Biomechanical aspects of fractures

Melton, III, L. Joseph; Chao, Edmund Y. S.; Lane, Joseph

Year	Entry
1970	Yamada H. Strength of Biological Materials. Evans FG, ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company; 1970.
1983	Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Evidence for two distinct syndromes of involutional osteoporosis. Am J Med. December 1983;75(6):899-901.
1967	Atkinson PJ. Variation in trabecular structure of vertebrae with age. Calcif Tiss Res. December 1967;1(1):24-32.
1981	Chatterji S, Wall JC, Jeffery JW. Age-related changes in the orientation and particle size of the mineral phase in human femoral cortical bone. Calcif Tiss Int. December 1981;33(6):567-574.
1973	Vernon-Roberts B, Pirie CJ. Healing trabecular microfractures in the bodies of lumbar vertebrae. Ann Rheum Dis. September 1973;32(5):406-412.
1982	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Seeman E, Offord KP, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Johnson KA, Melton LJ III. Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging: differences between the postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis syndromes. J Clin Invest. October 1982;70(4):716-723.
1977	Kazarian L, Graves GA Jr. Compressive strength characteristics of the human vertebral centrum. Spine. March 1977;2(1):1-14.
1978	White AA III, Panjabi MM. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott Company; 1978.
1985	Cummings SR. Are patients with hip fractures more osteoporotic? review of the evidence. Am J Med. March 1985;78(3):487-494.
1982	Mazess RB. On aging bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res. May 1982;165:239-252.
1960	Roaf R. A study of the mechanics of spinal injuries. J Bone Joint Surg. November 1960;42B(4):810-823.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. Compact bone fatigue damage, I: residual strength and stiffness. J Biomech. 1977;10(5-6):325-337.
1983	Martens M, Van Audekercke R, Delport P, De Meester P, Mulier JC. The mechanical characteristics of cancellous bone at the upper femoral region. J Biomech. 1983;16(12):971-983.
1982	Ruff CB, Hayes WC. Subperiosteal expansion and cortical remodeling of the human femur and tibia with aging. Science. September 3, 1982;217(4563):945-948.
1982	Leichter I, Margulies JY, Weinreb A, Mizrahi J, Robin GC, Conforty B, Makin M, Bloch B. The relationship between bone density, mineral content, and mechanical strength in the femoral neck. Clin Orthop Relat Res. March 1982;163:272-281.
1973	Meunier P, Courpron P, Edouard C, Bernard J, Bringuier J, Vignon G. Physiological senile involution and pathological rarefaction of bone: quantitative and comparative histological data. Clin Endocrinol Metab. July 1973;2(2):239-256.
1985	Mosekilde L, Viidik A, Mosekilde L. Correlation between the compressive strength of iliac and vertebral trabecular bone in normal individuals. Bone. 1985;6(5):291-295.
1983	Neil JL, Demos TC, Stone JL, Hayes WC. Tensile and compressive properties of vertebral trabecular bone. In: Transacation of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society. March 8-10, 1983; Anaheim, CA.344.
1974	Freeman MAR, Todd RC, Pirie CJ. The role of fatigue in the pathogenesis of senile femoral neck fractures. J Bone Joint Surg. November 1974;56B(4):698-702.
1984	Parfitt AM. Age-related structural changes in trabecular and cortical bone: cellular mechanisms and biomechanical consequences. Calcif Tiss Int. 1984;36(suppl 1):S123-S128.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. The compressive behavior of bone as a two-phase porous structure. J Bone Joint Surg. 1977;59A(7):954-962.
1975	Smith DM, Khairi MR, Johnston CC Jr. The loss of bone mineral with aging and its relationship to risk of fracture. J Clin Invest. August 1975;56(2):311-318.
1981	Woo SL-Y, Kuei SC, Amiel D, Gomez MA, Hayes WC, White FC, Akeson WH. The effect of prolonged physical training on the properties of long bone: a study of Wolff's Law. J Bone Joint Surg. June 1981;63A(5):780-787.
1985	Melton LJ, Riggs BL. Risk factors for injury after a fall. Clin Geriatr Med. August 1985;1(3):525-539.
1976	Lindahl O. Mechanical properties of dried defatted spongy bone. Acta Orthop Scand. 1976;47(1):11-19.
1984	Currey JD. Mechanical Adaptations of Bone. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1984.
1986	Melton LJ III, Wahner HW, Richelson LS, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Osteoporosis and the risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol. August 1986;124(2):254-261.
