Role of impact velocity and chest compression in thoracic injury

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Viano, David C.¹; Lau, Veng-Kin¹

Role of impact velocity and chest compression in thoracic injury

Aviat Space Environ Med. January 1983;54(1):16-21

Affiliations

¹Biomedical Science Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, Michigan 48090-9055
Abstract

Impact velocity and chest compression are important factors in traumatic iniury; however, there is no functional relationship to assess impact severity. A blunt thoracic impact ol constant velocity (5-22 m/s) and prescribed contact displacement (3-46 mm) was delivered to 123 anesthetized rabbits. Myocardial and maior vascular iniury incroasod from contusion to rupture with cardiac tamponade and sudden doath as eithor impact velocity or chest compression was independently increased. A theoretical relationship was found for impact severity: IS=VC/1-C where V and C are impact velocity and normalized chest compression. Based on the frequency of critical/fatal iniury, problt analysis gave IS=6.4 m/s as an estimate of the ED₅₀ response in the experimental model.
Links

PubMed: 6830552

WoS: A1983PY15400004

Cited Works (5)

Year	Entry
1981	Lau V-K, Viano DC. Influence of impact velocity on the severity of nonpenetrating hepatic injury. J Trauma. February 1981;21(2):115-123.
1981	Kroell CK, Pope ME, Viano DC, Warner CY, Allen SD. Interrelationship of velocity and chest compression in blunt thoracic impact to swine. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:549-579. SAE 811016.
1978	Viano DC. Thoracic injury potential. In: Proceedings of the 1978 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 12-13, 1978; Lyon, France.142-156.
1978	Viano DC, Warner CY, Hoopes K, Mortenson C, White R, Artinian CG. Sensitivity of porcine thoracic responses and injuries to various frontal and a lateral impact site. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 24-26, 1978; Ann Arobor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:169-207. SAE 780890.
1966	Greendyke RM. Traumatic rupture of aorta: special reference to automobile accidents. JAMA. February 14, 1966;195(7):527-530.

Cited By (27)

Year	Entry
1992	Cavanaugh J, Zhu Y, King AI. Biomechanical response and injury tolerance of the thorax in seventeen cadaveric side impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Injury Prevention Through Biomechanics Symposium. April 10-11, 1992; Detroit, MI.81-105.
2015	Cavanaugh JM, Yoganandan N. Thorax injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:331-372.
2015	Hardy WN, Howes MK, Kemper AR, Rouhana SW. Impact and injury response of the abdomen. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:373-434.
2004	Haug E, Choi H-Y, Robin S, Beaugonin M. Human models for crash and impact simulation. In: Ayache N, ed. Computational Models for the Human Body. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V; 2004:231-452. Ciarlet PG, ed. Handbook of Numerical Analysis; vol 12.
2002	Rouhana SW. Biomechanics of abdominal trauma. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2002:405-453.
1985	Viano DC, Lau IV. Thoracic impact: a viscous tolerance criterion. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.104-114. SAE 856025.
2020	Sreedhar A, Kang Y-S, Bolte JH IV, Murach MM, Stammen J, Moorhouse K, Ramachandra R, Agnew AM. A hierarchical exploration of rib strain in dynamic frontal thoracic impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.746-769.
1985	Anderson TB, Viano DC. A critical analysis of experimental spinal cord injury models. In: Proceedings of the 1985 International IRCOBI/AAAM Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1985; Göteborg, Sweden.211-222.
2005	Ali T, Kent RW, Murakami D, Kobayashi S. Tracking rib deformation under anterior loads using computed tomography imaging. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 11-14, 2005; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2005-01-0299.
2010	Hallman JJ, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Biomechanical and injury response to posterolateral loading from torso side airbags. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:227-257. SAE 2010-22-0012.
1989	Viano DC, Lau IV, Andrzejak DV, Asbury C. Biomechanics of injury in lateral impacts. Accid Anal Prev. 1989;21(6):535-551.
1989	Viano DC, Lau IV, Asbury C, King AI, Begeman P. Biomechanics of the human chest, abdomen, and pelvis in lateral impact. Accid Anal Prev. 1989;21(6):553-574.
2001	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Maltese MR. Biomechanics of abdominal injuries. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2001;29(2):173-246.
1988	Viano DC, Lau IV. A viscous tolerance criterion for soft tissue injury assessment. J Biomech. 1988;21(5):387-399.
1988	Yen RT, Fung YC, Liu SQ. Trauma of lung due to impact load. J Biomech. 1988;21(9):745-753.
1989	Viano DC, King AI, Melvin JW, Weber K. Injury biomechanics research: an essential element in the prevention of trauma. J Biomech. 1989;22(5):403-417.
1988	Kearney PA, Ridella SA, Viano DC, Anderson TE. Interaction of contact velocity and cord compression in determining the severity of spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 1988;5(3):187-208.
1985	Rouhana SW, Lau IV, Ridella SA. Influence of velocity and forced compression on the severity of abdominal injury in blunt, nonpenetrating lateral impact. J Trauma. June 1985;25(6):490-500.
1987	Lau IV, Horsch JD, Viano DC, Andrzejak DV. Biomechanics of liver injury by steering wheel loading. J Trauma. March 1987;27(3):225-235.
2006	Ouyang J, Zhao W, Xu Y, Chen W, Zhong S. Thoracic impact testing of pediatric cadaveric subjects. J Trauma. December 2006;61(6):1492-1500.
2006	Charpail E. Analyse du comportement mecanique des cotes humaines en dynamique [Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Human Ribs in Dynamics] [PhD thesis]. Paris, France: l’École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers; October 27, 2006.
2014	Tahan FJ. An Integrated Approach to Identify Thoracic Injuries in Rollover Crashes [PhD thesis]. Washington, DC: The George Washington University; January 31, 2014.
2014	Patton DA. The Biomechanical Determinants of Sports-Related Concussion: Finite Element Simulations of Unhelmeted Head Impacts to Evaluate Kinematic and Tissue-Level Predictors of Injury and Investigate the Design Implications for Soft-Shell Headgear [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; March 2014.
1997	Goldstein DM. In Vitro and Mathematical Models of the Injury Response of Axons to Dynamic Loading of the Central Nervous System [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 1997.
2002	Kent RW. Dynamic Response of the Thorax: Restraint-Specific Hard Tissue Injury Prediction [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 2002.
1995	Wang H-CK. Development of a Side Impact Finite Element Human Thoracic Model [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1995.
2000	Bir CA. The Evaluation of Blunt Ballistic Impacts of the Thorax [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2000.