A mathematical model of an improved neck for a rear-end impact dummy

Linder, Astrid; Jernström, Clas; Svensson, Mats Y; Lövsund, Per

Affiliations

¹Department of Machine and Vehicle Design, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden

²VOLVO Car Corporation, Goteborg, Sweden

Abstract

A mathematical model of a new rear-end impact dummy neck, consisting of seven cervical vertebrae as well as the upper most thoracic element (T1) connected by hinge joints, was implemented using MADYMO. The motion of the T1 was prescribed using displacement data obtained from volunteer tests. The stiffnesses of the joints were progressive and supplemented by two muscle substitutes. The model was validated against volunteer test data at 7 km/h speed change. The response of the model agreed with the volunteer test results in displacement and acceleration of the head relative to the upper torso. This study showed that a combination of elastic stiffness and damping in the muscle substitutes, together with a progressive joint stiffness, resulted in a head-neck response close to that of the volunteer tests.

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Cited By (7)

Year	Entry
1998	Davidsson J, Svensson MY, Flogård A, Håland Y, Jakobsson L, Linder A, Lövsund P, Wiklund K. BioRID I: a new biofidelic rear impact dummy. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.377-390.
1999	Hell W, Langwieder K, Walz F, Muser M, Kramer M, Hartwig E. Consequences for seat design due to rear end accident analysis, sled tests and possible test criteria for reducing cervical spine injuries after rear-end collision. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.243-259.
1999	Panjabi MM, Wang J-L, Delson N. Neck injury criterion based on intervertebral motions and its evaluation using an instrumented neck dummy. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.179-190.
2000	Langwieder K, Hell W, Schick S, Muser M, Walz F, Zellmer H. Evolution of a dynamic seat test standard proposal for a better protection after rear-end impact. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.393-409.
2000	Svensson MY, Boström O, Davidsson J, Hansson H-A, Håland Y, Lövsund P, Suneson A, Säljö A. Neck injuries in car collisions: a review covering a possible injury mechanism and the development of a new rear-impact dummy. Accid Anal Prev. March 2000;32(2):167-175.
2002	Langwieder K, Hell W. Proposal of an international harmonized dynamic test standard for seats/head restraints. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(2):150-158.
2002	Linder A, Svensson MY, Davidsson J, Flogård A, Lövsund P, Håland Y, Jakobsson L, Wiklund K. Design and validation of the neck for a rear impact dummy (biorid i). Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(2):167-174.