The shearing properties of single osteons

wbldb

Ascenzi, Antonio¹; Bonucci, Ermanno¹

The shearing properties of single osteons

Anat Rec. March 1972;172B(3):499-510

Affiliations

¹Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Abstract

The shearing strength of single human osteons has been investigated using a microtesting machine equipped with a microwave micrometer. The results Were related to the degree of calcification and the orientation of collagen fiber bundles in successive lamellae of the osteons. The following conclusions were made: (1) Osteons having a marked longitudinal spiral course of fiber bundles in successive lamellae are least able to support shearing stress. This suggests that in the other types of osteon the compactness of bone is strengthened by the lamellae having marked transversal spiral course of the fiber bundles. (2)Ultimate shearing strength and modulus of elasticity of osteons increase as calcification proceeds. (3) The shearing strength of single osteons is markedly lower than the tensile and compressive strength for samples of the same type. (4) In osteons loaded along their axis the range of elastic deformation is barely more than 1% of the length of the sample. (5) With the technical procedure used in this investigation the shearing of osteons appears to be preferentially related to the lamellar structure. In osteons loaded excentrically the portions which have slipped out have a rather irregular shape and in many cases one or two fractures occur. (6) The resistance to shearing of the cementing substance at the boundaries of the osteon may be greater than the resistance of the osteon itself.
Links

DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091720304

PubMed: 5011944
History

Received: 1971-07-27

Accepted: 1971-09-22

Cited Works (7)

Year	Entry
1876	Rauber AA. Elasticität Und Festigkeit Der Knochen: Anatomisch-Physiologische Studie. Leipzig, Germany: Verlag Von Wilhelm Engelmann; 1876.
1951	Evans FG, Lebow M. Regional differences in some of the physical properties of the human femur. J Appl Physiol. 1951;3(9):563-572.
1967	Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The tensile properties of single osteons. Acta Anat. 1967;158(4):375-386.
1965	Ascenzi A, Bonucci E, Bocciarelli DS. An electron microscope study of osteon calcification. J Ultrastruct Res. April 1965;12(3-4):287-303.
1952	Dempster WT, Liddicoat RT. Compact bone as a non-isotropic material. Am J Anat. 1952;91(3):331-362.
1962	Currey JD. Strength of bone. Nature. August 4, 1962;195:513-514.
1968	Ascenzi A, Bonucci E. The compressive properties of single osteons. Anat Rec. July 1968;161(3):377-392.

Cited By (41)

