A cumulative damage model for bone-fracture

Carter, D. R.; Caler, W. E.

Year	Entry
2001	Turner CH, Burr DB. Experimental techniques for bone mechanics. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:7-1–7-35.
2001	Davy DT, Jepsen KJ. Bone damage mechanics. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:18-1–18-25.
2002	Currey JD. Bones: Structure and Mechanics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2002.
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1998	Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA. Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1998.
2015	Nicolella DP, Bredbenner TL. Computational analysis of bone fracture. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:183-201.
2018	Xie S, Wallace RJ, Callanan A, Pankaj P. From tension to compression: asymmetric mechanical behaviour of trabecular bone’s organic phase. Ann Biomed Eng. June 2018;46(6):801-809.
1989	Schaffler MB, Radin EL, Burr DB. Mechanical and morphological effects of strain rate on fatigue of compact bone. Bone. 1989;10(3):207-214.
1990	Schaffler MB, Radin EL, Burr DB. Long-term fatigue behavior of compact bone at low strain magnitude and rate. Bone. 1990;11(5):321-326.
1993	Turner CH, Burr DB. Basic biomechanical measurements of bone: a tutorial. Bone. 1993;14(4):595-608.
2019	Currey JD, Brear K, Zioupos P. Strain rate dependence of work of fracture tests on bone and similar tissues: reflections on testing methods and mineral content effects. Bone. November 2019;128:115038.
2021	Loundagin LL, Pohl AJ, Edwards WB. Stressed volume estimated by finite element analysis predicts the fatigue life of human cortical bone: the role of vascular canals as stress concentrators. Bone. February 2021;143:115647.
1993	Martin B. Aging and strength of bone as a structural material. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S34-S40.
1993	Parfitt AM. Bone age, mineral density, and fatigue damage. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S82-S86.
1993	Lanyon LE. Osteocytes, strain detection, bone modeling and remodeling. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S102-S107.
1995	Duncan RL, Turner CH. Mechanotransduction and the functional response of bone to mechanical strain. Calcif Tiss Int. December 1995;57(5):344-358.
1996	Zioupos P, Wang XT, Currey JD. The accumulation of fatigue microdamage in human cortical bone of two different ages in vitro. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). October 1996;11(7):365-375.
2004	Doblaré M, García JM, Gomez MJ. Modelling bone tissue fracture and healing: a review. Eng Fract Mech. September 2004;71(13-14):1809-1840.
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2007	Vashishth D. Hierarchy of bone microdamage at multiple length scales. Int J Fatigue. June 2007;29(6):1024-1033.
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1987	Carter DR, Fyhrie DP, Whalen RT. Trabecular bone density and loading history: regulation of connective tissue biology by mechanical energy. J Biomech. 1987;20(8):785-794.
1987	Lanyon LE. Functional strain in bone tissue as an objective, and controlling stimulus for adaptive bone remodelling. J Biomech. 1987;20(11-12):1083-1093.
1987	Carter DR. Mechanical loading history and skeletal biology. J Biomech. 1987;20(11-12):1095-1109.
1988	Fondrk M, Bahniuk E, Davy DT, Michaels C. Some viscoplastic characteristics of bovine and human cortical bone. J Biomech. 1988;21(8):623-630.
1989	Currey JD. Strain rate dependence of the mechanical properties of reindeer antler and the cumulative damage model of bone fracture. J Biomech. 1989;22(5):469-475.
1989	Caler WE, Carter DR. Bone creep-fatigue damage accumulation. J Biomech. 1989;22(6-7):625-635.
1992	Mauch M, Currey JD, Sedman AJ. Creep fracture in bones with different stiffnesses. J Biomech. January 1992;22(1):11-16.
1992	Choi K, Goldstein SA. A comparison of the fatigue behavior of human trabecular and cortical bone tissue. J Biomech. 1992;25(12):1371-1381.
1993	Rimnac CM, Petko AA, Santner TJ, Wright TM. The effect of temperature, stress and microstructure on the creep of compact bovine bone. J Biomech. March 1993;26(3):219-228.
1993	Michel MC, Guo X-DE, Gibson LJ, McMahon TA, Hayes WC. Compressive fatigue behavior of bovine trabecular bone. J Biomech. April–May 1993;26(4-5):453-463.
1994	Guo X-DE, McMahon TA, Keaveny TM, Hayes WC, Gibson LJ. Finite element modeling of damage accumulation in trabecular bone under cyclic loading. J Biomech. February 1994;27(2):145-155.