1976	Smith CB, Smith DA. Relations between age, mineral density and mechanical properties of human femoral compacta. Acta Orthop Scand. 1976;47(5):496-502.
1953	Smith LD. Hip fractures: the role of muscle contraction or intrinsic forces in the causation of fractures of the femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg. April 1953;35A(2):367-383.
1982	Frost HM. Review article mechanical determinants of bone modeling. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res. 1982;4(4):217-229.
1985	Frost HM. The pathomechanics of osteoporoses. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November 1985;200:198-225.
1970	Singh M, Nagrath AR, Maini PS. Changes in trabecular pattern of the upper end of the femur as an index of osteoporosis. J Bone Joint Surg. April 1970;52A(3):457-467.
1983	Denis F. The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine. November–December 1983;8(8):817-831.
1983	Parfitt AM, Mathews CH, Villanueva AR, Kleerekoper M, Frame B, Rao DS. Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis: implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss. J Clin Invest. October 1983;72(4):1396-1409.
1975	Reilly DT, Burstein AH. The elastic and ultimate properties of compact bone tissue. J Biomech. 1975;8(6):393-405.
1970	Newton-John HF, Morgan DB. The loss of bone with age, osteoporosis, and fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. July–August 1970;71:229-252.
1976	Dalén N, Hellström L-G, Jacobson B. Bone mineral content and mechanical strength of the femoral neck. Acta Orthop Scand. 1976;47(5):503-508.
1968	Currey JD. The effect of protection on the impact strength of rabbits’ bones. Acta Anat. 1968;71(1):87-93.
1981	Hansson T, Roos B. Microcalluses of the trabeculae in lumbar vertebrae and their relation to the bone mineral content. Spine. July–August 1981;6(4):375-380.
1980	Hansson T, Roos B, Nachemson A. The bone mineral content and ultimate compressive strength of lumbar vertebrae. Spine. January–February 1980;5(1):46-55.
1966	Bartley MH Jr, Arnold JS, Haslam RK, Jee SS Webster. The relationship of bone strength and bone quantity in health, disease and aging. J Gerontol. 1966;21(4):517-521.
1983	Ruff CB, Hayes WC. Cross‐sectional geometry of Pecos Pueblo femora and tibiae: a biomechanical investigation, I: method and general patterns of variation. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1983;60(3):359-381.
1970	Galante J, Rostoker W, Ray RD. Physical properties of trabecular bone. Calcif Tiss Res. 1970;5(1):236-246.
1980	Carter DR, Schwab GH, Spengler DM. Tensile fracture of cancellous bone. Acta Orthop Scand. 1980;51(5):733-741.
1964	Alffram P-A. An epidemiologic study of cervical and trochanteric fractures of the femur in an urban population analysis of 1,664 cases with special reference to etiologic factors. Acta Orthop Scand. 1964;35(suppl 65):1-109.
1976	Schlenker RA, VonSeggen WW. The distribution of cortical and trabecular bone mass along the lengths of the radius and ulna and the implications forin vivo bone mass measurements. Calcif Tiss Res. December 1976;20(1):41-52.
1981	Dickenson RP, Hutton WC, Stott JRR. The mechanical properties of bone in osteoporosis. J Bone Joint Surg. August 1981;63B(2):233-238.
1964	Smith RW Jr, Walker RR. Femoral expansion in aging women: implications for osteoporosis and fractures. Science. July 10, 1964;145(3628):156-157.
1982	Horsman A, Nordin C, Simpson M, Spee R. Cortical and trabecular bone status in elderly women with femoral neck fracture. Clin Orthop Relat Res. June 1982;166:143-151.
1986	Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Involutional osteoporosis. NEJM. June 26, 1986;314(26):1676-1686.
1982	Schultz AB, Andersson GBJ, Haderspeck K, Örtengren R, Nordin M, Björk R. Analysis and measurement of lumbar trunk loads in tasks involving bends and twists. J Biomech. 1982;15(9):669-675.
1970	Merz WA, Schenk RK. Quantitative structural analysis of human cancellous bone. Acta Anat. 1970;75(1):54-66.
1967	Bell GH, Dunbar O, Beck JS, Gibb A. Variations in strength of vertebrae with age and their relation to osteoporosis. Calcif Tiss Res. 1967;1(1):75-86.
1983	Bohr H, Schaadt O. Bone mineral content of femoral bone and the lumbar spine measured in women with fracture of the femoral neck by dual photon absorptiometry. Clin Orthop Relat Res. October 1983;179:240-245.
