The role of fatigue in the pathogenesis of senile femoral neck fractures

Freeman, M. A. R.; Todd, R. C.; Pirie, C. J.

Year	Entry
1986	Frost HM. Intermediary Organization of the Skeleton. Vols. 1-2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1986.
1988	Melton LJ III, Chao EYS, Lane J. Biomechanical aspects of fractures. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, eds. Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988:111-131.
2015	King AI. Introduction to and applications of injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:1-31.
1981	Carter DR, Caler WE, Spengler DM, Frankel VH. Fatigue behavior of adult cortical bone: the influence of mean strain and strain range. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(5):481-490.
1984	Ohtani T, Azuma H. Trabecular microfractures in the acetabulum: histologic studies in cadavers. Acta Orthop Scand. August 1984;55(4):419-422.
1989	Benaissa R, Uhthoff HK, Mercier P. Repair of trabecular fatigue fractures: cadaver studies of the upper femur. Acta Orthop Scand. October 1989;60(5):585-589.
1994	Frost HM. Wolff's law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. Angle Orthod. June 1994;64(3):175-188.
2004	Wang X, Puram S. The toughness of cortical bone and its relationship with age. Ann Biomed Eng. January 2004;32(1):123-135.
1995	Schaffler MB, Choi K, Milgrom C. Aging and matrix microdamage accumulation in human compact bone. Bone. December 1995;17(6):521-525.
1998	Fazzalari NL, Forwood MR, Smith K, Manthey BA, Herreen P. Assessment of cancellous bone quality in severe osteoarthrosis: bone mineral density, mechanics, and microdamage. Bone. 1998;22(4):381-388.
1998	Norman TL, Yeni YN, Brown CU, Wang Z. Influence of microdamage on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia. Bone. September 1998;23(3):303-306.
1998	Fazzalari NL, Forwood MR, Manthey BA, Smith K, Kolesik P. Three-dimensional confocal images of microdamage in cancellous bone. Bone. October 1998;23(4):373-378.
1992	Frost HM. Perspectives: bone's mechanical usage windows. Bone Miner. December 1992;19(3):257-271.
1989	Frost HM. Transient-steady state phenomena in microdamage physiology: a proposed algorithm for lamellar bone. Calcif Tiss Int. June 1989;44(6):367-381.
1993	Cooper C. The epidemiology of fragility fractures: is there a role for bone quality? Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S23-S26.
1993	Burr DB. Remodeling and the repair of fatigue damage. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S75-S81.
1993	Dunstan CR, Somers NM, Evans RA. Osteocyte death and hip fracture. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(1):S113-S117.
1993	Fazzalari NL. Trabecular microfracture. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S143-S147.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. Compact bone fatigue damage: a microscopic examination. Clin Orthop Relat Res. September 1977;127:265-274.
1985	Frost HM. The pathomechanics of osteoporoses. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November 1985;200:198-225.
1990	Burr DB, Stafford T. Validity of the bulk-staining technique to separate artifactual from in vivo bone microdamage. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November 1990;260:305-308.
1989	Jones BH, Harris JM, Vinh TN, Rubin C. Exercise-induced stress fractures and stress reactions of bone: epidemiology, etiology, and classification. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. January 1989;17(1):379-422.
1987	Carter DR, Fyhrie DP, Whalen RT. Trabecular bone density and loading history: regulation of connective tissue biology by mechanical energy. J Biomech. 1987;20(8):785-794.
1992	Choi K, Goldstein SA. A comparison of the fatigue behavior of human trabecular and cortical bone tissue. J Biomech. 1992;25(12):1371-1381.
1994	Guo X-DE, McMahon TA, Keaveny TM, Hayes WC, Gibson LJ. Finite element modeling of damage accumulation in trabecular bone under cyclic loading. J Biomech. February 1994;27(2):145-155.
1994	Keaveny TM, Guo XE, Wachtel EF, McMahon TA, Hayes WC. Trabecular bone exhibits fully linear elastic behavior and yields at low strains. J Biomech. 1994;27(9):1127-1136.
1994	Keaveny TM, Wachtel EF, Guo XE, Hayes WC. Mechanical behavior of damaged trabecular bone. J Biomech. November 1994;27(11):1309-1318.
1997	Hoshaw SJ, Cody DD, Saad AM, Fyhrie DP. Decrease in canine proximal femoral ultimate strength and stiffness due to fatigue damage. J Biomech. April 1997;30(3):323-329.
2003	Cotton JR, Zioupos P, Winwood K, Taylor M. Analysis of creep strain during tensile fatigue of cortical bone. J Biomech. July 2003;36(7):943-949.
