An Analytical Investigation of Ligamentous Lumbar Spine Mechanics

Year	Entry
1970	Yamada H. Strength of Biological Materials. Evans FG, ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company; 1970.
1982	Sanjeevi R. A viscoelastic model for the mechanical properties of biological materials. J Biomech. 1982;15(2):107-109.
1980	Hickey DS, Hukins DWL. Relation between the structure of the annulus fibrosus and the function and failure of the intervertebral disc. Spine. March–April 1980;5(2):106-116.
1980	Adams MA, Stott JRR. The resistance to flexion of the lumbar intervertebral joint. Spine. May–June 1980;5(3):245-253.
1977	Kazarian L, Graves GA Jr. Compressive strength characteristics of the human vertebral centrum. Spine. March 1977;2(1):1-14.
1984	Brickley-Parsons D, Glimcher MJ. Is the chemistry of collagen in intervertebral discs an expression of Wolff's Law? a study of the human lumbar spine. Spine. March 1984;9(2):148-163.
1967	Galante JO. Tensile properties of the human lumbar annulus fibrosus. Acta Orthop Scand. 1967;(suppl 100):1-91.
1978	White AA III, Panjabi MM. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott Company; 1978.
1979	Hakim NS, King AI. A three dimensional finite element dynamic response analysis of a vertebra with experimental verification. J Biomech. 1979;12(4):277-292.
1984	Yang KH, King AI. Mechanism of facet load transmission as a hypothesis for low-back pain. Spine. September 1984;9(6):557-565.
1986	Panjabi MM, Andersson GB, Jorneus L, Hult E, Mattsson L. In vivo measurements of spinal column vibrations. J Bone Joint Surg. June 1986;68A(5):695-702.
1972	Markolf KL. Deformation of the thoracolumbar intervertebral joints in response to external loads: a biomechanical study using autopsy material. J Bone Joint Surg. April 1972;54A(3):511-533.
1981	Panjabi MM, Krag MH, Goel VK. A technique for measurement and description of three-dimensional six degree-of-freedom motion of a body joint with an application to the human spine. J Biomech. 1981;14(7):447-460.
1982	Panjabi MM, Goel VK, Takata K. Physiologic strains in the lumbar spinal ligaments: an in vitro biomechanical study. Spine. May 1982;7(3):192-203.
1986	Shirazi-Adl A, Ahmed AM, Shrivastava S. A finite element study of a lumbar motion segment subjected to pure sagittal plane moments. J Biomech. 1986;19(4):331-350.
1981	Adams MA, Hutton WC. The relevance of torsion to the mechanical derangement of the lumbar spine. Spine. May–June 1981;6(3):241-248.
1957	Brown T, Hansen RJ, Yorra AJ. Some mechanical tests on the lumbosacral spine with particular reference to the intervertebral discs: a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg. October 1957;39A(5):1135-1164.
1986	Shirazi-Adl A, Ahmed AM, Shrivastava SC. Mechanical response of a lumbar motion segment in axial torque alone and combined with compression. Spine. November 1986;11(9):914-927.
1979	Schultz AB, Warwick DN, Berkson MH, Nachemson AL. Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments, I: responses in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion. J Biomech Eng. February 1979;101(1):46-52.
1974	Belytschko T, Kulak RF, Schultz AB, Galante JO. Finite element stress analysis of an intervertebral disc. J Biomech. May 1974;7(3):277-285.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. The compressive behavior of bone as a two-phase porous structure. J Bone Joint Surg. 1977;59A(7):954-962.
1971	Kempson GE, Spivey CJ, Swanson SAV, Freeman MAR. Patterns of cartilage stiffness on normal and degenerate human femoral heads. J Biomech. December 1971;4(6):597-609.
1973	Evans FG. Mechanical Properties of Bone. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1973.
1978	Lin HS, Lui YK, Ray G, Nikravesh P. Systems identification for material properties of the intervertebral joint. J Biomech. 1978;11(1-2):1-14.
1966	Rolander SD. Motion of the lumbar spine with special reference to the stabilizing effect of posterior fusion: an experimental study on autopsy specimens. Acta Orthop Scand. 1966;37(suppl 90):1-144.
1976	Wu H-C, Yao R-F. Mechanical behavior of the human annulus fibrosus. J Biomech. 1976;9(1):1-7.
1978	Carter DR, Spengler DM. Mechanical properties and composition of cortical bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. September 1978;135:192-217.
1974	Reilly DT, Burstein AH, Frankel VH. The elastic modulus for bone. J Biomech. May 1974;7(3):271-275.
1975	Reilly DT, Burstein AH. The elastic and ultimate properties of compact bone tissue. J Biomech. 1975;8(6):393-405.
1981	Nachemson AL. Disc pressure measurements. Spine. January–February 1981;6(1):93-97.
1970	Farfan HF, Cossette JW, Robertson GH, Wells RV, Kraus H. The effects of torsion on the lumbar intervertebral joints: the role of torsion in the production of disc degeneration. J Bone Joint Surg. April 1970;52A(3):468-497.
