Biofidelity evaluation of anthropomorphic test devices (BioRIDII, RID3D, HybridIII) in low and moderate speed rear impacts

Kang, Y.; Moorhouse, K.; Herriott, R.; Bolte, IV, J. H.

The goal of this study is to evaluate the biofidelity of rear impact anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), two rear impact ATDs (BioRIDII and RID3D) and a HybridIII 50th percentile male ATD, by comparing their responses with post mortem human subjects (PMHS) in realistic rear impact test conditions. Three repeat sled tests for each ATD and seven PMHS tests were conducted under identical low speed (ΔV = 17 km/h) and moderate speed (ΔV = 24 km/h) rear impact test conditions. An experimental seat system that is capable of simulating the dynamic characteristics of current seat backs was developed to simulate a realistic test environment for rear impact loading. The experimental seat contains a total of fourteen load cells (four on the seat pan, six on the seat back, and four on the head restraint) installed such that external loads from the ATDs can be measured to evaluate the external biofidelity (EB) of the dummies. Instrumentation for the PMHS was installed at locations based on the standard sensors for the ATDs (i.e., head, T1, T8, T12/L1, pelvis) so that a direct comparison between PMHS and ATDs could be made to evaluate internal biofidelity (IB). Biomechanical targets (i.e., corridors) for external and internal biofidelity were created based on the seven PMHS responses to both low and moderate speed rear impacts. In order to compare the ATDs quantitatively, the NHTSA Biofidelity Ranking System was utilized to assess the internal and external biofidelity of each ATD. For external biofidelity, the BioRIDII was most biofidelic in the low speed, while both the BioRIDII and the RID3D were more biofidelic than the Hybrid III in the moderate speed impacts. For internal biofidelity, the BioRIDII was again most biofidelic at the low speed, while all three ATDs obtained similar biofidelity scores in the moderate speed impacts. Overall, the BioRID II was the most biofidelic at the low speed and was more biofidelic than the Hybrid III but similar to the RID3D at the moderate speed. Numerical techniques to remove PMHS phase differences before creating the biomechanical targets will be utilized to finalize the NHTSA Biofidelity Ranking Score for this biofidelity evaluation of the rear impact ATDs in the future.

Year

Entry

2000

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2000

Yoganandan N, Pintar F, Stemper BD, Schlick MB, Philippens M, Wisman J. Biomechanics of human occupants in simulated rear crashes: documentation of neck injuries and comparison of injury criteria. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:189-204. SAE 2000-01-SC14.

2005

Kim A, Sutterfield A, Rao A, Anderson KF, Berliner J, Hassan J, Irwin A, Jensen J, Kleinert J, Mertz HJ, Pietsch H, Rouhana S, Scherer R. A comparison of the BioRID II, Hybrid III, and RID2 in low-severity rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.

1998

van den Kroonenberg A, Philippens M, Cappon H, Wismans J, Hell W, Langwieder K. Human head-neck response during low-speed rear end impacts. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:207-221. SAE 983158.

2001

Siegmund GP, Heinrichs BE, Lawrence JM, Philippens MMGM. Kinetic and kinematic responses of the RID2a, Hybrid III and human volunteers in low-speed rear-end collisions. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:239-256. SAE 2001-22-0011.