Architectural and Material Contributions to Fracture of the Spine and Proximal Femur

Year	Entry
1995	Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. The worldwide problem of osteoporosis: insights afforded by epidemiology. Bone. November 1995;17(5)(suppl 1):S505-S511.
1989	Schaffler MB, Radin EL, Burr DB. Mechanical and morphological effects of strain rate on fatigue of compact bone. Bone. 1989;10(3):207-214.
1988	Ashman RB, Rho JY. Elastic modulus of trabecular bone material. J Biomech. 1988;21(3):177-181.
1973	Vernon-Roberts B, Pirie CJ. Healing trabecular microfractures in the bodies of lumbar vertebrae. Ann Rheum Dis. September 1973;32(5):406-412.
1979	Parfitt AM. Quantum concept of bone remodeling and turnover: implications for the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Calcif Tiss Int. 1979;28(1):1-5.
1987	Schaffler MB, Burr DB, Frederickson RG. Morphology of the osteonal cement line in human bone. Anat Rec. March 1987;217(3):223-228.
1986	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Melton LJ III, Richelson LS, Judd HL, Offord KP. Rates of bone loss in the appendicular and axial skeletons of women: evidence of substantial vertebral bone loss before menopause. J Clin Invest. May 1986;77(5):1487-1491.
1987	Fazzalari NL, Vernon-Roberts B, Darracott J. Osteoarthritis of the hip: possible protective and causative roles of trabecular microfractures in the head of the femur. Clin Orthop Relat Res. March 1987;216:224-233.
1985	Cummings SR. Are patients with hip fractures more osteoporotic? review of the evidence. Am J Med. March 1985;78(3):487-494.
1985	Kleerekoper M, Villanueva AR, Stanciu J, Rao DS, Parfitt AM. The role of three-dimensional trabecular microstructure in the pathogenesis of vertebral compression fractures. Calcif Tiss Int. 1985;37(6):594-597.
1998	Hou FJ, Lang SM, Hoshaw SJ, Reimann DA, Fyhrie DP. Human vertebral body apparent and hard tissue stiffness. J Biomech. November 1998;31(11):1009-1015.
1975	Townsend PR, Rose RM, Radin EL. Buckling studies of single human trabeculae. J Biomech. July 1975;8(3-4):199-200.
1965	Sedlin ED. A rheologic model for cortical bone: a study of physical properties of human femoral samples. Acta Orthop Scand. 1965;(suppl 83):1-77.
1991	Snyder BD. Anisotropic Structure-Property Relations for Trabecular Bone: An Analysis of the Morphological and Constitutive Properties of Trabecular Bone from the Human Proximal Femur and Lumbar Spine [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 1991.
1997	Guo XE, Goldstein SA. Is trabecular bone tissue different from cortical bone tissue? Forma. 1997;12(3-4):185-196.
1990	Mosekilde L, Mosekilde L. Sex differences in age-related changes in vertebral body size, density and biomechanical competence in normal individuals. Bone. 1990;11(2):67-73.
1985	Beaupre GS, Hayes WC. Finite element analysis of a three-dimensional open-celled model for trabecular bone. J Biomech Eng. August 1985;107(3):249-256.
1989	Forwood MR, Parker AW. Microdamage in response to repetitive torsional loading in the rat tibia. Calcif Tiss Int. July 1989;45(1):47-53.
1994	Schaffler MB, Pitchford WC, Choi K, Riddle JM. Examination of compact bone microdamage using back-scattered electron microscopy. Bone. September–October 1994;15(5):483-488.
1995	Schaffler MB, Choi K, Milgrom C. Aging and matrix microdamage accumulation in human compact bone. Bone. December 1995;17(6):521-525.
1976	Carter DR, Hayes WC, Schurman DJ. Fatigue life of compact bone, II: effects of microstructure and density. J Biomech. 1976;9(4):211-218.
1984	Parfitt AM. Age-related structural changes in trabecular and cortical bone: cellular mechanisms and biomechanical consequences. Calcif Tiss Int. 1984;36(suppl 1):S123-S128.
