Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments, II:​ responses in compression and shear;​ influence of gross morphology

Berkson, M. H.; Nachemson, A.; Schultz, A. B.

Affiliations

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Hospital, Chicago, Ill. 60612

²Department of Orthopaedic Surgery I, University of Goteborg, Sahlgren Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden

³Department of Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, Chicago, Ill. 60680

Abstract

In this second part of a three-part report, we consider the mechanical behavior of 42 fresh human cadaver lumbar motion segments in compression, and in anterior, posterior, and lateral shear. We report the motions and the intradiskal pressure increases that occurred with posterior elements both intact and destroyed. We also examine to what extent intervertebral disk gross morphology can explain the large scatter in the results presented here, as well as in the results reported in Part I concerning mechanical behavior in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion.

Links

DOI: 10.1115/1.3426225

WoS: A1979GL81900008

History

Received: 1978-08-15

Cited Works (2)

Year	Entry
1979	Schultz AB, Warwick DN, Berkson MH, Nachemson AL. Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments, I: responses in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion. J Biomech Eng. February 1979;101(1):46-52.
1979	Nachemson AL, Schultz AB, Berkson MH. Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments: influences of age, sex, disc level, and degeneration. Spine. January–February 1979;4(1):1-8.

Cited By (59)

Year	Entry
2008	Belwadi A, Yang KH. Cadaveric lumbar spine responses to flexion with and without anterior shear displacement. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.397-410.
2010	Sato F, Antona J, Ejima S, Ono K. Influence on cervical vertebral motion of the interaction between occiput and head restraint/seat based on the reconstruction of rear-end collision using finite element human model. In: Proceedings of the 2010 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 15-17, 2010; Hannover, Germany.41-58.
2017	Christou A, Grigoriadis G, Carpanen D, Newell N, Masouros SD. Biomechanics of a lumbar functional unit using the finite element method. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.668-669.
1994	Begeman PC, Visarius H, Nolte L-P, Prasad P. Visocelastic shear responses of the cadaver and Hybrid III lumbar spine. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-14. SAE 942205.
1998	Demetropoulos CK, Yang KH, Grimm MJ, Khalil TB, King AI. Mechanical properties of the cadaveric and Hybrid III lumbar spines. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:237-. SAE 983160.
2000	Winkelstein B, Myers BS. Experimental and computational characterization of three-dimensional cervical spine flexibility. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:139-158. SAE 2000-01-SC11.
1989	Bergmark A. Stability of the lumbar spine: a study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthop Scand. 1989;60(suppl 230):1-54.
2001	Matsumoto Y, Griffin MJ. Modelling the dynamic mechanisms associated with the principal resonance of the seated human body. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2001;16(suppl 1):S31-S44.
1995	Myers BS, Winkelstein BA. Epidemiology, classification, mechanism, and tolerance of human cervical spine injuries. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1995;23(5-6):307-409.
1979	Andersson GBJ, Schultz AB. Effects of fluid injection on mechanical properties of intervertebral discs. J Biomech. 1979;12(6):453-458.
1980	Spilker RL. Mechanical behavior of a simple model of an intervertebral disk under compressive loading. J Biomech. 1980;13(10):895-901.
1984	Goel VK, Clark CR, McGowan D, Goyal S. An in-vitro study of the kinematics of the normal, injured and stabilized cervical spine. J Biomech. 1984;17(5):363-376.
1986	Miller JAA, Schultz AB, Warwick DN, Spencer DL. Mechanical properties of lumbar spine motion segments under large loads. J Biomech. 1986;19(1):79-84.
1986	Koeller W, Muehlhaus S, Meier W, Hartmann F. Biomechanical properties of human intervertebral discs subjected to axial dynamic compression: influence of age and degeneration. J Biomech. 1986;19(10):807-816.
1988	Moroney SP, Schultz AB, Miller JAA, Andersson GBJ. Load-displacement properties of lower cervical spine motion segments. J Biomech. 1988;21(9):769-779.
1989	Yoganandan N, Ray G, Pintar FA, Myklebust JB, Sances A Jr. Stiffness and strain energy criteria to evaluate the threshold of injury to an intervertebral joint. J Biomech. 1989;22(2):135-142.
1989	Shirazi-Adl A. On the fibre composite material models of disc annulus: comparison of predicted stresses. J Biomech. 1989;22(4):357-365.
1992	McGill SM. A myoelectrically based dynamic three-dimensional model to predict loads on lumbar spine tissues during lateral bending. J Biomech. April 1992;25(4):395-414.
1979	Schultz AB, Warwick DN, Berkson MH, Nachemson AL. Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments, I: responses in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion. J Biomech Eng. February 1979;101(1):46-52.
1981	Tencer AF, Ahmed AM. The role of secondary variables in the measurement of the mechanical properties of the lumbar intervertebral joint. J Biomech Eng. August 1981;103(3):129-137.
1982	Tencer AF, Ahmed AM, Burke DL. Some static mechanical properties of the lumbar intervertebral joint, intact and injured. J Biomech Eng. August 1982;104(3):193-201.
1986	Spilker RL, Jakobs DM, Schultz AB. Material constants for a finite element model of the intervertebral disk with a fiber composite annulus. J Biomech Eng. February 1986;108(1):1-11.
1988	Chen J, Siegler S, Schneck CD. The three-dimensional kinematics and flexibility characteristics of the human ankle and subtalar joint, II: flexibility characteristics. J Biomech Eng. November 1988;110(4):374-385.
