Impact force-deflection the human thorax

wbldb

Patrick, Lawrence M.¹

Impact force-deflection the human thorax

Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference

Affiliations

¹Libbey-Owens-Ford Co.
Abstract

A volunteer was impacted at velocities up to 4. 6 m/sec. (15 ft./sec.) with a 10 kg (22. 1 lb.), 15. 2 cm (6 in.) diameter padded impactor. Force-time, de'flection-time and force-deflection data are presented for these impacts showing a maximum force of 1. 67 kn (376 lbs.) and a maximum skeletal deflection of 4. 6 cm (1. 80 in.). The maximum chest compression is about the same at 4. 4 cm to 4. 6 cm (1. 72 to 1. 80 in.) at all impact velocities.

The force-deflection curve reaches a plateau where there is relatively little change in force for a large change in deflection after which there is a large change in force with little change in the maximum deflection. There is considerable hysteresis, and the force drops to zero while there is still appreciable skeletal deflection.
Links

DOI: 10.4271/811014

SAE: 811014

Cited By (26)

Year	Entry
2002	Cavanaugh JM. Biomechanics of thoracic trauma. In: Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2002:374-404.
2015	Cavanaugh JM, Yoganandan N. Thorax injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:331-372.
2006	Kent RW, Bass CR, Woods WA, Salzar RS, Lee S-H, Melvin J. The role of muscle tensing on the force-deflection response of the thorax and a reassessment of frontal impact thoracic biofidelity corridors. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D-J Automob Eng. 2006;220(7):853-868.
1989	Schneider LW, King AI, Beebe MS. Design Requirements and Specifications: Thorax-Abdomen Development Task: Interim Report: Trauma Assessment Device Development Program. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Traffic Research Institute (UMTRI); November 1989. UMTRI Publication UMTRI 89-20.
1992	Schneider LW, Ricci LL, Salloum MJ, Beebe MS, King AI, Rouhana SW, Neathery RF. Design and Development of an Advanced ATD Thorax System for Frontal Crash Environments: Volume 1: Primary Concept Development. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Traffic Research Institute (UMTRI); June 1992. UMTRI Publication UMTRI-92-22-1.
1996	Morgan RM, Eppinger RH, Kuppa SM, Taylor LM. Thoracic trauma assessment for the Hybrid III dummy in simulated frontal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1605-1621.
1982	Saul RA. Frontal impact component test evaluation of current anthropomorphic test device technology. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.342-352.
1985	Eppinger RH, Marcus J. Production of injury in blunt frontal impact. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.90-104. SAE 856024.
1986	Shew HC, Goldsmith W. Response of an artificial thorax system to impact. In: Proceedings of the 1986 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 2-4, 1986; Zurich, Switzerland.303-318.
1999	Lorenz B, Kallieris D, Mattern R, Wienecke P. Volunteer and dummy tests for the validation of biomechanical assessment criteria under the Euro-NCAP. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.385-404.
2004	Kent R, Bass CD, Woods W, Salzar R. The role of muscle tensing on the force-deflection response of the thorax and a reassessment of frontal impact thoracic biofidelity corridors. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.95-107.
2012	Lebarbé M, Petit P. New biofidelity targets for the thorax of a 50th percentile adult male in frontal impact. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.856-870.
2000	Xu L, Jensen J, Byrnes K, Kim A, Agaram V, Davis KL, Hultman RW, Kostyniuk G, Marshall ME, Mertz H, Nusholtz G, Rouhana S, Scherer R. Comparative performance evaluation of THOR and Hybrid III. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress. March 6-9, 2000; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2000-01-0161.
2003	Kent R, Shaw G, Lessley D, Crandall J, Kallieris D, Svensson M. Comparison of belted Hybrid III, THOR, and cadaver thoracic responses in oblique frontal and full frontal sled tests. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 3-6, 2003; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2003-01-0160.
2005	Shaw G, Lessley D, Crandall J, Kent R, Kitis L. Elimination of thoracic muscle tensing effects for frontal crash dummies. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 11-14, 2005; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2005-01-0307.
1983	Nusholtz GS, Melvin JW, Lux P. The influence of impact energy and direction on thoracic response. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1983; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:69-94. SAE 831606.
2004	Kent R, Lessley D, Sherwood C. Thoracic response to dynamic, non-impact loading from a hub, distributed belt, diagonal belt, and double diagonal belts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:495-519. SAE 2004-22-0022.
2006	Arbogast KB, Maltese MR, Nadkarni VM, Steen PA, Nysaether JB. Anterior-posterior thoracic force-deflection characteristics measured during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: comparison to post-mortem human subject data. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:131-145. SAE 2006-22-0006.
2013	Poulard D, Bermond F, Bruyère K. In vivo analysis of thoracic mechanical response variability under belt loading: specific behavior and relationship to age, gender and body mass index. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:59-87.
2010	Lessley DJ, Salzar R, Crandall J, Kent R, Bolton JR, Bass CR, Guillemot H, Forman JL. Kinematics of the thorax under dynamic belt loading conditions. Int J Crashworthiness. 2010;15(2):175-190.
2013	Poulard D, Bermond F, Compigne S, Bruyère K. In-vivo analysis of thoracic mechanical response under belt loading: the role of body mass index in thorax stiffness. J Biomech. March 15, 2013;46(5):883-889.
2005	Törnvall FV, Svensson MY, Davidsson J, Flogard A, Kallieris D, Håland Y. Frontal impact dummy kinematics in oblique frontal collisions: evaluation against post mortem human subject test data. Traffic Inj Prev. December 2005;6(4):340-350.
2006	Charpail E. Analyse du comportement mecanique des cotes humaines en dynamique [Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Human Ribs in Dynamics] [PhD thesis]. Paris, France: l’École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers; October 27, 2006.
2007	Good CA. Biomechanics of Occupant Loading by Pre-Crash Motorized Shoulder Belt Tensioning [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; 2007.
2002	Kent RW. Dynamic Response of the Thorax: Restraint-Specific Hard Tissue Injury Prediction [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 2002.
2019	Somasundaram K. Development of Spine Injury Mechanisms, Response Corridors and Computational Human Model to Assess Mounted Occupant Injury During Underbody Blast Loading [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2019.