The basic science of articular cartilage:​ structure, composition, and function

Fox, Alice J. Sophia; Bedi, Asheesh; Rodeo, Scott A.

Year	Entry
2022	Finnilä MAJ, Gupta SD, Turunen MJ, Hellberg I, Turkiewicz A, Lutz-Bueno V, Jonsson E, Holler M, Ali N, Hughes V, Isaksson H, Tjörnstrand J, Önnerfjord P, Guizar-Sicairos M, Saarakkala S, Englund M. Mineral crystal thickness in calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in healthy and osteoarthritic human knees. J Bone Miner Res. September 2022;37(9):1700-1710.
2022	Liu H, Witzigreuter L, Sathiaseelan R, Agbaga M-P, Brush RS, Stout MB, Zhu S. Obesity promotes lipid accumulation in mouse cartilage: a potential role of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) mediated chondrocyte de novo lipogenesis. J Orthop Res. December 2022;40(12):2771-2779.
2020	Aggleton J. First-Hand Experience: A Methodology for Exploring Bone Architecture [PhD thesis]. Bristol, UK: University of Bristol; January 2020.
2015	Freedman JD. Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic Contrast Agents & Imaging of Articular Cartilage Using X-Ray Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance [PhD thesis]. Boston University; 2015.
2018	Wallace C. Effects of Glucocorticoids on Chondrocytes and Cartilage [Master's thesis]. Boston University; 2018.
2018	Wang Y. Transport of GAG Digesting Enzymes in Engineered Cartilage Tissues [Master's thesis]. Boston University; 2018.
2018	Wang T. Optimization of Delivery of TGF-Beta for Improving Quality of Engineered Articular Cartilage [Master's thesis]. Boston University; 2018.
2021	Lawson TB. Nanoparticle Sensors and Lubricants for Degenerative Articular Cartilage [PhD thesis]. Boston University; 2021.
2021	Lyu Y. Optimization of Culture Media Replenishment Regimens for Cartilage Tissue Engineering [Master's thesis]. Boston University; 2021.
2018	Butcher AL. Deformation and Fracture of Soft Materials for Cartilage Tissue Engineering [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge; May 2018.
2019	Shegaf A. Cartilage Biomechanical and Mechanobiological Response to Sliding Contact [PhD thesis]. Carleton University; August 2019.
2022	de Angelis N. Finite Element Analysis of Full Range of Motion Walking and Sitting Down in Patient-Specific Models With Cam Deformities [Master's thesis]. Carleton University; 2022.
2019	Cash HL. The Mechanical and Functional Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Articular Cartilage [PhD thesis]. Clemson, SC: Clemson University; May 2019.
2020	Wilson RL. Next Generation Biometrics for the Modeling and Detection of Early Soft Tissue Degeneration in Vivo [PhD thesis]. University of Colorado; 2020.
2020	Barthold JE. Development of Extracellular Matrix Based Biomaterials for Articular Cartilage Repair [PhD thesis]. University of Colorado; 2020.
2022	McCreery KP. Multiscale Biophysical Signaling Regulates Tissue Morphogenesis and Degeneration [PhD thesis]. University of Colorado; 2022.
2018	Fischenich KM. Development of a Novel Block Copolymer Hydrogel for Meniscal Replacement [PhD thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018.
2014	Sampat SR. Optimization of Culture Conditions for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Using Synovium-Derived Stem Cells [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2014.
2017	Roach BL. Modulation of the in Vitro Mechanical and Chemical Environment for the Optimization of Tissue-Engineered Articular Cartilage [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2017.
2020	Mosher CZ. Interface Scaffold Design Principles for Integrative Cartilage Regeneration [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2020.
2021	Hu YJ. Microstructure and Biomechanics of the Subchondral Bone in the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2021.
2022	Wang C. Assessment of Crosslink Density in Collagen Models and Ultrafast Laser Crosslinking of Corneal and Cartilage Tissues as Novel Treatment Modalities [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2022.
2017	Adebayo OO. Biomechanics of Cartilage-Bone Crosstalk in Load-Induced Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; August 2017.
