Mechanical properties of vertebrate hard tissues

Currey, J. D.<sup>1</sup>

Affiliations

¹Department of Biology, University of York

Abstract and keywords

The main mechanical properties of bone and dentine are reviewed.

Keywords: Bone; dentine; mechanical properties

Links

DOI: 10.1243/0954411981534178

PubMed: 9852736

WoS: 000077088500002

History

Received: 1997-11-25

Accepted: 1998-08-26

Cited Works (61)

Year	Entry
1993	Dalstra M, Huiskes R, Odgaard A, van Erning L. Mechanical and textural properties of pelvic trabecular bone. J Biomech. April–May 1993;26(4-5):523-535.
1990	Choi K, Kuhn JL, Ciarelli MJ, Goldstein SA. The elastic moduli of human subchondral, trabecular, and cortical bone tissue and the size-dependency of cortical bone modulus. J Biomech. 1990;23(11):1103-1113.
1985	Gibson LJ. The mechanical behaviour of cancellous bone. J Biomech. 1985;18(5):317-328.
1975	Runkle JC, Pugh J. The micro-mechanics of cancellous bone, II: determination of the elastic modulus of individual trabeculae by a buckling analysis. Bull Hosp Joint Dis. April 1975;36(1):2-10.
1990	Hodgskinson R, Currey JD. Effects of structural variation on Young's modulus of non-human cancellous bone. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H-J Eng Med. 1990;204(1):43-52.
1993	Riggs CM, Vaughan LC, Evans GP, Lanyon LE, Boyde A. Mechanical implications of collagen fibre orientation in cortical bone of the equine radius. Anat Embryol. March 1993;187(3):239-248.
1984	Ashman RB, Cowin SC, Van Buskirk WC, Rice JC. A continuous wave technique for the measurement of the elastic properties of cortical bone. J Biomech. 1984;17(5):349-361.
1989	Hodgskinson R, Currey JD, Evans GP. Hardness, an indicator of the mechanical competence of cancellous bone. J Orthop Res. September 1989;7(5):754-758.
1959	Currey JD. Differences in the tensile strength of bone of different histological types. J Anat. January 1959;93(1):87-95.
1992	Choi K, Goldstein SA. A comparison of the fatigue behavior of human trabecular and cortical bone tissue. J Biomech. 1992;25(12):1371-1381.
1978	Bonfield W, Grynpas MD, Young RJ. Crack velocity and the fracture of bone. J Biomech. 1978;11(10-12):473-479.
1985	Cezayirlioglu H, Bahniuk E, Davy DT, Heiple KG. Anisotropic yield behavior of bone under combined axial force and torque. J Biomech. 1985;18(1):61-69.
1976	Wright TM, Hayes WC. Tensile testing of bone over a wide range of strain rates: effects of strain rate, microstructure and density. Med Biol Eng. November 1976;14(6):671-680.
1977	Wright TM, Hayes WC. Fracture mechanics parameters for compact bone: effects of density and specimen thickness. J Biomech. 1977;10(7):419-430.
1996	Zysset PK, Curnier A. A 3D damage model for trabecular bone based on fabric tensors. J Biomech. December 1996;29(12):1549-1558.
1988	Ashman RB, Rho JY. Elastic modulus of trabecular bone material. J Biomech. 1988;21(3):177-181.
1975	Townsend PR, Rose RM, Radin EL. Buckling studies of single human trabeculae. J Biomech. July 1975;8(3-4):199-200.
1978	Robertson DM, Robertson D, Barrett CR. Fracture toughness, critical crack length and plastic zone size in bone. J Biomech. 1978;11(8-9):359-364.
1980	Carter DR, Schwab GH, Spengler DM. Tensile fracture of cancellous bone. Acta Orthop Scand. 1980;51(5):733-741.
1989	Kuhn JL, Goldstein SA, Choi K, London M, Feldkamp LA, Matthews LS. Comparison of the trabecular and cortical tissue moduli from human iliac crests. J Orthop Res. November 1989;7(6):876-884.
1992	Hodgskinson R, Currey JD. Young's modulus, density and material properties in cancellous bone over a large density range. J Mater Sci Mater Med. September 1992;3(5):377-381.
1989	Caler WE, Carter DR. Bone creep-fatigue damage accumulation. J Biomech. 1989;22(6-7):625-635.
1980	McPherson GK, Kriewall TJ. The elastic modulus of fetal cranial bone: a first step towards an understanding of the biomechanics of fetal head molding. J Biomech. 1980;13(1):9-16.
1992	Linde F, Hvid I, Madsen F. The effect of specimen geometry on the mechanical behaviour of trabecular bone specimens. J Biomech. 1992;25(4):359-368.
1976	Carter DR, Hayes WC. Bone compressive strength: the influence of density and strain rate. Science. September 10, 1976;194(4270):1174-1176.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. The compressive behavior of bone as a two-phase porous structure. J Bone Joint Surg. 1977;59A(7):954-962.
1996	Zioupos P, Wang XT, Currey JD. Experimental and theoretical quantification of the development of damage in fatigue tests of bone and antler. J Biomech. August 1996;29(8):989-1002.
1976	Bonfield W, Datta PK. Fracture toughness of compact bone. J Biomech. 1976;9(3):131-134.
1974	Reilly DT, Burstein AH. The mechanical properties of cortical bone. J Bone Joint Surg. 1974;56A(5):1001-1022.
1975	Currey JD, Butler G. The mechanical properties of bone tissue in children. J Bone Joint Surg. September 1975;57A(6):810-814.