1996	Yang KH, Shen K-L, Demetropoulos CK, King AI, Kolodziej P, Levine RS, Fitzgerald RH Jr. The relationship between loading conditions and fracture patterns of the proximal femur. J Biomech Eng. November 1996;118(4):575-578.
1998	Bowman SM, Guo XE, Cheng DW, Keaveny TM, Gibson LJ, Hayes WC, McMahon TA. Creep contributes to the fatigue behavior of bovine trabecular bone. J Biomech Eng. October 1998;120(5):647-654.
2002	Makiyama AM, Vajjhala S, Gibson LJ. Analysis of crack growth in a 3D Voronoi structure: a model for fatigue in low density trabecular bone. J Biomech Eng. October 2002;124(4):512-520.
2003	Moore TLA, Gibson LJ. Fatigue of bovine trabecular bone. J Biomech Eng. December 2003;125(6):761-768.
2004	Moore TLA, O’Brien FJ, Gibson LJ. Creep does not contribute to fatigue in bovine trabecular bone. J Biomech Eng. June 2004;126(3):321-329.
1982	Wicks M, Garrett R, Vernon-Roberts B, Fazzalari N. Absence of metabolic bone disease in the proximal femur in patients with fracture of the femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg. 1982;64B(3):319-322.
1994	Yoshikawa T, Mori S, Santiesteban AJ, Sun TC, Hafstad E, Chen J, Burr DB. The effects of muscle fatigue on bone strain. J Exp Biol. March 1994;188(1):217-233.
2001	Zioupos P. Accumulation of in-vivo fatigue microdamage and its relation to biomechanical properties in ageing human cortical bone. J Microsc (Oxford). February 2001;201(pt 2):270-278.
1987	Hedlund R, Lindgren U. Trauma type, age, and gender as determinants of hip fracture. J Orthop Res. 1987;5(2):242-246.
1987	Hansson TH, Keller TS, Spengler DM. Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar spine, II: fatigue strength during dynamic compressive loading. J Orthop Res. 1987;5(4):479-487.
1992	Blackburn J, Hodgskinson R, Currey JD, Mason JE. Mechanical properties of microcallus in human cancellous bone. J Orthop Res. March 1992;10(2):237-246.
2002	Hsieh Y-F, Silva MJ. In vivo fatigue loading of the rat ulna induces both bone formation and resorption and leads to time-related changes in bone mechanical properties and density. J Orthop Res. July 2002;20(4):764-771.
1993	Lauritzen JB, Petersen MM, Lund B. Effect of external hip protectors on hip fractures. Lancet. January 2, 1993;341(8836):11-13.
1981	Hansson T, Roos B. Microcalluses of the trabeculae in lumbar vertebrae and their relation to the bone mineral content. Spine. July–August 1981;6(4):375-380.
1998	Müller R, Gerber SC, Hayes WC. Micro-compression: a novel technique for the nondestructive assessment of local bone failure. Technol Health Care. December 1998;6(5-6):433-444.
2000	Akkus O. The Relation of Microdamage to Fracture and Material Property Degradation in Human Cortical Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; August 2000.
2006	Joo W. Cross-Modal Effects of Damage on Mechanical Behavior of Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; January 2006.
1993	Guo X-DE. Fatigue of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; 1993.
1997	Bowman SM. Creep of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; May 1997.
2018	Yan C. Effect of Fatigue Loading on Impact Response of Rat Ulna [Master's thesis]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2018.
2001	Arthur Moore TL. Microdamage Accumulation in Bovine Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; June 2001.
2003	Fox JC. Biomechanics of the Proximal Femur: Role of Bone Distribution and Architecture [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 2003.
2001	Shelton DR. Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in Equine Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2001.
1991	Choi K. The Micro Mechanical Properties of Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1991.
1997	Rapoff AJ. Tensile Fatigue of Intervertebral Disc Annulus and a Probabilistic Rule of Mixtures for Elastic Moduli [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; August 1997.
1998	Yeni YN. Fracture Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone: The Relationship of Geometry, Microstructure and Composition With the Fracture of the Tibia, Femoral Shaft and the Femoral Neck [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1998.

Year	Entry
1971	Griffiths WEG, Swanson SAV, Freeman MAR. Experimental fatigue fracture of the human cadaveric femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg. February 1971;53B(1):136-143.
1972	Todd RC, Freeman MAR, Pirie CJ. Isolated trabecular fatigue fractures in the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg. November 1972;54B(4):723-728.