2018	DiDomenico CD. Evaluating Macromolecular Transport in Articular Cartilage to Better Understand and Predict Transport of Arthritis Therapeutics [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; August 2018.
2018	Guss JD. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Bone and Joint [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; December 2018.
2019	Diamantides NC. Development of Collagen Bioinks for Cartilage Bioprinting [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; December 2019.
2020	Irwin RM. Imaging the Microscale Mechanical Response of Articular Cartilage in Early Stage Osteoarthritis Treatments [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; August 2020.
2020	Ziemian SN. The Roles of Subchondral Bone Mass, Stiffness, and Remodeling in Load-Induced Osteoarthritis Development [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; August 2020.
2022	Wheeler TA. T Cell Immunomodulation in the Lymph Node for Inhibition of Load-Induced Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; May 2022.
2018	Costello KE. Overall Knee Joint Loading Exposure and Clinical Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University; August 2018.
2019	Chery DR. Biomechanics of the Pericellular Matrix: Roles in Cartilage Development and Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Drexel University; January 2019.
2019	Phillips ER. Cartilage Molecular Engineering Using Biomimetic Proteoglycans [PhD thesis]. Drexel University; March 2019.
2020	Han B. Decorin Regulates the Structure and Biomechanical Functions of Articular Cartilage Extracellular Matrix in Health and Disease [PhD thesis]. Drexel University; October 2020.
2021	Petrovic MI. Extracellular Matrix Engineering of Porcine Bioprosthetic Heart Valves [Master's thesis]. Drexel University; May 2021.
2017	Chou C-H. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Stimulated Gene 6 Protein (TSG-6) in Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2017.
2018	Huynh NPT. Bioinformatics and Molecular Approaches for the Development of Biological Artificial Cartilage [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2018.
2019	Cutcliffe HC. In Vivo Mechanical Metrics for the Quantitative Assessment of Cartilage Health [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2019.
2016	Harasymowicz N. The Role of Severe Obesity in Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Edinburgh, Scotland: University of Edinburgh; June 2016.
2017	Öztürk E. Biomimicking Cartilage: Engineering the Matrix, Molecular Pathways and Oxygen Sensing of Chondrocytes [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2017.
2018	Cavalli E. Cell‐based Injectable Therapies for Cartilage Repair [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2018.
2018	Formica FA. From Electrospinning to Protein Engineering: Novel Approaches for Cartilage Repair [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2018.
2018	Kesti MJJ. Bioprinting Technologies for Auricular Cartilage Tissue Engineering [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2018.
2020	Levinson CSJ. From Bedside to Bench and Back: Translatable Approaches for Cartilage Repair [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2020.
2017	Burnsed OA. Engineering an Improved Cartilage Repair Strategy Combining Cells and ECM-Derived Materials [PhD thesis]. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology; December 2017.
2016	Grigoriadis G. Heel Biomechanics Under Blast Conditions [PhD thesis]. Imperial College London; June 2016.
2023	Desai S. The Role of Mechanical Loading, Sex and TRAP/ACP5 on Bone Properties [PhD thesis]. Karolinska Institutet; 2023.
2023	Camacho Sierra P. Multi-Peptide Presentation and Organization in 3D-Printed Scaffolds Drives Osteochondral Tissue Formation [PhD thesis]. Lehigh University; January 2023.
2013	Moeini M. Solute Transport in Articular Cartilage: Toward Applications of Diffusion, Partitioning and Adsorption for Tissue Functional Assessment [PhD thesis]. McGill University; August 2013.
2016	Young WT. Cartilage Stress Relaxation Induced by Intra-Tissue Transport of Cationic Nanoparticles: Implications for Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Drug Delivery [Master's thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; June 2016.
2019	Geiger BC. Designing Nanocarriers to Penetrate Cartilage and Improve Delivery of Biologic Drugs for Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; February 2019.
2015	Zignego DL. In Vitro and in Vivo Systems Mechanobiology of Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes [PhD thesis]. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University; July 2015.
2017	Mailhiot SE. Diffusion and Diffusive Exchange Are Sensitive to the Structure of Cartilage as Measured by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [PhD thesis]. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University; July 2017.
2018	Carlson AK. Characterization of Metabolic Changes in Osteoarthritis Using Global Metabolomic Profiling [PhD thesis]. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University; July 2018.
