basis Function Morphing Technique to a Validated Full Human Body Finite Element Model [PhD thesis]. Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University; May 2015.
2000	Aida T. Study of Human Head Impact: Brain Tissue Constitutive Models [PhD thesis]. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University; May 2000.

Year	Entry
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1965	Patrick LM, Lissner HR, Gurdjian ES. Survival by design: head protection. In: Severy DM, ed. Proceedings of the 7th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. 1963; University of California at Los Angeles. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1965:483-499.
1977	Nahum AM, Smith R, Ward CC. Intracranial pressure dynamics during head impact. In: Proceedings of the 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 19-21, 1977; New Orleans, LA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:339-366. SAE 770922.
1976	Nahum AM, Smith RW. An experimental model for closed head impact injury. In: Proceedings of the 20th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 18-20, 1976; Dearborn, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:785-814. SAE 760825.
1983	Got C, Guillon F, Patel A, Mack P, Brun-Cassan F, Fayon A, Tarrière C, Hureau J. Morphological and biomechanical study of 146 human skulls used in experimental impacts, in relation with the observed injuries. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1983; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:241-259. SAE 831619.
1978	Got C, Patel A, Fayon A, Tarrière C, Walfisch G. Results of experimental head impacts on cadavers: the various data obtained and their relations to some measured physical parameters. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 24-26, 1978; Ann Arobor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:57-99. SAE 780887.
1982	Mertz HJ, Weber DA. Interpretations of the impact responses of a 3-year-old child dummy relative to child injury potential. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.368-376.
1984	Ran A, Koch M, Mellander H. Fitting injury versus exposure data into a risk function. In: Proceedings of the 1984 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 4-6, 1984; Delft, The Netherlands.301-312.
1960	Lissner HR, Lebow M, Evans FG. Experimental studies on the relation between acceleration and intracranial pressure changes in man. Surg Gynecol Obstet. September 1960;111(3):329-338.
1980	Ono K, Kikuchi A, Nakamura M, Kobayashi H, Nakamura N. Human head tolerance to sagittal impact reliable estimation deduced from experimental head injury using subhuman primates and human cadaver skulls. In: Proceedings of the 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 15-17, 1980; Troy, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:103-160. SAE 801303.
1973	McElhaney JH, Stalnaker RL, Roberts VL. Biomechanical aspects of head injury. In: King WF, Mertz HJ, eds. Human Impact Response: Measurement and Simulation. Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Impact Response held at the General Motors Research Laboratorie; October 2-3, 1972; Warren, MI. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1973:85-112.
1984	Nusholtz GS, Lux P, Kaiker P, Janicki MA. Head impact response: skull deformation and angular accelerations. In: Proceedings of the 28th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 6-7, 1984; Chicago, IL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:41-74. SAE 841657.