1994	Prendergast P, Taylor D. Prediction of bone adaptation using damage accumulation. J Biomech. August 1994;27(8):1067-1076.
1996	Zioupos P, Wang XT, Currey JD. Experimental and theoretical quantification of the development of damage in fatigue tests of bone and antler. J Biomech. August 1996;29(8):989-1002.
1996	Courtney AC, Hayes WC, Gibson LJ. Age-related differences in post-yield damage in human cortical bone: experiment and model. J Biomech. November 1996;29(11):1463-1471.
1997	Jepsen KJ, Davy DT. Comparison of damage accumulation measures in human cortical bone. J Biomech. September 1997;30(9):891-894.
1998	Zioupos P, Casinos A. Cumulative damage and the response of human bone in two-step loading fatigue. J Biomech. September 1998;31(9):825-833.
1999	Huja SS, Hasan MS, Pidaparti R, Turner CH, Garetto LP, Burr DB. Development of a fluorescent light technique for evaluating microdamage in bone subjected to fatigue loading. J Biomech. November 1999;32(11):1243-1249.
2003	Cotton JR, Zioupos P, Winwood K, Taylor M. Analysis of creep strain during tensile fatigue of cortical bone. J Biomech. July 2003;36(7):943-949.
2007	Schwab TD, Johnston CR, Oxland TR, Thornton GM. Continuum damage mechanics (CDM) modelling demonstrates that ligament fatigue damage accumulates by different mechanisms than creep damage. J Biomech. 2007;40(14):3279-3284.
2021	Frank M, Fischer J-T, Thurner PJ. Microdamage formation in individual bovine trabeculae during fatigue testing. J Biomech. January 22, 2021;115:110131.
2021	Haider IT, Lee M, Page R, Smith D, Edwards WB. Mechanical fatigue of whole rabbit-tibiae under combined compression-torsional loading is better explained by strained volume than peak strain magnitude. J Biomech. June 9, 2021;122:110434.
1998	Bowman SM, Guo XE, Cheng DW, Keaveny TM, Gibson LJ, Hayes WC, McMahon TA. Creep contributes to the fatigue behavior of bovine trabecular bone. J Biomech Eng. October 1998;120(5):647-654.
1999	Fondrk MT, Bahniuk EH, Davy DT. A damage model for nonlinear tensile behavior of cortical bone. J Biomech Eng. October 1999;121(5):533-541.
2003	Moore TLA, Gibson LJ. Fatigue of bovine trabecular bone. J Biomech Eng. December 2003;125(6):761-768.
2004	Moore TLA, O’Brien FJ, Gibson LJ. Creep does not contribute to fatigue in bovine trabecular bone. J Biomech Eng. June 2004;126(3):321-329.
1995	Sharkey NA, Ferris L, Smith TS, Matthews DK. Strain and loading of the second metatarsal during heel-lift. J Bone Joint Surg. July 1995;77A(7):1050-1057.
1994	Yoshikawa T, Mori S, Santiesteban AJ, Sun TC, Hafstad E, Chen J, Burr DB. The effects of muscle fatigue on bone strain. J Exp Biol. March 1994;188(1):217-233.
1994	Zioupos P, Currey JD. The extent of microcracking and the morphology of microcracks in damaged bone. J Mater Sci. 1994;29(4):978-986.
2010	Zhang J, Michalenko MM, Kuhl E, Ovaert TC. Characterization of indentation response and stiffness reduction of bone using a continuum damage model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. February 2010;3(2):189-202.
2013	Ridha H, Thurner PJ. Finite element prediction with experimental validation of damage distribution in single trabeculae during three-point bending tests. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. November 2013;27:94-106.
1988	Currey JD. Strain rate and mineral content in fracture models of bone. J Orthop Res. January 1988;6(1):32-38.
1992	Martin B. A theory of fatigue damage accumulation and repair in cortical bone. J Orthop Res. November 1992;10(6):818-825.
1995	Martin B. Mathematical model for repair of fatigue damage and stress fracture in osteonal bone. J Orthop Res. May 1995;13(3):309-316.
1995	Gibson VA, Stover SM, Martin RB, Gibeling JC, Willits NH, Gustafson MB, Griffin LV. Fatigue behavior of the equine third metacarpus: mechanical property analysis. J Orthop Res. November 1995;13(6):861-868.