1971	Griffiths WEG, Swanson SAV, Freeman MAR. Experimental fatigue fracture of the human cadaveric femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg. February 1971;53B(1):136-143.
1983	Horsman A, Currey JD. Estimation of mechanical properties of the distal radius from bone mineral content and cortical width. Clin Orthop Relat Res. June 1983;(176):298-304.
1979	Currey JD. Changes in the impact energy absorption of bone with age. J Biomech. 1979;12(6):459-469.
1976	Burstein AH, Reilly DT, Martens M. Aging of bone tissue: mechanical properties. J Bone Joint Surg. 1976;58A(1):82-86.
1957	Perey O. Fracture of the vertebral end-plate in the lumbar spine: an experimental biomechanical investigation. Acta Orthop Scand. 1957;28(suppl 25):1-101.
1980	Brown TD, Ferguson AB Jr. Mechanical property distributions in the cancellous bone of the human proximal femur. Acta Orthop Scand. 1980;51(1):429-437.
1985	McBroom RJ, Hayes WC, Edwards WT, Goldberg RP, White AA III. Prediction of vertebral body compressive fracture using quantitative computed tomography. J Bone Joint Surg. 1985;67A(8):1206-1214.
1982	Wicks M, Garrett R, Vernon-Roberts B, Fazzalari N. Absence of metabolic bone disease in the proximal femur in patients with fracture of the femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg. 1982;64B(3):319-322.
1984	Röhrle H, Scholten R, Sigolotto C, Sollbach W, Kellner H. Joint forces in the human pelvis-leg skeleton during walking. J Biomech. 1984;17(6):409-424.

Year	Entry
1992	Myers ER, Greenspan SL, Hayes WC. Biomechanics of hip fracture risk. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Injury Prevention Through Biomechanics Symposium. April 10-11, 1992; Detroit, MI.41-46.
1989	Melton LJ III, Kan SH, Frye MA, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of vertebral fractures in women. Am J Epidemiol. May 1989;129(5):1000-1011.
1998	Greenspan SL, Myers ER, Kiel DP, Parker RA, Hayes WC, Resnick NM. Fall direction, bone mineral density, and function: risk factors for hip fracture in frail nursing home elderly. Am J Med. June 1998;104(6):539-545.
1997	Robinovitch SN, Hayes WC, McMahon TA. Distribution of contact force during impact to the hip. Ann Biomed Eng. May 1997;25(3):499-508.
1990	Melton LJ III, Eddy DM, Johnston C Jr. Screening for osteoporosis. Ann Intern Med. April 1, 1990;112(7):516-528.
1991	Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, Wasnich RD. Pre-existing fractures and bone mass predict vertebral fracture incidence in women. Ann Intern Med. June 1, 1991;114(11):919-923.
1996	Hayes WC, Myers ER, Robinovitch SN, Van Den Kroonenberg A, Courtney AC, McMahon TA. Etiology and prevention of age-related hip fractures. Bone. January 1996;18(1)(suppl):77S-86S.
1996	Melton LJ III. Epidemiology of hip fractures: implications of the exponential increase with age. Bone. March 1996;18(3)(suppl 1):S121-S125.
1992	Einhorn TA. Bone strength: the bottom line. Calcif Tiss Int. November 1992;51(5):333-339.
1993	Cooper C. The epidemiology of fragility fractures: is there a role for bone quality? Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S23-S26.
1993	Dunstan CR, Somers NM, Evans RA. Osteocyte death and hip fracture. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(1):S113-S117.
1993	Hayes WC, Myers ER, Morris JN, Gerhart TN, Yett HS, Lipsitz LA. Impact near the hip dominates fracture risk in elderly nursing home residents who fall. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1993;52(3):192-198.
1998	Wohl GR, Loehrke L, Watkins BA, Zernicke RF. Effects of high-fat diet on mature bone mineral content, structure, and mechanical properties. Calcif Tiss Int. July 1998;63(1):74-79.
1994	Greenspan SL, Myers ER, Maitland LA, Resnick NM, Hayes WC. Fall severity and bone mineral density as risk factors for hip fracture in ambulatory elderly. JAMA. January 12, 1994;271(2):128-133.
1993	Nevitt MC, Cummings SR; Study of Osteoporofic Fractures Research Group. Type of fall and risk of hip and wrist fractures: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Am Geriatr Soc. November 1993;41(11):1226-1234.
1998	Hsiao ET, Robinovitch SN. Common protective movements govern unexpected falls from standing height. J Biomech. January 1998;31(1):1-9.