2016	Gottipati A. Engineered Cartilage on Chitosan Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Osteochondral Defects [PhD thesis]. Mississippi State University; May 2016.
2018	Mehta S. Development of in Vitro Joint Tissue Co-Culture Models for Evaluating Transport and Biological Crosstalk [Master's thesis]. Northeastern University; May 2018.
2018	Su A. Mapping Cartilage Properties Using Indentation Testing [Master's thesis]. Northeastern University; December 2018.
2020	Horenstein RE. Mechanisms of Cam Morphology of the Proximal Femur [PhD thesis]. Northeastern University; May 2020.
2021	Mehta S. Development of Age and Injury Induced Osteoarthritis Models for Evaluation of Therapeutics and Their Delivery Systems [PhD thesis]. Northeastern University; August 2021.
2021	Valluru PKR. Mapping Spatial and Temporal Variation in Cartilage Mechanical Properties Using Biphasic Poro-Visco-Elastic Material Model [Master's thesis]. Northeastern University; December 2021.
2022	Gupta SD. Mineralized Tissues At the Osteochondral Junction in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Joints: Advanced Microimaging and Mechanical Studies [PhD thesis]. University of Oulu; 2022.
2022	Khakpour S. Multi-Component Finite Element Analysis of Low- Energy Acetabular Fracture: Computational Study of Pelvic Girdle Fracture Mechanism [PhD thesis]. University of Oulu; 2022.
2014	Marsh CA. The Development and Application of an Arthrokinematic Biomarker for the Early Detection of Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2014.
2024	Davis SL. Using High Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation to Assess Full-Field 3d Strain Distribution Patterns in Osteoarthritic Cartilage [PhD thesis]. Portsmouth, England: University of Portsmouth; 2024.
2023	Zigan CM. Agarose-Collagen Hydrogel Compositions Impact Matrix Mechanics and Extracellular Deposition [Master's thesis]. Purdue University; August 2023.
2012	Kaupp JA. Simulated Joint Loading Enhances the Expression of of Superficial Zone Markers in Tissue Engineered Cartilage Constructs [PhD thesis]. Queen's University; February 2012.
2018	Neville SR. Methods for Improving Ability to Investigate the Effectiveness of Non-Invasive Treatment Strategies for Medial Knee OA [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; September 2018.
2017	Meinert AC. Hydrogels and Bioreactors for Cartilage Research and Functional Tissue Engineering [PhD thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2017.
2018	Arabshahi Z. New Mechanical Indentation Framework for Functional Assessment of Articular Cartilage [PhD thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2018.
2019	Al-Maruf DSA. Effects of Anti-Angiogenic Factors in Two Different Models of Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2019.
2020	Music E. Optimisation of Methods for Driving Chondrogenesis of Human and Ovine Bone Marrow–derived Stromal Cells [PhD thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2020.
2021	Pahoff S. Fibre-Reinforced Hydrogels for Functional Cartilage Tissue Engineering [PhD thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2021.
2018	Subedar OD. The Effects of Cell Cycle Synchronization on the Growth Potential of Primary Articular Chondrocytes [Master's thesis]. Toronto, ON: Ryerson University; 2018.
2019	Krebs J. Increasing Collagen Accumulation in 2-D Osteogenic Cell Cultures Through Macromolecular Crowding and Cellular Confinement [Master's thesis]. St. Louis, MO: Saint Louis University; 2019.
2017	Monu UD. Visualization and Evaluation Tools of Quantitative MRI in an ACL-Injured Population [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; August 2017.
2018	Arvayo AL. Rapid and Durable Integration of Articular Cartilage Via Photochemical Bonding: Benchtop Optimization, in-Vitro Analysis & Preclinical Model [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 2018.
2018	Baylon EG. Isn’t it Swell? The Effect of Osmotic Swelling on Articular Cartilage and Meniscal Fibrocartilage Mechanics and Diagnostic Approaches [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; March 2018.
2019	Black MS. Quantitative Imaging of Cartilage and Meniscus for Detection of Early Osteoarthritic Degeneration [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; November 2019.