1982	Williams JL, Lewis JL. Properties and an anisotropic model of cancellous bone from the proximal tibial epiphysis. J Biomech Eng. February 1982;104(1):50-56.
1975	Townsend PR, Raux P, Rose RM, Miegel RE, Radin EL. The distribution and anisotropy of the stiffness of cancellous bone in the human patella. J Biomech. 1975;8(6):363-367.
1993	Mosekilde L. Vertebral structure and strength in vivo and in vitro. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S121-S126.
1983	Bohr H, Schaadt O. Bone mineral content of femoral bone and the lumbar spine measured in women with fracture of the femoral neck by dual photon absorptiometry. Clin Orthop Relat Res. October 1983;179:240-245.
1996	Mullender MG, van der Meer DD, Huiskes R, Lips P. Osteocyte density changes in aging and osteoporosis. Bone. February 1996;18(2):109-113.
1993	Recker RR. Architecture and vertebral fracture. Calcif Tiss Int. 1993;53(suppl 1):S139-S142.
1961	Frost HM, Roth H, Villanueva AR. Physical characteristics of bone, IV: microscopic prefailure and failure patterns. Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull. 1961;9(1):163-170.
1992	Beck TJ, Ruff CB, Scott WW Jr, Plato CC, Tobin JD, Quan CA. Sex differences in geometry of the femoral neck with aging: a structural analysis of bone mineral data. Calcif Tiss Int. January 1992;51(1):24-29.
1982	Wicks M, Garrett R, Vernon-Roberts B, Fazzalari N. Absence of metabolic bone disease in the proximal femur in patients with fracture of the femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg. 1982;64B(3):319-322.
1989	Ryan SD, Williams JL. Tensile testing of rodlike trabeculae excised from bovine femoral bone. J Biomech. 1989;22(4):351-355.
1992	Parfitt AM. Implications of architecture for the pathogenesis and prevention of vertebral fracture. Bone. 1992;13(suppl 2):S41-S47.
1966	Arnold JS, Bartley MH, Tont SA, Jenkins DP. Skeletal changes in aging and disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. December 1966;49:17-38.
1991	Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, Wasnich RD. Pre-existing fractures and bone mass predict vertebral fracture incidence in women. Ann Intern Med. June 1, 1991;114(11):919-923.
1994	Goulet RW, Goldstein SA, Ciarelli MJ, Kuhn JL, Brown MB, Feldkamp LA. The relationship between the structural and orthogonal compressive properties of trabecular bone. J Biomech. April 1994;27(4):375-389.
1997	Mori S, Harruff R, Ambrosius W, Burr DB. Trabecular bone volume and microdamage accumulation in the femoral heads of women with and without femoral neck fractures. Bone. December 1997;21(6):521-526.
1993	Cooper C. The epidemiology of fragility fractures: is there a role for bone quality? Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S23-S26.
1989	Kuhn JL, Goldstein SA, Choi K, London M, Feldkamp LA, Matthews LS. Comparison of the trabecular and cortical tissue moduli from human iliac crests. J Orthop Res. November 1989;7(6):876-884.
1994	Greenspan SL, Myers ER, Maitland LA, Resnick NM, Hayes WC. Fall severity and bone mineral density as risk factors for hip fracture in ambulatory elderly. JAMA. January 12, 1994;271(2):128-133.
1989	Mosekilde L. Sex differences in age-related loss of vertebral trabecular bone mass and structure—biomechanical consequences. Bone. 1989;10(6):425-432.
1969	Currey JD. The mechanical consequences of variation in the mineral content of bone. J Biomech. March 1969;2(1):1-11.
1996	Pattin CA, Caler WE, Carter DR. Cyclic mechanical property degradation during fatigue loading of cortical bone. J Biomech. January 1996;29(1):69-79.
1987	Weinstein RS, Hutson MS. Decreased trabecular width and increased trabecular spacing contribute to bone loss with aging. Bone. 1987;8(3):137-142.