1972	Haut RC, Little RW. A constitutive equation for collagen fibers. J Biomech. September 1972;5(5):423-430.
1979	Berkson MH, Nachemson A, Schultz AB. Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments, II: responses in compression and shear; influence of gross morphology. J Biomech Eng. February 1979;101(1):53-57.
1969	Frisén M, Mägi M, Sonnerup L, Viidik A. Rheological analysis of soft collagenous tissue, II: experimental evaluations and verifications. J Biomech. March 1969;2(1):21-28.
1981	Van Buskirk WC, Cowin SC, Ward RN. Ultrasonic measurement of orthotropic elastic constants of bovine femoral bone. J Biomech Eng. May 1981;103(2):67-72.
1986	Kurowski P, Kubo A. The relationship of degeneration of the intervertebral disc to mechanical loading conditions on lumbar vertebrae. Spine. 1986;11(7):726-731.
1982	Hutton WC, Adams MA. Can the lumbar spine be crushed in heavy lifting? Spine. November 1982;7(6):586-590.
1963	Nachemson A. The influence of spinal movements on the lumbar intradiscal pressure and on the tensile stresses in the annulus fibrosus. Acta Orthop Scand. 1963;33(1-4):183-207.
1978	Lin HS, Liu YK, Adams KH. Mechanical response of the lumbar intervertebral joint under physiological (complex) loading. J Bone Joint Surg. January 1978;60A(1):41-55.
1970	Galante J, Rostoker W, Ray RD. Physical properties of trabecular bone. Calcif Tiss Res. 1970;5(1):236-246.
1985	Chazal J, Tanguy A, Bourges M, Gaurel G, Escande G, Guillot M, Vanneuville G. Biomechanical properties of spinal ligaments and a histological study of the supraspinal ligament in traction. J Biomech. 1985;18(3):167-176.
1982	Williams JL, Lewis JL. Properties and an anisotropic model of cancellous bone from the proximal tibial epiphysis. J Biomech Eng. February 1982;104(1):50-56.
1966	Nachemson A. The load on lumbar disks in different positions of the body. Clin Orthop Relat Res. March–March 1966;45:107-122.
1984	Shirazi-Adl SA, Shrivastava SC, Ahmed A. Stress analysis of the lumbar disc-body unit in compression: a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element study. Spine. March 1984;9(2):120-134.
1968	Nachemson AL, Evans JH. Some mechanical properties of the third human lumbar interlaminar ligament (ligamentum flavum). J Biomech. August 1968;1(3):211-220.
1976	Kulak RF, Belytschko TB, Schultz AB, Galante JO. Nonlinear behavior of the human intervertebral disc under axial load. J Biomech. 1976;9(6):377-386.
1982	Reuber M, Schultz A, Denis F, Spencer D. Bulging of lumbar intervertebral disks. J Biomech Eng. August 1982;104(3):187-192.
1982	Tencer AF, Ahmed AM, Burke DL. Some static mechanical properties of the lumbar intervertebral joint, intact and injured. J Biomech Eng. August 1982;104(3):193-201.
1979	Nachemson AL, Schultz AB, Berkson MH. Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments: influences of age, sex, disc level, and degeneration. Spine. January–February 1979;4(1):1-8.
1987	Ueno K, Liu YK. A three-dimenstional nonlinear finite element model of lumbar intervertebral joint in torsion. J Biomech Eng. August 1987;109(3):200-209.
1986	Spilker RL, Jakobs DM, Schultz AB. Material constants for a finite element model of the intervertebral disk with a fiber composite annulus. J Biomech Eng. February 1986;108(1):1-11.
1980	Spilker RL. Mechanical behavior of a simple model of an intervertebral disk under compressive loading. J Biomech. 1980;13(10):895-901.
1982	Wilder DG, Woodworth BB, Frymoyer JW, Pope MH. Vibration and the human spine. Spine. 1982;7(3):243-254.
1982	Sanjeevi R, Somanathan N, Ramaswamy D. A viscoelastic model for collagen fibres. J Biomech. 1982;15(3):181-183.
1982	Adams MA, Hutton WC. Prolapsed intervertebral disc: a hyperflexion injury. Spine. May 1982;7(3):184-191.
1980	Adams MA, Hutton WC. The effect of posture on the role of the apophysial joints in resisting intervertebral compressive forces. J Bone Joint Surg. August 1980;62B(3):358-362.
1983	Denis F. The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine. November–December 1983;8(8):817-831.
1983	Brinckmann P, Frobin W, Hierholzer E, Horst M. Deformation of the vertebral end-plate under axial loading of the spine. Spine. November–December 1983;8(8):851-856.
1976	Burstein AH, Reilly DT, Martens M. Aging of bone tissue: mechanical properties. J Bone Joint Surg. 1976;58A(1):82-86.
1984	Dunlop RB, Adams MA, Hutton WC. Disc space narrowing and the lumbar facet joints. J Bone Joint Surg. 1984;66B(5):706-710.
1967	Fung YCB. Elasticity of soft tissues in simple elongation. Am J Physiol. December 1967;213(6):1532-1544.
1964	Nachemson A, Morris JM. In vivo measurements of intradiscal pressure: discometry, a method for the determination of pressure in the lower lumbar discs. J Bone Joint Surg. July 1964;46A(5):1077-1092.