2021	Hall ME. Contrast Agent Diffusion as a CTa Biomarker for Articular Cartilage Health [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; August 2021.
2021	Mousavi A. Development of a Mechanically Versatile Bioreactor System for Cellular Microgravity and Articular Joint Modeling [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; March 2021.
2021	Thomas KA. Deep Learning Tools to Accelerate Knee Osteoarthritis Research [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; August 2021.
2022	Crowder HA. Exploring Structure-Function Relationships in Knee Cartilage and Meniscus Using Medical Imaging and Soft Tissue Biomechanics Techniques [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; March 2022.
2017	Pamon TJ. The Development and Retention of Articular Cartilage, Disrupted by Metabolic Stressors, is Protected by Low Intensity Vibration [PhD thesis]. Stony Brook, NY: Stony Brook University; May 2017.
2017	Irvine AD. Modulating Mechanical Cues and Oxygen Availability to Regulate Chondrogenesis Within MSC Laden Hydrogels [PhD thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; June 2017.
2013	d’Entremont AG. Knee Joint Kinematics and Cartilage Health Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Applications to High Tibial Osteotomy [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; August 2013.
2014	Abughazaleh NA. The Influence of Maximal and Submaximal Cyclic Concentric and Eccentric Exercise on Chondrocyte Death and Synovial Fluid Proteins in the Rabbit Knee [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 2014.
2015	Abubacker S. Molecular Basis of Articular Cartilage Boundary Lubrication: Role of PRG4 Structure & Multimerisation [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; June 2015.
2017	Bhatla JL. Differences in Bone and Cartilage Between Women With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears and Healthy Controls [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; July 2017.
2018	Michalak GJ. Concurrent Assessment of Knee Cartilage Morphology and Bone Microarchitecture Using Contrast-Enhanced HR-PQCT Imaging [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; May 2018.
2019	Kroker AM. The Progression of Bone Microarchitecture Changes Following an Acute Knee Injury in Young Adults [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; March 2019.
2019	Shtil M. Longitudinal Assessment of Mechanical Strength of Trabecular Bone Underlying Bone Marrow Lesions Following Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; June 2019.
2020	Francis D. The Natural History of Bone Marrow Lesions and Cysts in the Dunkin-Hartley Guinea Pig Knee Osteoarthritis Model [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; October 2020.
2020	Matheson AR. Proteoglycan-4 in Equine Joint Disease, Exercise, and in Vitro Cartilage Repair [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; May 2020.
2014	Rode NA. Design of Electrospun Hydrogel Fibers Containing Multivalent Peptide Conjugates for Cardiac Tissue Engineering [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 2014.
2020	Salinas EY. Using Mechanical Stimulation to Improve Tissue-Engineered Articular Cartilage for Implantation in the Knee Joint [PhD thesis]. Irvine, CA: Irvine, University of California; 2020.
2019	Mendez MEA. The Role of Inflammation and Antibiotics in the Development of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice [PhD thesis]. Merced, University of California; 2019.
2020	Caffrey JP. Experimental Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal Injury Models and Repair Implants [PhD thesis]. San Diego (UCSD), University of California; 2020.
2018	Zhou Y. Intracellular Calcium Signaling of Chondrocytes and the Treatment of Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. University of Delaware; 2018.
2019	David MA. Local, Intra-Articular Delivery of Zoledronic Acid as a Disease-Modifying Therapeutic for Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. University of Delaware; 2019.
2021	Ganji E. Growth and Mechanobiology of the Achilles Enthesis in Mice [PhD thesis]. University of Delaware; 2021.
2021	McDonough RC. Controlled Calcium Activation Via Chemogenetic Signaling Platforms for Tissue Engineering of Articular Cartilage [PhD thesis]. University of Delaware; 2021.
2021	Huang L. Bone, Cartilage and Their Interface: Osteochondral Changes During Very Early Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. University of Eastern Finland; 2021.
2022	Ojanen S. Multiscale Imaging and Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage in an Animal Model of Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. University of Eastern Finland; 2022.
2016	Kloefkorn HE. Examining the Nexus Amongst Joint Degeneration, Disability, and Chronic Pain Using a Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Knee Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. University of Florida; August 2016.