1994	Keaveny TM, Wachtel EF, Ford CM, Hayes WC. Differences between the tensile and compressive strengths of bovine tibial trabecular bone depend on modulus. J Biomech. 1994;27(9):1137-1146.
1989	Odgaard A, Hvid I, Linde F. Compressive axial strain distributions in cancellous bone specimens. J Biomech. 1989;22(8-9):829-835.
1988	Rice JC, Cowin SC, Bowman JA. On the dependence of the elasticity and strength of cancellous bone on apparent density. J Biomech. 1988;21(2):155-168.
1993	Boyce TM, Bloebaum RD. Cortical aging differences and fracture implications for the human femoral neck. Bone. September–October 1993;14(5):769-778.
1974	Reilly DT, Burstein AH, Frankel VH. The elastic modulus for bone. J Biomech. May 1974;7(3):271-275.
1975	Reilly DT, Burstein AH. The elastic and ultimate properties of compact bone tissue. J Biomech. 1975;8(6):393-405.
1984	Behiri JC, Bonfield W. Fracture mechanics of bone: the effects of density, specimen thickness and crack velocity on longitudinal fracture. J Biomech. 1984;17(1):25-34.
1993	Keaveny TM, Borchers RE, Gibson LJ, Hayes WC. Theoretical analysis of the experimental artifact in trabecular bone compressive modulus [published correction appears in J Biomech. 1993;26(9):1143]. J Biomech. April–May 1993;26(4-5):599-607.
1976	Carter DR, Hayes WC. Fatigue life of compact bone, I: effects of stress amplitude, temperature and density. J Biomech. 1976;9(1):27-34.
1989	Behiri JC, Bonfield W. Orientation dependence of the fracture mechanics of cortical bone. J Biomech. 1989;22(8-9):863-872.
1976	Burstein AH, Reilly DT, Martens M. Aging of bone tissue: mechanical properties. J Bone Joint Surg. 1976;58A(1):82-86.
1971	Sammarco GJ, Burstein AH, Davis WL, Frankel VH. The biomechanics of torsional fractures: the effect of loading on ultimate properties. J Biomech. March 1971;4(2):113-117.
1994	Sano H, Ciucchi B, Matthews WG, Pashley DH. Tensile properties of mineralized and demineralized human and bovine dentin. J Dent Res. June 1994;73(6):1205-1211.
1982	Williams JL, Lewis JL. Properties and an anisotropic model of cancellous bone from the proximal tibial epiphysis. J Biomech Eng. February 1982;104(1):50-56.
1987	Reid SA, Boyde A. Changes in the mineral density distribution in human bone with age: image analysis using backscattered electrons in the SEM. J Bone Miner Res. February 1987;2(1):13-22.
1983	Carter DR, Caler WE. Cycle-dependent and time-dependent bone fracture with repeated loading. J Biomech Eng. May 1983;105(2):166-170.
1990	Jensen KS, Mosekilde L, Mosekilde L. A model of vertebral trabecular bone architecture and its mechanical properties. Bone. 1990;11(6):417-423.
1989	Mente PL, Lewis JL. Experimental method for the measurement of the elastic modulus of trabecular bone tissue. J Orthop Res. 1989;7(3):456-461.
1995	van Rietbergen B, Weinans H, Huiskes R, Odgaard A. A new method to determine trabecular bone elastic properties and loading using micromechanical finite-element models. J Biomech. January 1995;28(1):69-81.
1995	Norman TL, Vashishth D, Burr DB. Fracture toughness of human bone under tension. J Biomech. March 1995;28(3):309-320.
1971	Swanson SAV, Freeman MAR, Day WH. The fatigue properties of human cortical bone. Med Biol Eng. January 1971;9(1):23-32.
1974	Gray RJ, Korbacher GK. Compressive fatigue behaviour of bovine compact bone. J Biomech. May 1974;7(3):287-292.
1992	Norman TL, Vashishth D, Burr DB. Effect of groove on bone fracture toughness. J Biomech. December 1992;25(12):1489-1492.
1990	Linde F, Pongsoipetch B, Frich LH, Hvid I. Three-axial strain controlled testing applied to bone specimens from the proximal tibial epiphysis. J Biomech. 1990;23(11):1167-1172.
1998	Zioupos P, Currey JD. Changes in the stiffness, strength, and toughness of human cortical bone with age. Bone. January 1998;22(1):57-66.
1993	Rho JY, Ashman RB, Turner CH. Young's modulus of trabecular and cortical bone material: ultrasonic and microtensile measurements. J Biomech. February 1993;26(2):111-119.
1979	Currey JD. Changes in the impact energy absorption of bone with age. J Biomech. 1979;12(6):459-469.
1993	McCalden RW, McGeough JA, Barker MB, Court-Brown CM. Age-related changes in the tensile properties of cortical bone: the relative importance of changes in porosity, mineralization, and microstructure. J Bone Joint Surg. 1993;75A(8):1193-1205.
1993	Sedman AJ. Mechanical Failure and Antler: The Accumulation of Bone of Damage [PhD thesis]. York, UK: University of York; September 1993.
1989	Ryan SD, Williams JL. Tensile testing of rodlike trabeculae excised from bovine femoral bone. J Biomech. 1989;22(4):351-355.
1996	Zioupos P, Wang XT, Currey JD. The accumulation of fatigue microdamage in human cortical bone of two different ages in vitro. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). October 1996;11(7):365-375.