1996	Martin RB, Stover SM, Gibson VA, Gibeling JC, Griffin LV. In vitro fatigue behavior of the equine third metacarpus: remodeling and microcrack damage analysis. J Orthop Res. September 1996;14(5):794-801.
1998	Boyce TM, Fyhrie DP, Glotkowski MC, Radin EL, Schaffler MB. Damage type and strain mode associations in human compact bone bending fatigue. J Orthop Res. May 1998;16(3):322-329.
2007	Gupta HS, Fratzl P, Kerschnitzki M, Benecke G, Wagermaier W, Kirchner HOK. Evidence for an elementary process in bone plasticity with an activation enthalpy of 1 eV. J R Soc Interface. April 22, 2007;4(3):277-282.
2001	Zioupos P, Currey JD, Casinos A. Tensile fatigue in bone: are cycles-, or time to failure, or both, important? J Theo Biol. June 7, 2001;210(3):389-399.
1994	Zioupos P, Currey JD, Sedman AJ. An examination of the micromechanics of failure of bone and antler by acoustic emission tests and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Med Eng Phys. May 1994;16(3):203-212.
2004	Pearson OM, Lieberman DE. The aging of Wolff's “law”: ontogeny and responses to mechanical loading in cortical bone. Yearb Phys Anthropol. 2004;47:63-99.
2022	Walker EM. Tibial Compression During Activities of Daily Living in Young and Older Adults [Master's thesis]. Boise State University; December 2022.
1989	Fondrk MT. An Experimental and Analytical Investigation Into the Nonlinear Constitutive Equations of Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; May 1989.
2000	Akkus O. The Relation of Microdamage to Fracture and Material Property Degradation in Human Cortical Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; August 2000.
2003	Bredbenner TL. Damage Modeling of Vertebral Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; January 2003.
2020	Mehraban Alvandi L. Diffuse Damage Repair Mechanism in Bone [PhD thesis]. New York, NY: The City College of New York; 2020.
2003	Winwood K. An Experimental Investigation Into the Effects of Cyclic Fatigue on Ageing Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Cranfield University; September 2003.
2004	İnceoğlu S. Failure of Pedicle Screw-Bone Interface: Biomechanics of Pedicle Screw Insertion and Pullout [PhD thesis]. Cleveland State University; December 2004.
2014	Seref-Ferlengez Z. Diffused Microdamage in Bone Vivo: Structural and Mechanical Bases of Repair [PhD thesis]. New York, NY: The City University of New York; 2014.
2006	Garcia D. Elastic Plastic Damage Laws for Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. Lausanne, Switzerland: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 2006.
1993	Guo X-DE. Fatigue of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; 1993.
1994	Courtney AC. Mechanical Properties of the Proximal Femur: Changes With Age [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; May 1994.
1997	Bowman SM. Creep of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; May 1997.
2008	Thomas JM. Factors Affecting Lower Extremity Loading During Running [PhD thesis]. Iowa State University; 2008.
2009	Edwards WB. Internal Structural Loading of the Lower Extremity During Running: Implications for Skeletal Injury [PhD thesis]. Iowa State University; 2009.
2001	Arthur Moore TL. Microdamage Accumulation in Bovine Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; June 2001.
2004	Sasimontonkul S. Do Running and Fatigued Running Relate to Tibial Stress Fractures? [PhD thesis]. Oregon State University; 2004.
2005	George WT. Multiaxial Fracture Characteristics of Aging Human Bone [PhD thesis]. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; April 2005.
2012	Emerson NJ. Development of Patient-Specific CT-FE Modelling of Bone Through Validation Using Porcine Femora [PhD thesis]. University of Sheffield; September 2012.
1986	Fyhrie DP. Stress Analysis and Design of Proximal Femoral Prostheses [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; January 1986.
1988	Whalen RT. The Influence of the Daily Stress History on the Regulation of Bone Density [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; February 1988.
1991	Pattin CAG. Cyclic Mechanical Property Degradation in Bone During Fatigue Loading [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; March 1991.
2010	Chen JC. Mechanical Factors in Initial Long Bone Ossification and Later Functional Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; May 2010.
2021	Frank M. Mechanical Characterization of Individual Trabeculae [PhD thesis]. Vienna University of Technology; February 2021.
2006	Rouhi G. Theoretical Aspects of Bone Remodeling and Resorption Processes [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; March 2006.
2016	Firminger CR. Effects of Minimalist Footwear and Stride Length Reduction on Metatarsal Strains and the Probability of Stress Fracture in Running [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; July 2016.