2017	Jacobs BY. Pathologic Gait in Osteoarthritis Models: Characterization and Treatment [PhD thesis]. University of Florida; December 2017.
2022	Philibert WJ. Variations in Contact Stresses on the Distal Tibial Articular Surfaces Following Intra-Articular Fracture Reduction [Master's thesis]. University of Iowa; May 2022.
2017	Sharma P. The Influence of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Response to Physical Stimuli [PhD thesis]. University of Maryland; 2017.
2020	Black A. Integrin Alpha 1 Beta 1 Has Limited Influence on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling But Sex-Dependent Effects on Estrogen Receptor Beta in Murine Knee Chondrocytes [Master's thesis]. University of Guelph; September 2020.
2022	St. Amant J. Interplay Between Integrin Alpha 1 Beta 1 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor II in the Development of Spontaneous Osteoarthritis in the Mouse Knee [Master's thesis]. University of Guelph; September 2022.
2022	Stam L. Chondrocyte Primary Cilia Lengthening and Shortening in Response to Osteoarthritic Sequelae: A Role for Integrin Alpha 1 Beta 1 and Focal Adhesions [Master's thesis]. University of Guelph; September 2022.
2012	Miller KS. Collagen Fiber Re-Alignment and Uncrimping in Response to Loading: Determining Structure-Function Relationships Using a Developmental Tendon Mouse Model [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2012.
2017	Kim M. Multi-Cellular and Multi-Scale Approaches for Cartilage Repair [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2017.
2017	McLeod CM. Single Cell Molecular Heterogeneity in Musculoskeletal Differentiation [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2017.
2018	Hosseini Kalajahi SM. Addressing Partial Volume Artifacts With Quantitative Computed Tomography-Based Finite Element Modeling of the Human Proximal Tibia [Master's thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; April 2018.
2014	Abraham CL. Biomechanical Analysis of Acetabular Dysplasia: Foundations for Improved Clinical Care [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; December 2014.
2018	Atkins PR. Characterization of Cam Femoroacetabular Impingement Using Subject-Specific Biomechanics and Population-Based Morphological Measurements [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; August 2018.
2020	Valdez EE. Knee Articular Cartilage Material Properties Estimation Through FEA [Master's thesis]. University of Vermont; August 2020.
2020	Rao HR. Computational Modelling of Knee Tissue Mechanics During Single-Leg Jump Landing [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2020.
2017	Meng Y. Development and Validation of a Child Finite Element Model for Use in Pedestrian Accident Simulations [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 28, 2017.
2019	Knowles NK. Improving Material Mapping in Glenohumeral Finite Element Models: A Multi-Level Evaluation [PhD thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2019.
2019	Han G. Energy Dissipation and Failure in Articular Cartilage [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2019.
2020	Walsh SK. Effects of Age and Mechanical Loading on Articular Cartilage Metabolism and Corresponding Consequences for Tissue Health [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2020.
2020	Ross A. Tissue Engineering of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Development of Novel Treatment Strategies for Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis; May 2020.
2021	Berke IM. Evaluating the Structural and Functional Consequences of Traumatic Joint Injury and Their Relation to NF-ΚB in a Non-Invasive Model of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis; January 2021.
2021	Dicks A. Human IPSC Tissue-Engineered Cartilage for Disease Modeling of Skeletal Dysplasia-Causing TRPV4 Mutations [PhD thesis]. St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis; August 2021.
2021	Katz D. Understanding and Improving Adult Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering [PhD thesis]. St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis; August 2021.
2021	Pferdehirt L. Synthetic Gene Circuits for Self-Regulating and Temporal Delivery of Anti-Inflammatory Biologic Drugs in Engineered Tissues [PhD thesis]. St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis; May 2021.

Year	Entry
1997	Ateshian GA, Warden W, Kim JJ, Grelsamer RP, Mow VC. Finite deformation biphasic material properties of bovine articular cartilage from confined compression experiments. J Biomech. November–December 1997;30:1157.
2000	Guilak F, Mow VC. The mechanical environment of the chondrocyte: a biphasic finite element model of cell–matrix interactions in articular cartilage. J Biomech. December 2000;33(12):1663-1673.
