Biomechanically based design and performance targets for a 3-year old child crash dummy for frontal and side impact

van Ratingen, Michiel R.; Twisk, Dirk; Schrooten, Mark; Beusenberg, Marc C.; Barnes, Andy; Platten, Geoff

Year	Entry
2015	Arbogast KB, Maltese MR. Pediatric biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:643-696.
2005	Dupuis R, Meyer F, Willinger R. Three years old child neck finite element modelisation: frontal validation. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:101-109. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
2015	Hardy WN, Howes MK, Kemper AR, Rouhana SW. Impact and injury response of the abdomen. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:373-434.
2015	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL. Anthropomorphic test devices and injury risk assessments. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:83-112.
2002	Rouhana SW. Biomechanics of abdominal trauma. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2002:405-453.
1998	van Ratingen MR, Wismans J. Modelling pediatric kinematics. In: 42nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 1998; Charlottesville, VA.137-151.
2010	Maltese MR, Arbogast KB, Nadkarni V, Berg R, Balasubramanian S, Seacrist T, Kent RW, Parent DP, Craig M, Ridella SA. Incorporation of CPR data into ATD chest impact response requirements. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.79-88.
1998	Happee R, van Haaster R, Michaelsen L, Hoffmann R. Optimisation of vehicle passive safety for occupants with varying anthropometry. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1919-1924.
2001	Xu L, Nusholtz G, Rabbiolo G, Kostyniuk G. Extraction of information from noisy 3-year-old ATD response signals in static out-of-position airbag tests. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2003	van Rooij L, Bhalla K, Meissner M, Ivarsson J, Crandall J, Longhitano D, Takahashi Y, Dokko Y, Kikuchi Y. Pedestrian crash reconstruction using multi-body modeling with geometrically detailed, validated vehicle models and advanced pedestrian injury criteria. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2005	Dupuis R, Meyer F, Willinger R. Three years old child neck finite element modelisation. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Klinich KD, Ritchie NL, Manary MA, Reed MP, Tamborra N, Schneider LW. Kinematics of the Q3S ATD in a child restraint under far-side impact loading. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Carlson M, Burleigh M, Barnes A, Waagmeester K, van Ratingen M. Q3s 3 year old side impact dummy development. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Rodarius C, van Rooij L, de Lange R. Scalability of human models. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2011	Suntay B, Moorhouse K, Bolte J IV. Characterization of the pediatric shoulder’s resistance to lateral loading conditions. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2011	Maltese MR, Arbogast KB, Wang Z, Craig M. Scaling methods applied to thoracic force displacement characteristics derived from cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2013	Lemmen P, Waagmeester K, Burleigh M, Lakshminarayana A, Korschdon K, Visvikis C, Carroll J, Hynd D, Pitcher M. Development of the Q10 10 year-old child crash test dummy. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2003	Esselman KA, Bolte JH IV, Rhule HH, Donnelly BR. Application of the NHTSA biofidelity ranking system to child ATDs. In: Proceedings of the 31st International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. October 23, 2003; San Diego, CA.113-122.
2006	Maltese MR, Nysaether J, Nishisaki A, Arbogast KB, Nadkarni V. Novel methods to determine pediatric anterior-posterior thoracic force-deflection characteristics. In: Proceedings of the 34th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2006.53-62.
2000	Happee R, Ridella S, Nayef A, Morsink P, de Lange R, Bours R, van Hoof J. Mathematical human body models representing a mid size male and a small female for frontal, lateral and rearward impact loading. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.67-84.
2001	Coley G, de Lange R, de Oliveira P, Neal-Sturgess CE, Happee R. Pedestrian human body validation using detailed real-world accidents. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.
2007	Palisson A, Cassan F, Trosseille X, Lesire P, Alonzo F. Estimating Q3 dummy injury criteria for frontal impacts using the child project results and scaling reference values. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.263-276.
2012	Loyd AM, Nightingale RW, Song Y, Luck JF, Cutcliffe H, Myers BS, Bass CD. Impact properties of adult and ATD heads. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.552-564.