2020	Loundagin LL. The Influence of Intracortical Microarchitecture on the Mechanical Fatigue of Bone [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; July 2020.
2021	Firminger CR. Experimental Measurement and Applied Modelling of Patellar Tendon Strain [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; May 2021.
2002	Graham JH. Fracture Toughness Testing of the Trabecular Bone/acrylic Bone Cement Interface [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 2002.
1999	Donahue SW. Bone Strain and Microdamage At Stress Fracture Sites in Human Metatarsals [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 1999.
2000	Gibson VA. Fatigue Behavior of Equine Third Metacarpal Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2000.
2022	Madden T. Increasing Step Rate Reduces Insole Force and Cumulative Load in College Runners [Master's thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2022.
1991	Choi K. The Micro Mechanical Properties of Bone Tissue [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1991.
1994	Jepsen KJ. Characterization of the Hierarchical Composite Properties of Cortical Bone: A Transgenic Approach [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1994.
1996	Beck BR. The Relationship of Streaming Potential Magnitude to Strain and Periosteal Modeling [PhD thesis]. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon; December 1996.
2010	Wynnyckyj C. The Consequences of Collagen Degradation on Bone Mechanical Properties [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2010.
2000	Funk JR. The Effect of Active Muscle Tension on the Axial Impact Tolerance of the Human Foot/ankle Complex [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2000.
2008	Parkinson RJ. Refining the Relationship Between the Mechanical Demands on the Spine and Injury Mechanisms Through Improved Estimates of Load Exposure and Tissue Tolerance [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2008.
2009	Gregory DE. The Influence of the Tensile Material Properties of Single Annulus Fibrosus Lamellae and the Interlamellar Matrix Strength on Disc Herniation and Progression [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2009.
1996	Kim Y. A Finite-Element Study of Intervertebral Cages and Spinal Bone Remodeling [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 1996.
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2001	Parsamian GP. Damage Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 2001.
1993	Sedman AJ. Mechanical Failure and Antler: The Accumulation of Bone of Damage [PhD thesis]. York, UK: University of York; September 1993.

Year	Entry
1974	Crowninshield RD, Pope MH. The response of compact bone in tension at various strain rates. Ann Biomed Eng. 1974;2(2):217-225.
1984	Behiri JC, Bonfield W. Fracture mechanics of bone: the effects of density, specimen thickness and crack velocity on longitudinal fracture. J Biomech. 1984;17(1):25-34.
1976	Wright TM, Hayes WC. Tensile testing of bone over a wide range of strain rates: effects of strain rate, microstructure and density. Med Biol Eng. November 1976;14(6):671-680.
1975	Currey JD, Butler G. The mechanical properties of bone tissue in children. J Bone Joint Surg. September 1975;57A(6):810-814.
1984	Lanyon LE. Functional strain as a determinant for bone remodeling. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S56-S61.
1971	Heřt J, Lišková M, Landa J. Reaction of bone to mechanical stimuli, I: continuous and intermittent loading of tibia in rabbit. Folia Morphol (Praha). August 1971;19(3):290-300.
1972	Chamay A, Tschantz P. Mechanical influences in bone remodeling: experimental research on Wolff's law. J Biomech. March 1972;5(2):173-180.
1983	Pienkowski D, Pollack SR. The origin of stress-generated potentials in fluid-saturated bone. J Orthop Res. 1983;1(1):30-41.
1976	Carter DR, Hayes WC. Bone compressive strength: the influence of density and strain rate. Science. September 10, 1976;194(4270):1174-1176.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. Compact bone fatigue damage: a microscopic examination. Clin Orthop Relat Res. September 1977;127:265-274.
1976	Burstein AH, Reilly DT, Martens M. Aging of bone tissue: mechanical properties. J Bone Joint Surg. 1976;58A(1):82-86.
1983	Carter DR, Caler WE. Cycle-dependent and time-dependent bone fracture with repeated loading. J Biomech Eng. May 1983;105(2):166-170.
1977	Carter DR, Hayes WC. Compact bone fatigue damage, I: residual strength and stiffness. J Biomech. 1977;10(5-6):325-337.
1981	Carter DR, Caler WE, Spengler DM, Frankel VH. Fatigue behavior of adult cortical bone: the influence of mean strain and strain range. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(5):481-490.
1984	Rubin CT. Skeletal strain and the functional significance of bone architecture. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S11-S18.
1984	Carter DR. Mechanical loading histories and cortical bone remodeling. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1984;36(suppl 1):S19-S24.