1979	Maroudas A. Physicochemical properties of articular cartilage. In: Freeman MAR, ed. Adult Articular Cartilage. 2nd ed. Kent, England: Pitman Medical; 1979:215-290.
2002	Mow VC, Guo XE. Mechano-electrochemical properties of articular cartilage: their inhomogeneities and anisotropies. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2002;4:175-209.
1992	Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Robin Poole A. Cartilage and diarthrodial joints as paradigms for hierarchical materials and structures. Biomaterials. 1992;13(22):67-97.
2003	Masuda K, Sah RL, Hejna MJ, Thonar EJ-MA. A novel two-step method for the formation of tissue-engineered cartilage by mature bovine chondrocytes: the alginate-recovered-chondrocyte (ARC) method. J Orthop Res. January 2003;21(1):139-148.
1971	Hayes WC, Mockros LF. Viscoelastic properties of human articular cartilage. J Appl Physiol. October 1971;31(4):562-568.
1987	Woo SL-Y, Lee TQ, Gomez MA, Sato S, Field FP. Temperature dependent behavior of the canine medial collateral ligament. J Biomech Eng. February 1987;109(1):68-71.
1968	Maroudas A, Bullough P. Permeability of articular cartilage. Nature. September 21, 1968;219(5160):1260-1261.
1991	Lai WM, Hou JS, Mow VC. A triphasic theory for the swelling and deformation behaviors of articular cartilage. J Biomech Eng. August 1991;113(3):245-258.
1979	Kempson GE. Mechanical properties of articular cartilage. In: Freeman MAR, ed. Adult Articular Cartilage. 2nd ed. Kent, England: Pitman Medical; 1979:333-414.
1987	Frank EH, Grodzinsky AJ. Cartilage electromechanics, I: electrokinetic transduction and the effects of electrolyte pH and ionic strength. J Biomech. 1987;20(6):615-627.
1984	Simon BR, Coats RS, Woo SL-Y. Relaxation and creep quasilinear viscoelastic models for normal articular cartilage. J Biomech Eng. May 1984;106(2):159-164.
1984	Myers ER, Lai WM, Mow VC. A continuum theory and an experiment for the ion-induced swelling behavior of articular cartilage. J Biomech Eng. May 1984;106(2):151-158.
1980	Mow VC, Kuei SC, Lai WM, Armstrong CG. Biphasic creep and stress relaxation of articular cartilage in compression: theory and experiments. J Biomech Eng. February 1980;102(1):73-84.
1982	Mankin HJ. The response of articular cartilage to mechanical injury. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1982;64A(3):460-466.
1984	Mow VC, Holmes MH, Lai WM. Fluid transport and mechanical properties of articular cartilage: a review. J Biomech. 1984;17(5):377-394.
1999	Torzilli PA, Grigiene R, Borrelli J Jr, Helfet DL. Effect of impact load on articular cartilage: cell metabolism and viability, and matrix water content. J Biomech Eng. October 1999;121(5):433-441.
1980	Roth V, Mow VC. The intrinsic tensile behavior of the matrix of bovine articular cartilage and its variation with age. J Bone Joint Surg. October 1980;62A(7):1102-1117.
1978	Hayes WC, Bodine AJ. Flow-independent viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage matrix. J Biomech. 1978;11(8-9):407-419.
1965	Linn FC, Sokoloff L. Movement and composition of interstitial fluid of cartilage. Arthritis Rheum. August 1965;8(4):481-494.
1989	Nordin M, Frankel VH, eds. Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1989.
1986	Akizuki S, Mow VC, Müller F, Pita JC, Howell DS, Manicourt DH. Tensile properties of human knee joint cartilage, I: influence of ionic conditions, weight bearing, and fibrillation on the tensile modulus. J Orthop Res. 1986;4(4):379-392.
1987	Poole CA, Flint MH, Beaumont BW. Chondrons in cartilage: ultrastructural analysis of the pericellular microenvironment in adult human articular cartilages. J Orthop Res. 1987;5(4):509-522.
1997	Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ. Articular cartilage, I: tissue design and chondrocyte-matrix interactions. J Bone Joint Surg. April 1997;79A(4):600-611.