2014	Carroll J, Seidl M, Waagmeester K, Lemmen P, Burleigh M, Koschdon K, Lakshminarayana A, Schnottale B, Eggers A, Visvikis C. Side impact shoulder for the Q10 dummy: design and evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.318-331.
2008	Castner T, Arbogast KB, Nadkami V, Sutton R, Nishisaki A, Maltese MR. Developing pediatric ATD thoracic biofidelity requirements from cardiopulmonary resuscitation data. In: Proceedings of the 4th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 19-20, 2008; Columbus, OH.
2014	Ita M, Seacrist T, Dahle E, Bolte J IV, Kang YS. Comparison of Q3s ATD biomechanical responses to pediatric volunteers. In: Proceedings of the 10th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 18-20, 2014; Columbus, OH.
2014	Yaek JL, Li Y, Lemanski PJ, Begeman PC, Cavanaugh JM. Biofidelity assessment of the 6-year-old ATDs in side impact. In: Proceedings of the 10th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 18-20, 2014; Columbus, OH.
2016	Richter SD, Ostapkiewicz K, Borstad J, Bolte JH IV, Boucher LC. Influence of clavicle movement and chest clip position on thorax displacement in young children. In: Proceedings of the 12th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. June 5-7, 2016; Columbus, OH.
2000	Berliner JM, Athey J, Baayoun E, Byrnes K, Elhagediab A, Hultman R, Jensen J, Kim A, Kostyniuk G, Mertz H, Prest J, Rouhana S, Scherer R, Xu L. Comparative evaluation of the Q3 and Hybrid III 3-year-old dummies in biofidelity and static out-of-position airbag tests. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:25-50. SAE 2000-01-SC03.
2001	Rouhana SW, Elhagediab AM, Walbridge A, Hardy WN, Schneider LW. Development of a reusable, rate-sensitive abdomen for the Hybrid III family of dummies. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:33-60. SAE 2001-22-0002.
2002	Irwin AL, Mertz HJ, Elhagediab AM, Moss S. Guidelines for assessing the biofidelity of side impact dummies of various sizes and ages. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:297-319. SAE 2002-22-0016.
2006	Kent R, Stacey S, Kindig M, Forman J, Woods W, Rouhana SW, Higuchi K, Tanji H, St. Lawrence S, Arbogast KB. Biomechanical response of the pediatric abdomen, I: development of an experimental model and quantification of structural response to dynamic belt loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:1-26. SAE 2006-22-0001.
2008	Maltese MR, Castner T, Niles D, Nishisaki A, Balasubramanian S, Nysaether J, Sutton R, Nadkarni V, Arbogast KB. Methods for determining pediatric thoracic force-deflection characteristics from cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:83-105. SAE 2008-22-0004.
2009	Arbogast KB, Balasubramanian S, Seacrist T, Maltese MR, García-España JF, Hopely T, Constans E, Lopez-Valdes FJ, Kent RW, Tanji H, Higuchi K. Comparison of kinematic responses of the head and spine for children and adults in low-speed frontal sled tests. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:329-372. SAE 2009-22-0012.
2009	Kent R, Salzar R, Kerrigan J, Parent D, Lessley D, Sochor M, Luck JF, Loyd A, Song Y, Nightingale R, Bass CRD, Maltese MR. Pediatric thoracoabdominal biomechanics. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:373-401. SAE 2009-22-0013.
2010	Sandoz B, Laporte S, Skalli W, Mitton D. Subject-specific body segment parameters' estimation using biplanar x-rays: a feasibility study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 2010;13(6):649-654.
2005	Mizuno K, Iwata K, Deguchi T, Ikami T, Kubota M. Development of a three-year-old child FE model. Traffic Inj Prev. December 2005;6(4):361-371.
2011	Loyd AM. Studies of the Human Head from Neonate to Adult: An Inertial, Geometrical and Structural Analysis With Comparisons to the ATD Head [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2011.
2014	Ita ME. Comparison of Q3s Anthropomorphic Test Device Biomechanical Responses to Pediatric Volunteers [Master's thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2014.
2012	Maltese MR. Traumatic Brain Injury Thresholds in the Pre-Adolescent Juvenile [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2012.
2017	Yaek JL. Biofidelity Assessment of 6-Year-Old Anthropometric Test Devices (ATDs) and Scaling Laws in Lateral Impact [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2017.

Year	Entry
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1989	Viano DC. Biomechanical responses and injuries in blunt lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 4-6, 1989; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:113-142. SAE 892432.
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