The seat belt syndrome

Garrett, John W.; Braunstein, Paul W.

Year	Entry
2010	Doyle JJ Jr, Levitt SD. Evaluating the effectiveness of child safety seats and seat belts in protecting children from injury. Econ Inq. 2010;48(3):521-536.
2006	Elliott MR, Kallan MJ, Durbin DR, Winston FK. Effectiveness of child safety seats vs seat belts in reducing risk for death in children in passenger vehicle crashes. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. June 2006;160(6):617-621.
1991	Fildes BN, Lane JC, Lenard J, Vulcan AP. Passenger Cars and Occupant Injury. Monash University Accident Research Centre, Cr95. Canberra, Australia: Federal Office of Road Safety; March 1991. Report No. CR95.
2015	Hardy WN, Howes MK, Kemper AR, Rouhana SW. Impact and injury response of the abdomen. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:373-434.
2002	Rouhana SW. Biomechanics of abdominal trauma. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2002:405-453.
1993	Tso EL, Beaver BL, Haller JA Jr. Abdominal injuries in restrained pediatric passengers. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28(7):915-919.
1975	Levine RS, Patrick LM. Injury assessment of unembalmed cadavers using a three point harness restraint. In: 19th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 20, 1975; San Diego, CA.80-92.
1992	Hill JR, Mackay GM, Morris AP. Chest and abdominal injuries caused by seat belt loading. In: 36th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 1992; Portland, OR.25-41.
1998	Gotschall CS, Better AI, Bulas D, Eichelberger MR, Bents F, Warner M. Injuries to children restrained in 2- and 3- point belts. In: 42nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 1998; Charlottesville, VA.29-43.
2009	Arbogast KB, Jermakian JS, Ghati Y. Abdominal injuries in belt-positioning booster seats. In: 53rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 2009; Baltimore, MD.209-219.
2005	Arbogast KB, Mong DA, Marigowda S, Kent RW, Stacey S, Mattice J, Tanji H, Higuchi K, Rouhana SW. Evaluating pediatric abdominal injuries. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Menon R, Ghati Y, Jain P. MADYMO simulation study to optimize the seating angles and belt positioning of high back booster seats. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Jermakian JS, Kallan MJ, Arbogast KB. Abdominal injury risk for children seated in belt positioning booster seats. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Brown J, Bilston L. Spinal injuries in rear seated child occupants aged 8 – 16 years. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
1975	Damholt W, Nielsen HV, Nordentoft EL. Correlations betiveen accident circumstances and the type and grade of injuries in traffic accidents. In: Proceedings of the 1975 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1975; Birmingham, UK.40-49.
1975	Verriest JP, Martin F, Viviani P. Changes in the dynamic behaviour of the baboon's head and neck system subjected to a frontal deceleration (-Gx), related to the action of cervical muscles. In: Proceedings of the 1975 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1975; Birmingham, UK.207-219.
1977	Behrens S, Suren EG, Gotzen L, Stürtz G. Injury patterns caused by seat belts. In: Proceedings of the 1977 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 7-9, 1977; Berlin, Germany.80-92.
1989	Zuppichini F. Effectiveness of a mechanical pretensioner on the performance of seat belts. In: Proceedings of the 1989 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 13-15, 1989; Stockholm, Sweden.93-98.
1990	Zuppichini F. Seat belt performance and after-market web-locking devices: an experimental study. In: Proceedings of the 1990 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 12-14, 1990; Lyon, France.15-19.
1992	Hill JR, Mackay GM, Morris AP, Smith MT, Little S. Car occupant injury patterns with special reference to chest and abdominal jnjuries caused by seat belt loading. In: Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1992; Verona, Italy.357-372.
2009	Arregui-Dalmases C, Del Pozo E, Kindig M, Lopez-Valdes F, Forman J, Kent R. The magnitude, phasing, and attenuation of pressure waves in the aorta during abdominal belt loading. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.69-83.
2013	Adolph T, Wisch M, Eggers A, Johannsen H, Cuerden R, Carroll J, Hynd D, Sander U. Analyses of thoracic and lumbar spine injuries in frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.91-102.
