Three-dimensional movements of the whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint

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Yamamoto, Isao¹; Panjabi, Manohar M.²; Crisco, Trey²; Oxland, Tom²

Three-dimensional movements of the whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint

Spine. November 1989;14(11):1256-1260

Affiliations

¹Department of Orthopaedics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

²Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
Abstract

Knowledge of the normal movements of whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint is important for evaluating clinical pathologic conditions that may potentially produce unstable situations in these regions. At present there are few studies that report systemic three-dimensional movement analysis of these regions. The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantitatively determine three-dimensional movements of the whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint. Ten fresh human cadaveric spine specimens including from L1 to sacrum (six specimens) and ilium (four specimens) were studied. Pure moments of a maximum of 10 N-m were applied incrementally. Parameters of neutral zone, elastic zone, and range of motion for rotations as well as for translations were measured. Neutral zones for flexion-extension, right/left axial torque, and right-left lateral bending were, respectively: 1.6°, 0.9°, and 1.4° (L1-2); 1.0°, 0.8°, and 2.0° (L2-3); 1.4°, 0.7°, and 1.4° (L3-4); 1.8°, 0.4°, and 1.6° (L4-5); 3.0°, 0.4°, and 1.8° (L5-S1). Ranges of motion for flexion, extension, axial torque (one side), and lateral bending (one side) were, respectively: 5.8°, 4.3°, 2.3°, and 4.9° (L1-2); 6.5°, 4.3°, 2.6°, and 7.0° (L2-3); 7.5°, 3.7°, 2.6°, and 5.7° (L3-4); 8.9°, 5.8°, 2.2°, and 5.7° (L4-5); 10.0°, 7.8°, 1.4°, and 5.5° (L5-S1). Neutral zone values were small except for flexion at L5-S1. In flexion and extension, more motion took place at lower levels (L4-5, L5-S1) than at upper levels. In axial rotation of the whole lumbar spine, least motion took place at L5-S1. In lateral bending, least motion took place at L1-2 and biggest motion took place at L2-3, while similar magnitudes of motion were seen at L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1.
Links

DOI: 10.1097/00007632-198911000-00020

WoS: 2603060
History

Received: 1989-03-01

Accepted: 1989-05-17

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2023	Iraeus J, Poojary YN, Jaber L, John J, Davidsson J. A new open-source finite element lumbar spine model, its tuning and validation, and development of a tissue-based injury risk function for compression fractures. In: Proceedings of the 2023 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-165, 2023; Cambridge, United Kingdom.1048-1072.
2000	Cripton PA, Bruehlmann SB, Orr TE, Oxland TR, Nolte L-P. In vitro axial preload application during spine flexibility testing: towards reduced apparatus-related artefacts. J Biomech. December 2000;33(12):1559-1568.
2023	Minster P-H, Lafon Y, Beillas P. Implications of range of motion requirements for the laxity of ligaments in a lumbar finite element model. J Biomech. February 2023;148:111460.
2011	Jaumard NV, Bauman JA, Weisshaar CL, Guarino BB, Welch WC, Winkelstein BA. Contact pressure in the facet joint during sagittal bending of the cadaveric cervical spine. J Biomech Eng. July 2011;133(7):071004.
2012	Weisse B, Aiyangar A, Affolter C, Gander R, Terrasi GP, Ploeg H. Determination of the translational and rotational stiffnesses of a L4-L5 functional spinal unit using a specimen-specific finite element model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. September 2012;13:45-61.
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