Cited By (9)

Year	Entry
2006	Yang QD, Cox BN, Nalla RK, Ritchie RO. Fracture length scales in human cortical bone: the necessity of nonlinear fracture models. Biomaterials. March 2006;27(9):2095-2113.
2006	Yang QD, Cox BN, Nalla RK, Ritchie RO. Re-evaluating the toughness of human cortical bone. Bone. June 2006;38(6):878-887.
2007	Mulder L, Koolstra JH, den Toonder JMJ, van Eijden TMGJ. Intratrabecular distribution of tissue stiffness and mineralization in developing trabecular bone. Bone. August 2007;41(2):256-265.
2020	Xi L, De Falco P, Barbieri E, Karunaratne A, Bentley L, Esapa CT, Davis GR, Terrill NJ, Cox RD, Pugno NM, Thakker RV, Weinkamer R, Wu WW, Fang DN, Gupta HS. Reduction of fibrillar strain-rate sensitivity in steroid-induced osteoporosis linked to changes in mineralized fibrillar nanostructure. Bone. February 2020;131:115111.
2005	Ritchie RO, Kinney JH, Kruzic JJ, Nalla RK. A fracture mechanics and mechanistic approach to the failure of cortical bone. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. April 2005;28(4):345-371.
2008	Mulder L, Koolstra JH, den Toonder JMJ, van Eijden TMGJ. Relationship between tissue stiffness and degree of mineralization of developing trabecular bone. J Biomed Mater Res. February 2008;A84(2):508-515.
2010	Loomis DA. A Biomechanical Analysis of Ape and Human Thoracic Vertebrae Using Quantitative Computed Tomography Based Finite Element Models [Master's thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; January 2010.
2012	Tozzi G. In Vitro Studies of Bone-Cement Interface and Related Work on Cemented Acetabular Replacement [PhD thesis]. Portsmouth, England: University of Portsmouth; May 29, 2012.
2012	Sun X. Mechanically Induced Calcium Efflux from Bone Matrix Stimulates Osteoblasts [PhD thesis]. Purdue University; May 2012.