Response of human lower thorax to impact

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Yoganandan, Narayan^1,2; Pintar, Frank A.^1,2; Kumaresan, Srirangam^1,2; Sances, Jr, Anthony^1,2; Haffner, Mark³

Response of human lower thorax to impact

40th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM)

Affiliations

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin

²VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

³Office of Crashworthiness Research, Biomechanics Division, U.S. DOT NHTSA, Washington, D.C.
Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the dynamic force-deflection characteristics of the human lower thoracic region. Five unembalmed cadavers with vascular pressurization were subjected to impact on the right lower anterior region of the thorax at a velocity of 4.3 m/s. A pendulum (23.5 kg, 150 mm diameter face) delivered the impact. The force-time history was obtained from the load cell attached to the pendulum impactor. Deflections at the impact site were obtained using the chest band signals. Force-deflection curves were obtained by eliminating the time variable between the force and deflection time histories. Peak impact forces ranged from 1.9 to 2.7 kN (mean: 2.29 kN ± 0.38). Peak deflections ranged from 34 to 85 mm (mean: 59.3 mm ± 18.1). Detailed autopsy revealed rib and liver trauma. The nonlinear force-deformation curves presented in this study provide fundamental data for the design of anthropomorphic test devices with improved biofidelity so that injury can be predicted in realworld crash environments.

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Cited By (9)

Year	Entry
2015	Hardy WN, Howes MK, Kemper AR, Rouhana SW. Impact and injury response of the abdomen. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:373-434.
2002	Rouhana SW. Biomechanics of abdominal trauma. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2002:405-453.
2000	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA, Maltese MR. Patterns of abdominal injuries in frontal and side impacts. In: 44th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 2-4, 2000; Chicago, IL.
2011	Yoganandan N, Humm J, Pintar FA, Wolfla CE, Maiman DJ. Lateral neck injury assessments in side impact using post mortem human subject tests. In: 55th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 3-5, 2011; Paris, France.169-179.
2010	Hallman JJ, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Biomechanical and injury response to posterolateral loading from torso side airbags. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:227-257. SAE 2010-22-0012.
2001	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Maltese MR. Biomechanics of abdominal injuries. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2001;29(2):173-246.
2007	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Stemper BD, Gennarelli TA, Weigelt JA. Biomechanics of side impact: injury criteria, aging occupants, and airbag technology. J Biomech. 2007;40(2):227-243.
1997	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Kumaresan S, Boynton M. Axial impact biomechanics of the human foot-ankle complex. J Biomech Eng. November 1997;119(4):433-437.
2010	Hallman JJ. Detrimental Thoracoabdominal Interaction With Lateral Airbag Restraints [PhD thesis]. Wilwaukee, WI: Marquette University; December 2010.