Year	Entry
2013	Pechníková M. Forensic Analysis of Bone Fractures Caused by Blunt Force Trauma [PhD thesis]. Brno, Czech Republic: Masaryk University; 2013.
2001	Turner CH, Burr DB. Experimental techniques for bone mechanics. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:7-1–7-35.
2001	Guo XE. Mechanical properties of cortical and cancellous bone tissue. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:10-1–10-23.
1998	Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA. Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1998.
1993	Riggs CM, Lanyon LE, Boyde A. Functional associations between collagen fibre orientation and locomotor strain direction in cortical bone of the equine radius. Anat Embryol. March 1993;187(3):231-238.
1993	Riggs CM, Vaughan LC, Evans GP, Lanyon LE, Boyde A. Mechanical implications of collagen fibre orientation in cortical bone of the equine radius. Anat Embryol. March 1993;187(3):239-248.
2000	Hoffler CE, Moore KE, Kozloff K, Zysset PK, Brown MB, Goldstein SA. Heterogeneity of bone lamellar-level elastic moduli. Bone. June 2000;26(6):603-609.
2007	Ebacher V, Tang C, McKay H, Oxland TR, Guy P, Wang R. Strain redistribution and cracking behavior of human bone during bending. Bone. May 2007;40(5):1265-1275.
2015	Tang T, Ebacher V, Cripton P, Guy P, McKay H, Wang R. Shear deformation and fracture of human cortical bone. Bone. February 2015;71:25-35.
1976	Ascenzi A, Bonucci E, Benvenuti A. Relationship between ultrastructure and “pin test” in osteons. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November–December 1976;121:275-294.
1978	Carter DR, Spengler DM. Mechanical properties and composition of cortical bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. September 1978;135:192-217.
2022	Megías R, Vercher-Martínez A, Belda R, Peris JL, Larrainzar-Garijo R, Giner E, Fuenmayor FJ. Numerical modelling of cancellous bone damage using an orthotropic failure criterion and tissue elastic properties as a function of the mineral content and microporosity. Comput Methods Prog Biomed. June 2022;219:106764.
2020	Zhou Y, Kastner MJ, Tighe TB, Du J. Elastic modulus mapping for bovine cortical bone from submillimeter- to submicron-scales using PeakForce Tapping atomic force microscopy. Extreme Mech Lett. November 1, 2020;41:101031.
2011	Mischinski S, Ural A. Finite element modeling of microcrack growth in cortical bone. J Appl Mech. July 2011;78(4):041016.
1973	Ascenzi A, Bonucci E, Simkin A. An approach to the mechanical properties of single osteonic lamellae. J Biomech. May 1973;6(3):227-235.
1974	Evans FG, Vincentelli R. Relations of the compressive properties of human cortical bone to histological structure and calcification. J Biomech. January 1974;7(1):1-10.
1975	Currey JD. The effects of strain rate, reconstruction and mineral content on some mechanical properties of bovine bone. J Biomech. 1975;8(1):81-86.
1980	Gottesman T, Hashin Z. Analysis of viscoelastic behaviour of bones on the basis of microstructure. J Biomech. 1980;13(2):89-96.
1986	Corondan G, Haworth WL. A fractographic study of human long bone. J Biomech. 1986;19(3):207-218.
1992	Hogan HA. Micromechanics modeling of Haversian cortical bone properties. J Biomech. May 1992;25(5):549-556.
1992	Pidaparti RMV, Burr DB. Collagen fiber orientation and geometry effects on the mechanical properties of secondary osteons. J Biomech. August 1992;25(8):869-880.
1999	Zysset PK, Guo XE, Hoffler CE, Moore KE, Goldstein SA. Elastic modulus and hardness of cortical and trabecular bone lamellae measured by nanoindentation in the human femur. J Biomech. October 1999;32(10):1005-1012.
2006	Bigley RF, Griffin LV, Christensen L, Vandenbosch R. Osteon interfacial strength and histomorphometry of equine cortical bone. J Biomech. 2006;39(9):1629-1640.
2020	Ascenzi M-G, Zonca A, Keyak JH. Effect of cortical bone micro-structure in fragility fracture patients on lamellar stress. J Biomech. February 13, 2020;100:109596.
2004	Dong XN, Guo XE. Geometric determinants to cement line debonding and osteonal lamellae failure in osteon pushout tests. J Biomech Eng. June 2004;126(3):387-390.
1977	Saha S. Longitudinal shear properties of human compact bone and its constituents, and the associated failure mechanisms. J Mater Sci. 1977;12(9):1798-1806.
2020	Collins CJ, Kozyrev M, Frank M, Andriotis OG, Byrne RA, Kiener HP, Pretterklieber ML, Thurner PJ. The impact of age, mineralization, and collagen orientation on the mechanics of individual osteons from human femurs. Materialia. March 2020;9:100573.
2005	Dong XN, Zhang X, Guo XE. Interfacial strength of cement lines in human cortical bone. Mech Chem Biosyst. June 2005;2(2):63-8.
1974	Pope MH, Murphy MC. Fracture energy of bone in a shear mode. Med Biol Eng. November 1974;12(6):763-767.
2002	Dong X. Micromechanics of Osteonal Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2002.
2005	Yoon YJ. Estimates of Bone Elastic Constants At Sequential Hierarchical Levels [PhD thesis]. New York, NY: The City University of New York; 2005.
2002	Egerer AK. The Relationship Between the Osteonal Cement Line and Bone Strength [PhD thesis]. Loma Linda University; June 2002.
1998	Robling AG. Histomorphometric Assessment of Mechanical Loading History from Human Skeletal Remains: The Relation Between Micromorphology and Macromorphology At the Femoral Midshaft [PhD thesis]. University of Missouri; December 1998.
2012	Jimenez Palomar I. Mechanical Properties of Bone At the Sub-lamellar Level [PhD thesis]. London, England: Queen Mary University of London; September 2012.
1974	Frasca P. Structure and Dynamic Mechanical Properties Op Human Single Osteons [PhD thesis]. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; May 1974.
2011	Ebacher V. Experimental Study of Deformation and Microcracking in Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; May 2011.
2018	Tang T. Fracture Mechanisms and Structural Fragility of Human Femoral Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; April 2018.
2016	Arango Villegas C. Study of the Mechanical Behavior of Cortical Bone Microstructure by the Finite Element Method [PhD thesis]. Universität Politècnica de València; May 2016.
1998	Vajda EG. Age-Related Changes in the Microstructure and Mineralization of the Female Proximal Femur [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; March 1998.
2010	Reyes MJ. Age-Related Influence of Bone Remodeling on Local Tissue Properties of Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. San Antionio, TX: University of Texas at San Antonio; December 2010.
2012	Banglmaier RF. Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of a Hydroxyapatite-Collagen Bone Surrogate [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2012.