1994	Panjabi MM, Oxland TR, Yamamoto I, Crisco JJ. Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar and lumbosacral spine as shown by three-dimensional load-displacement curves. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1994;76A(3):413-424.
1994	Myers BS, Arbogast KB, Lobaugh B, Harper KD, Richardson WJ, Drezner MK. Improved assessment of lumbar vertebral body strength using supine lateral dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. J Bone Miner Res. May 1994;9(5):687-693.
1991	Janevic J, Ashton-Miller JA, Schultz AB. Large compressive preloads decrease lumbar motion segment flexibility. J Orthop Res. March 1991;9(2):228-236.
1981	Schultz AB, Andersson GBJ. Analysis of loads on the lumbar spine. Spine. January–February 1981;6(1):76-82.
1981	Nachemson AL. Disc pressure measurements. Spine. January–February 1981;6(1):93-97.
1984	Shirazi-Adl SA, Shrivastava SC, Ahmed A. Stress analysis of the lumbar disc-body unit in compression: a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element study. Spine. March 1984;9(2):120-134.
1986	McGill SM, Norman RW. Partitioning of the L4-L5 dynamic moment into disc, ligamentous, and muscular components during lifting. Spine. September 1986;11(7):666-678.
1989	Keller TS, Hansson TH, Abram AC, Spengler DM, Panjabi MM. Regional variations in the compressive properties of lumbar vertebral trabeculae: effects of disc degeneration. Spine. September 1989;14(9):1012-1019.
1992	Kasra M, Shirazi-Adl A, Drouin G. Dynamics of human lumbar intervertebral joints experimental and finite-element investigations. Spine. January 1992;17(1):93-102.
1994	Natarajan RN, Ke JH, Andersson GBJ. A model to study the disc degeneration process. Spine. February 1, 1994;19(3):259-265.
2004	Elliott DM, Sarver JJ. Young investigator award winner: validation of the mouse and rat disc as mechanical models of the human lumbar disc. Spine. April 1, 2004;29(7):713-722.
2015	Oxland TR. A history of spine biomechanics: focus on 20th century progress. Unfallchirurg. December 2015;118(suppl 1):80-92.
2004	Joshi AB. Mechanical Behavior of the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc With Polymeric Hydrogel Nucleus Implant: An Experimental and Finite Element Study [PhD thesis]. Drexel University; February 2004.
1999	Winkelstein BA. A Mechanical Basis for Whiplash Injury: The Cervical Facet Joint, Spinal Motion Segment, and Combined Loading [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 1999.
2017	Christou A. Modelling Spinal Injury Due to High-Rate Axial Loading [PhD thesis]. Imperial College London; June 2017.
1982	Sandover J. Measurement of the Frequency Response Characteristics of Man Exposed to Vibration [PhD thesis]. Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University of Technology; October 1982.
1986	Pintar FA. The Biomechanics of Spinal Elements [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; December 1986.
1981	Tencer A. The Mechanical Properties of the Human Lumbar Spine [PhD thesis]. McGill University; April 1981.
2020	El-Monajjed K. Implementation of a Virtual Reality Module for Gaining Surgical Access Via Planned Oblique Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion [PhD thesis]. McGill University; December 2020.
2003	Alderink GJ. Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis of the Thorax in Standing and Sitting [PhD thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 2003.
1991	Kasra M. Experimental and Finite Element Dynamic Response Analyses of a Human Lumbar Motion Segment [PhD thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; March 1991.
2015	Shahvarpour A. Biomechanical Response of Trunk Under Perturbations and in Challenged Seated Balance [PhD thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; November 2015.
1999	Cripton PA. Load-Sharing in the Human Cervical Spine [PhD thesis]. Queen's University; November 1999.
1999	Matsumoto Y. Dynamic Response of Standing and Seated Persons to Whole-Body Vibration: Principal Resonance of the Body [PhD thesis]. Southampton, England: University of Southampton; June 1999.
2011	Melnyk AD. Load Transfer Characteristics Between Posterior Fusion Devices and the Lumbar Spine Under Shear Loading: An in Vitro Investigation [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; February 2011.
2018	Dowling-Medley J. Biomechanics of the Lower Cervical Spine During Shear Loading [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; May 2018.
2011	Moody DA. A Quantification of Deep Core Trunk Muscles Impact on Lumbar Lordosis and Spine Stability [PhD thesis]. San Francisco, University of California; 2011.
1984	Moroney SP. Mechanical Properties and Muscle Force Analyses of the Lower Cervical Spine [PhD thesis]. University of Illinois at Chicago; 1984.
1988	Kim YE. An Analytical Investigation of Ligamentous Lumbar Spine Mechanics University of Iowa; May 1988.
1992	Thelen DG. A System Identification Approach to Quantifying Lumbar Trunk Loads [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1992.
1993	Cholewicki J. Mechanical Stability of the in Vivo Lumbar Spine [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 1993.
2010	Langohr GDG. Cervical Total Level Arthroplasty System With PEEK All-Polymer Articulations [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2010.
2014	Karakolis T. Prolonged Sitting, Standing, and the Sit-Stand Paradigm for Office Workers: An Investigation Into Lumbar Spine Intervertebral Joint Load Distribution [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2014.
1996	Choi H. Muscle Forces and Spinal Loads in the Human Neck: An EMG Experiment and a Comparison of Three Modeling Methods [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 1996.
1996	Kim Y. A Finite-Element Study of Intervertebral Cages and Spinal Bone Remodeling [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 1996.
1989	Crisco JJ III. The Biomechanical Stability of the Human Lumbar Spine: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations [PhD thesis]. Yale University; May 1989.