1993	Linde F, Sørensen HCF. The effect of different storage methods on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. J Biomech. 1993;26(10):1249-1252.
1974	Currey JD, Brear K. Tensile yield in bone. Calcif Tiss Res. December 1974;15(1):173-179.
1973	Pugh JW, Rose RM, Radin EL. A structural model for the mechanical behavior of trabecular bone. J Biomech. 1973;6(6):657-670.
1960	Frost HM. Presence of microscopic cracks in vivo in bone. Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull. 1960;8(1):25-35.
1990	Lotz JC, Hayes WC. The use of quantitative computed tomography to estimate risk of fracture of the hip from falls. J Bone Joint Surg. June 1990;72A(5):689-700.
1995	Hahn M, Vogel M, Amling M, Ritzel H, Delling G. Microcallus formations of the cancellous bone: a quantitative analysis of the human spine. J Bone Miner Res. September 1995;10(9):1410-1416.
1994	Jepsen KJ. Characterization of the Hierarchical Composite Properties of Cortical Bone: A Transgenic Approach [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1994.
1989	Melton LJ III, Kan SH, Frye MA, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of vertebral fractures in women. Am J Epidemiol. May 1989;129(5):1000-1011.
1990	Choi K, Kuhn JL, Ciarelli MJ, Goldstein SA. The elastic moduli of human subchondral, trabecular, and cortical bone tissue and the size-dependency of cortical bone modulus. J Biomech. 1990;23(11):1103-1113.
1992	Choi K, Goldstein SA. A comparison of the fatigue behavior of human trabecular and cortical bone tissue. J Biomech. 1992;25(12):1371-1381.
1972	Todd RC, Freeman MAR, Pirie CJ. Isolated trabecular fatigue fractures in the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg. November 1972;54B(4):723-728.
1966	Bartley MH Jr, Arnold JS, Haslam RK, Jee SS Webster. The relationship of bone strength and bone quantity in health, disease and aging. J Gerontol. 1966;21(4):517-521.
1989	Esses SI, Lotz JC, Hayes WC. Biomechanical properties of the proximal femur determined in vitro by single‐energy quantitative computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res. October 1989;4(5):715-722.
1989	Feldkamp LA, Goldstein SA, Parfitt MA, Jesion G, Kleerekoper M. The direct examination of three‐dimensional bone architecture in vitro by computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res. 1989;4(1):3-11.
1994	Fyhrie DP, Schaffler MB. Failure mechanisms in human vertebral cancellous bone. Bone. 1994;15(1):105-109.
1997	Rho J-Y, Tsui TY, Pharr GM. Elastic properties of human cortical and trabecular lamellar bone measured by nanoindentation. Biomaterials. 1997;18(20):1325-1330.
1997	Burr DB, Forwood MR, Fyhrie DP, Martin RB, Schaffler MB, Turner CH. Bone microdamage and skeletal fragility in osteoporotic and stress fractures. J Bone Miner Res. January 1997;12(1):6-15.
1993	Rho JY, Ashman RB, Turner CH. Young's modulus of trabecular and cortical bone material: ultrasonic and microtensile measurements. J Biomech. February 1993;26(2):111-119.
1990	Burr DB, Stafford T. Validity of the bulk-staining technique to separate artifactual from in vivo bone microdamage. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November 1990;260:305-308.
1996	Currey JD, Brear K, Zioupos P. The effects of ageing and changes in mineral content in degrading the toughness of human femora. J Biomech. February 1996;29(2):257-260.
1983	Kragstrup J, Melsen F, Mosekilde L. Thickness of bone formed at remodeling sites in normal human iliac trabecular bone: variations with age and sex. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res. 1983–1984;5(1):17-21.
1983	Parfitt AM, Mathews CH, Villanueva AR, Kleerekoper M, Frame B, Rao DS. Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis: implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss. J Clin Invest. October 1983;72(4):1396-1409.
1993	Heaney RP. Is there a role for bone quality in fragility fractures? Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S3-S6.
