Real-time crash surveillance data in the United States are needed to guide efforts to improve protection of Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs). The Vulnerable Road Users Injury Prevention Alliance (VIPA) is a consortium of academic researchers, automobile manufacturers, consumer metric organizations as well as state and local governmental agencies from Michigan. VIPA has been designed to produce high dimensional data describing crash conditions and VRU injuries. The VIPA database consists of two independent data collection efforts—the VIPA Limited data (a random sample from all police reported VRU-motor vehicle crashes in the state of Michigan combined with injury data from medical records), and the VIPA In-Depth data (complete reconstruction of VRU crashes that include on-scene vehicle photographs and complete medical records including imaging). Data definitions and collection methods were harmonised with those of international research organisations. Categorical factors that contribute to VRU outcomes include: demographics, VRU kinematics types, and injury severity. The most disproportionately observed group were females between 20-29 in the VIPA In-Depth, and males 20-29 in the VIPA Limited dataset. The most prevalent VRU trajectory type observed in passenger cars and multipurpose vehicles (MPV) were forward projection (16%, 14%) and wrap trajectory (20%, 14%). Most VRUs were slightly injured and showed no difference by vehicle type. Recent changes to the increased proportions of MPV’s in the US vehicle fleet have resulted in differential VRUinteractions from those previously described in the US or globally.
Keywords:
Active safety; Passive safety; Crash investigation and analysis; Pedestrian safety; VRU