What is Biosid?

Beebe, Michael S.

Affiliations

Abstract

BIOSID is a Biofidelic Side Impact Dummy which is representative of the fiftieth percentile adult male in size, weight and impact response. The dummy was developed under the direction of the SAE Side Impact Dummy Task Force in response to an International Standards Organization study that concluded that neither the SID nor EUROSID dummy had sufficient lateral impact response biofidelity to be used to assess side impact protection. This paper provides a description of the BIOSID components, the rationale for their selection, and comparisons of its lateral impact responses to the biofidelity requirements specified by the International Standards Organization.

Links

DOI: 10.4271/900377

SAE: 900377

Cited Works (9)

Year	Entry
1987	Lowne RW, Neilson ID. The development and certification of EUROSID. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.363-374.
1989	Viano DC. Biomechanical responses and injuries in blunt lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 4-6, 1989; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:113-142. SAE 892432.
1983	Donnelly BR, Morgan RM, Eppinger RH. Durability, repeatability and reproducibility of the NHTSA side impact dummy. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1983; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:299-310. SAE 831624.
1984	Eppinger RH, Marcus JH, Morgan RM. Development of dummy and injury index for NHTSA’s thoracic side impact protection research program. In: Proceedings of the SAE Government/industry Meeting & Exposition. May 21-24, 1984; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 840885.
1988	Janssen EG, Vermissen ACM. Biofidelity of the European side impact dummy: EUROSID. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1988; Atlanta, GA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:101-124. SAE 881716.
1974	Hubbard RP, McLeod DG. Definition and development of a crash dummy head. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:599-628. SAE 741193.
1986	Seemann MR, Muzzy WH III, Lustick LS. Comparison of human and Hybrid III head and neck dynamic response. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:291-311. SAE 861892.
1977	Foster JK, Kortge JO, Wolanin MJ. Hybrid III: a biomechanically-based crash test dummy. In: Proceedings of the 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 19-21, 1977; New Orleans, LA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:975-1014. SAE 770938.
1988	Bendjellal F, Tarrière C, Brun-Cassan F, Forêt-Bruno J-Y, Caillibot P, Gillet D. Comparative evaluation of the biofidelity of EUROSID and SID side impact dummies. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1988; Atlanta, GA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:237-278. SAE 881717.

Cited By (24)

Year	Entry
2002	Cavanaugh JM. Biomechanics of thoracic trauma. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2002:374-404.
2015	Cavanaugh JM, Yoganandan N. Thorax injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:331-372.
2015	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL. Anthropomorphic test devices and injury risk assessments. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:83-112.
1994	Henson SE, Janczak SL. Global trends in side impact occupant protection. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.927-937.
1998	Rouhana SW, Elhagediab AM, Chapp JJ. A high-speed sensor for measuring chest deflection in crash test dummies. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.2017-2045.
2003	Hautmann E, Scherer R, Akiyama A, Page M, Xu L, Kostyniuk G, Sakurai M, Bortenschlager K, Harigae T, Tylko S. Updated biofidelity rating of the revised WorldSID prototype dummy. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2009	Scherer R, Bortenschlager K, Akiyama A, Tylko S, Hartlieb M, Harigae T. WorldSID production dummy biomechanical responses. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
1991	Håland Y, Pipkorn B. The protective effect of airbags and padding in side impacts: evaluation by a new subsystem test method. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.523-533.
1991	Kanianthra JN, Willke DT, Gabler HC, Zuby DS. Comparative performance of SID, BIOSID, and EUROSID in lateral, pendulum, sled, and car impacts. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.573-587.
1990	Roberts AK, Janssen EG, Cesari D. Review of cadaver responses to lateral impact and derived biofidelity targets for dummies. In: Proceedings of the 1990 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 12-14, 1990; Lyon, France.61-100.
1996	Fountain M, Happee R, Wismans J, Lupker H, Koppens W. Hybrid modelling of crash dummies for numerical simulation. In: Proceedings of the 1996 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 11-13, 1996; Dublin, Ireland.401-420.
1990	Campbell KL, Wasko RJ, Henson SE. Analysis of side impact test data comparing SID and BIOSID. In: Proceedings of the 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-7, 1990; Orlando, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:185-205. SAE 902319.
2001	Rouhana SW, Elhagediab AM, Walbridge A, Hardy WN, Schneider LW. Development of a reusable, rate-sensitive abdomen for the Hybrid III family of dummies. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:33-60. SAE 2001-22-0002.
2002	Byrnes K, Abramczyk J, Berliner J, Irwin A, Jensen J, Kowsika M, Mertz HJ, Rouhana SW, Scherer R, Shi Y, Sutterfield A, Xu L, Tylko S, Dalmotas D. ES-2 dummy biomechanical responses. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:353-396. SAE 2002-22-0018.
2002	Irwin AL, Mertz HJ, Elhagediab AM, Moss S. Guidelines for assessing the biofidelity of side impact dummies of various sizes and ages. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:297-319. SAE 2002-22-0016.
2003	Kim A, Anderson KF, Berliner J, Hassan J, Jensen J, Mertz HJ, Pietsch H, Rao A, Scherer R, Sutterfield A. A biofidelity evaluation of the BioRID II, Hybrid III and RID2 for use in rear impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:489-523. SAE 2003-22-0022.
2006	Ruan JS, El-Jawahri R, Rouhana SW, Barbat S, Prasad P. Analysis and evaluation of the biofidelity of the human body finite element model in lateral impact simulations according to ISO-TR9790 procedures. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:491-507. SAE 2006-22-0018.
2010	Irwin AL, Mertz HJ. Rationale for and dimensions of impact surfaces for biofidelity tests of different sizes of frontal and side impact dummies. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:19-35. SAE 2010-22-0002.
2011	Mueller BC, Sherwood CP, Arbelaez RA, Zuby DS, Nolan JM. Comparison of Hybrid III and THOR dummies in paired small overlap tests. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:379-409.
2011	Somers JT, Granderson B, Melvin JW, Tabiei A, Lawrence C, Feiveson A, Gernhardt M, Ploutz-Snyder R, Patalak J. Development of head injury assessment reference values based on NASA injury modeling. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:49-97.
2020	Fonseca G. Development of a Functional Spinal Unit for Evaluation of Sports and Automotive Protective Equipment [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; April 2020.
1995	Huang Y. Automotive Side Impact Protection: Biomechanical Issues [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 1995.
2002	Lee JB. Development of a Finite Element Model of the Human Abdomen [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2002.
2004	Koh SW. An Investigation of Shoulder Side Impact Response and Ligament Properties [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2004.