1975	Runkle JC, Pugh J. The micro-mechanics of cancellous bone, II: determination of the elastic modulus of individual trabeculae by a buckling analysis. Bull Hosp Joint Dis. April 1975;36(1):2-10.
1970	Chamay A. Mechanical and morphological aspect of experimental overload and fatigue in bone. J Biomech. May 1970;3(3):263-270.
1988	Alho A, Husby R, Høiseth A. Bone mineral content and mechanical strength: an ex vivo study on human femora at autopsy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. February 1988;227:292-297.
1972	Chamay A, Tschantz P. Mechanical influences in bone remodeling: experimental research on Wolff's law. J Biomech. March 1972;5(2):173-180.
1993	Grynpas M. Age and disease-related changes in the mineral of bone. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S57-S64.
1993	Mori S, Burr DB. Increased intracortical remodeling following fatigue damage. Bone. March–April 1993;14(2):103-109.
1988	Burr DB, Schaffler MB, Frederickson RG. Composition of the cement line and its possible mechanical role as a local interface in human compact bone. J Biomech. 1988;21(11):939-945.
1989	Benaissa R, Uhthoff HK, Mercier P. Repair of trabecular fatigue fractures: cadaver studies of the upper femur. Acta Orthop Scand. October 1989;60(5):585-589.
1993	Vogel M, Hahn M, Delling G. Relation between 2- and 3-dimensional architecture of trabecular bone in the human spine. Bone. May–June 1993;14(3):199-203.
1960	Frost HM. Micropetrosis. J Bone Joint Surg. January 1960;42A(1):144-150.
1985	Burr DB, Martin RB, Schaffler MB, Radin EL. Bone remodeling in response to in vivo fatigue microdamage. J Biomech. 1985;18(3):189-200.
1984	Ohtani T, Azuma H. Trabecular microfractures in the acetabulum: histologic studies in cadavers. Acta Orthop Scand. August 1984;55(4):419-422.
1998	Derwin KA. A Quantitative Investigation of Structure-Function Relationships in a Tendon Fascicle Model [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1998.
1983	Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Evidence for two distinct syndromes of involutional osteoporosis. Am J Med. December 1983;75(6):899-901.
1982	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Seeman E, Offord KP, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Johnson KA, Melton LJ III. Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging: differences between the postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis syndromes. J Clin Invest. October 1982;70(4):716-723.
1981	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Offord KP, Melton LJ III. Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging: relationship to spinal osteoporosis. J Clin Invest. February 1981;67(2):328-335.
1986	Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Involutional osteoporosis. NEJM. June 26, 1986;314(26):1676-1686.
1957	Evans FG, Lebow M. Strength of human compact bone under repetitive loading. J Appl Physiol. January 1957;10(1):127-130.
1990	Lotz JC, Gerhart TN, Hayes WC. Mechanical properties of trabecular bone from the proximal femur: a quantitative CT study. J Comput Assist Tomogr. January–February 1990;14(1):107-114.
1991	Lotz JC, Gerhart TN, Hayes WC. Mechanical properties of metaphyseal bone in the proximal femur. J Biomech. 1991;24(5):317-329.
1973	Radin EL, Parker HG, Pugh JW, Steinberg RS, Paul IL, Rose RM. Response of joints to impact loading, III: relationship between trabecular microfractures and cartilage degeneration. J Biomech. January 1973;6(1):51-57.
1978	Lips P, Courpron P, Meunier PJ. Mean wall thickness of trabecular bone packets in the human iliac crest: changes with age. Calcif Tiss Res. 1978;26(1):13-17.

Year	Entry
2006	McCreadie BR, Morris MD, Chen T-c, Rao DS, Finney WF, Widjaja E, Goldstein SA. Bone tissue compositional differences in women with and without osteoporotic fracture. Bone. December 2006;39(6):1190-1195.
2000	McCreadie BR. Structural and Material Changes in Osteoporosis: Their Impact on the Mechanical Environment of the Osteocyte [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2000.