1964	Schrum DJ, Provost EL. Dynamic research of passenger restraining devices. In: Patrick LM, ed. Proceedings of the 8th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. October 21-23, 1964; Wayne State University. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press:346-351. SAE 640857.
1967	Mackay GM, de Fonseka CP. Some aspects of traffic injury in urban road accidents. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:110-124. SAE 670910.
1969	Ryan GA, Mackay GM. Comparisons of car crashes in three countries. In: Proceedings of the 13th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 2-4, 1969; Boston, MA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:336-352. SAE 690813.
1970	Williams JS. The nature of seat belt injuries. In: Proceedings of the 14th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-18, 1970; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:44-65. SAE 700896.
1973	Begeman PC, King AI, Prasad P. Spinal loads resulting from -Gx acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1973; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:343-360. SAE 730977.
1974	Schmidt G, Kallieris D, Barz J, Mattern R. Results of 49 cadaver tests simulating frontal collision of front seat passengers. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:283-291. SAE 741182.
2000	Deng B, Begeman PC, Yang KH, Tashman S, King AI. Kinematics of human cadaver cervical spine during low speed rear-end impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:171-188. SAE 2000-01-SC13.
2004	Arbogast KB, Chen I, Nance ML, Durbin DR, Winston FK. Predictors of pediatric abdominal injury risk. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:479-494. SAE 2004-22-0021.
2006	Kent R, Stacey S, Kindig M, Forman J, Woods W, Rouhana SW, Higuchi K, Tanji H, St. Lawrence S, Arbogast KB. Biomechanical response of the pediatric abdomen, I: development of an experimental model and quantification of structural response to dynamic belt loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:1-26. SAE 2006-22-0001.
1994	Lane JC. The seat belt syndrome in children. Accid Anal Prev. 1994;26(6):813-820.
2003	Durbin DR, Elliott MR, Winston FK. Belt-positioning booster seats and reduction in risk of injury among children in vehicle crashes. JAMA. June 4, 2003;289(21):2835-2840.
1969	Smith WS, Kaufer H. Patterns and mechanisms of lumbar injuries associated with lap seat belts. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1969;51A(2):239-254.
1990	Newman KD, Bowman LM, Eichelberger MR, Gotschall CS, Taylor GA, Johnson DL, Thomas M. The lap belt complex: intestinal and lumbar spine injury in children. J Trauma. September 1990;30(9):1133-1140.
1991	Rutledge R, Thomason M, Oller D, Meredith W, Moylan J, Clancy T, Cunningham P, Baker C. The spectrum of abdominal injuries associated with the use of seat belts. J Trauma. June 1991;31(6):820-826.
1994	Martinez R, Sharieff G, Hooper J. Three-point restraints as a risk factor for chest injury in the elderly. J Trauma. December 1994;37(6):980-984.
2007	Arbogast KB, Kent RW, Menon RA, Ghati Y, Durbin DR, Rouhana SW. Mechanisms of abdominal organ injury in seat belt-restrained children. J Trauma. 2007;62(6):1473-1480.
2009	Stacey S, Forman J, Woods W, Arbogast K, Kent R. Pediatric abdominal injury patterns generated by lap belt loading. J Trauma. 2009;67(6):1278-1283.
2001	Durbin DR, Arbogast KB, Moll EK. Seat belt syndrome in children: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Emerg Care. December 2001;17(6):474-477.
1999	Klena JW, Kihara T, Graves C. Case study: correlation between the seat belt sign and positive abdominal computed tomography findings in pediatric trauma patients. J Crash Prev Injury Control. 1999;1(1):63-66.
2008	Brown J. The Aetiology and Mechanisms of Serious Injury in Restrained Child Occupants [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2008.
2012	Beck B. Optimising Protection for Motor Vehicle Rear Seat Occupants [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2012.
1977	Begeman PC. The Effect of Energy Absorbing Devices on Spinal Loads Resulting from -G_X Acceleration [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1977.