The reflected-light microscope has been used to examine sections of cancellous bone from the knee joint of skeletally mature rabbits, guinea pigs, and humans. The cartilage in these joints appeared normal. Microfractures nad trabecular thickening were observed in regions of all the samples. In some instances, callu sformation indicative of repair mechanisms was observed at fracture sites. The potentially important effects of these phenomena on the normal mechanical functioning of cancellous bone are discussed.