1998	Chiu J, Robinovitch SN. Prediction of upper extremity impact forces during falls on the outstretched hand. J Biomech. December 1998;31(12):1169-1176.
1996	Yang KH, Shen K-L, Demetropoulos CK, King AI, Kolodziej P, Levine RS, Fitzgerald RH Jr. The relationship between loading conditions and fracture patterns of the proximal femur. J Biomech Eng. November 1996;118(4):575-578.
1990	Lotz JC, Hayes WC. The use of quantitative computed tomography to estimate risk of fracture of the hip from falls. J Bone Joint Surg. June 1990;72A(5):689-700.
1991	Eastell R, Cedel SL, Wahner HW, Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Classification of vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Res. March 1991;6(3):207-215.
1992	Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton JL III. Incidence of clinically diagnosed vertebral fractures: a population‐based study in Rochester, Minnesota, 1985‐1989. J Bone Miner Res. February 1992;7(2):221-227.
1992	Melton LJ III, Chrischilles EA, Cooper C, Lane AW, Riggs BL. How many women have osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res. September 1992;7(9):1005-1010.
1997	Melton LJ III, Thamer M, Ray NF, Chan JK, Chesnut CH III, Einhorn TA, Johnston CC, Raisz LG, Silverman SL, Siris ES. Fractures attributable to osteoporosis: report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. J Bone Miner Res. January 1997;12(1):16-23.
1997	Ray NF, Chan JK, Thamer M, Melton LJ III. Medical expenditures for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures in the United States in 1995: report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. J Bone Miner Res. January 1997;12(1):24-35.
1997	Melton LJ III, Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Relationship of bone turnover to bone density and fractures. J Bone Miner Res. July 1997;12(7):1083-1091.
1998	Melton LJ III, Atkinson EJ, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Bone density and fracture risk in men. J Bone Miner Res. December 1998;13(12):1915-1923.
2007	Bouxsein ML, Szulc P, Munoz F, Thrall E, Sornay‐Rendu E, Delmas PD. Contribution of trochanteric soft tissues to fall force estimates, the factor of risk, and prediction of hip fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res*. June 2007;22(6):825-831.
1988	Melton LJ III, Kan SH, Wahner HW, Riggs BL. Lifetime fracture risk: an approach to hip fracture risk assessment based on bone mineral density and age. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41(10):985-994.
1988	Hui SL, Slemenda CW, Johnston CC Jr. Age and bone mass as predictors of fracture in a prospective study. J Clin Invest. June 1988;81(6):1804-1809.
1989	Cummings SR, Nevitt MC. A hypothesis: the causes of hip fractures. J Gerontol Med Sci. September 1989;44(5):M107-M111.
1995	Lotz JC, Cheal EJ, Hayes WC. Stress distributions within the proximal femur during gait and falls: implications for osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporos Int. July 1995;5(3):252-261.
1998	Schwartz AV, Kelsey JL, Sidney S, Grisso JA. Characteristics of falls and risk of hip fracture in elderly men. Osteoporos Int. May 1998;8(3):240-246.
1991	Hayes WC, Piazza SJ, Zysset PK. Biomechanics of fracture risk prediction of the hip and spine by quantitative computed tomography. Radiol Clin North Am. 1991;29(1):1-18.
2007	Akhtar R. Micromechanical Behaviour of Bone [PhD thesis]. University of Manchester; 2007.
1994	Robinovitch SN. Hip Fracture and Fall Impact Biomechanics [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; September 1994.
2002	Henley JD. A Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Postural Perturbation [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; May 2002.
2011	Yao H. Microstructure-Based Characterization and Modeling of Trabecular Bone Deformation and Failure [PhD thesis]. Southern Methodist University; August 3, 2011.
2013	Enns-Bray WS. Mapping Anisotropy of the Proximal Femur for Improved Image-Based Finite Element Analysis [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 2013.
2000	Hsiao ET. Biomechanical Analysis of Movement Strategies During Falls from Standing Height [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 2000.
1997	Sabick MB. The Effects of Fall Direction and Protective Responses on the Likelihood of Hip Fracture in Falls [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; August 1997.
2002	Hwang I-K. Biomechanical Analysis of Wrist Impact Loading During Fall Arrests: Experimental and Computer Simulation Study [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee; December 2002.
2001	Zhang N. Investigation of Bone Mechanical Properties At the Microscopic Level Using Ultrasonic Methods and Numerical Simulation [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2001.