Summary of IHRA pedestrian safety WG activities (2005):​ proposed test methods to evaluate pedestrian protection afforded by passenger cars

Mizuno, Yoshiyuki<sup>1</sup>

Year	Entry
2015	Simms CK, Wood D, Fredriksson R. Pedestrian injury biomechanics and protection. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:721-753.
2013	Niebuhr T, Junge M, Achmus S. Pedestrian injury risk functions based on contour lines of equal injury severity using real world pedestrian/passenger-car accident data. In: 57th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 22-25, 2013; Quebec City, QC.145-154.
2007	Mallory A, Stammen J, Meyerson S. Pedestrian GTR testing of current vehicles. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Untaroiu C, Shin J, Ivarsson J, Crandall J, Takahashi Y, Akiyama A, Kikuchi Y. Pedestrian kinematics investigation with finite element dummy models based on anthropometry scaling method. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Soni A, Chawla A, Mukherjee S. Effect of muscle contraction on knee loading for a standing pedestrian in lateral impacts. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2009	Awano M, Nishimura I, Hayashi S. Development of a new flex-pli LS-DYNA model and investigations of injury from vehicle impact. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2011	Anata K, Konosu A, Issiki T. Injury risk assessment at the timing of pedestrian impact with a road surface in car-pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2011	Suzuki S, Takahashi Y, Okamoto M, Fredriksson R, Oda S. Validation of pedestrian sedan buck using human finite element model. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2011	Sankarasubramanian H, Mukherjee S, Chawla A. Optimization of vehicle front for safety of pedestrians. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2013	Pal C, Tomosaburo O, Muthukumar M, Narayanan S. Human FE model to estimate head contact time for pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2015	Nuss F, Eckstein L, Teibinger A. Guidelines for pedestrian friendly windscreen designs considering probabilistic fracture behavior. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2017	Ito K, Tokuyama M, Miyazaki H, Hayashi S, Kitagawa Y, Yasuki T. Development of child finite element (FE) models and vehicle-to-pedestrian collision simulations. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 5-8, 2017; Detroit, MI.
2019	Zander O, Wisch M, Ott J, Burleigh M, Fornells A, Lundgren C. Development and evaluation of a thorax injury prediction tool (TIPT) and possibilities for incorporation within improved test and assessment procedures: results from seniors. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 10-13, 2019; Eindhoven, Netherlands.
2006	Okamoto Y, Kikuchi Y. A study of pedestrian head injury evaluation method. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.265-276.
2014	Isshiki T, Konosu A, Takahashi Y. Development of an appropriate pedestrian legform impact test method which can be used for all types of vehicles including high bumper vehicles: development of a simplified upper body part (SUBP) FE model. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.759-784.
2015	Isshiki T, Konosu A, Takahashi Y. Analysis of the causes of differences in impact responses between a human lower limb and the flexible pedestrian legform impactor under low and high bumper vehicle impact situations. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.401-413.
2015	Klug C, Weinberger M, Tomasch E, Feist F, Sinz W, Steffan H, Kinsky T, Roth F, Praxl N, Buenger B. Pelvic and femoral injuries in car-to-pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.49-63.
2017	Gupta A, Alvarez F, Daniel T, Larner D. Investigating the use of adhesively‐coated external airbag to reduce post‐impact kinematics. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.363-372.
2018	Isshiki T, Antona‐Makoshi J, Konosu A, Takahashi Y. Consolidated technical specifications for the advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI). In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.284-301.
2018	Paas R, Huber R, Wilsmann J, von Bülow RM, Kompaß K. Pedestrian leg injury distribution in German in‐depth accident study for leg impactor development. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.305-306.
2018	Kunitomi S, Konosu A. Prediction of head injury severity for pedestrians in car‐pedestrian accidents using deep learning methodology. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.309-310.
2019	Wang SC, Horbal SR, Cunningham K, Brown E, Rammelkamp A, Kaufman R, Kohoyda-Inglis C, Holcombe SA, Ejima S, Joyner J, Drees L, Gainey J, Mueller B, Roth F, Schneider A. Early data and insights from the vulnerable road user injury prevention alliance (VIPA). In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.211-220.
2019	Song E, Uriot J, Potier P, Petit P, Trosseille X, Douard R. Femur cross-section moments estimation in full-scale PMHS pedestrian tests. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.490-505.
2019	Isshiki T, Higuchi Y-k, Kato R, Antona-Makoshi J, Konosu A, Takahashi Y. Development of a pedestrian pelvis impactor CAE model with potential to address pelvis injury loads and injury mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.506-523.
2020	Konosu A, Isshiki T, Antona-Makoshi J, Higuchi Y-k, Winter D, Takahashi Y. Biofidelity improvement of advanced pedestrian legform impactor in rebound phase. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.624-646.
2023	Harden AL, Kang Y-S, Baker GH, Stull KE, Agnew AM. Exploring the effects of sex and size on dynamic tibia properties. In: Proceedings of the 2023 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-165, 2023; Cambridge, United Kingdom.477-498.
2018	Ding C, Lubbe N, Li S, Zhou S. Influence of head impact locations in car‐to‐pedestrian accidents on pedestrian head injury. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Asia Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. April 25-28, 2018; Lonavala, India.35-38.
2018	Mohan P, Shah CS. Development of the FLEX‐PLI GTR regulated Bbip dorderline© FE model. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Asia Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. April 25-28, 2018; Lonavala, India.57-59.
2020	Wu H, Han Y, Shi L, Huang H. Establishment of regression model for predicting pedestrian head injury based on vehicle front-end structural parameters. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Asia Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Beijing, China.93-97.
2007	Fredriksson R, Zhang L, Boström O, Yang K. Influence of impact speed on head and brain injury outcome in vulnerable road user impacts to the car hood. Stapp Car Crash J. 2007;51:155-167. SAE 2007-22-0007.
2011	Matsui Y, Han Y, Mizuno K. Performance of collision damage mitigation braking systems and their effects on human injury in the event of car-to-pedestrian accidents. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:461-478.
2012	Watanabe R, Katsuhara T, Miyazaki H, Kitagawa Y, Yasuki T. Research of the relationship of pedestrian injury to collision speed, car-type, impact location and pedestrian sizes using human FE model (THUMS Version 4). Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:269-321.
2008	Untaroiu CD, Shin J, Ivarsson J, Crandall JR, Subit D, Takahashi Y, Akiyama A, Kikuchi Y. A study of the pedestrian impact kinematics using finite element dummy models: the corridors and dimensional analysis scaling of upper-body trajectories. Int J Crashworthiness. September 2008;13(5):469-478.
2020	Shang S. Pedestrian Whole Body Ground Contact Mechanisms and Head Injury Assessment Following Vehicle Impact [PhD thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; April 2020.
2017	Chen H. Evaluating Pedestrian Head Sub-System Test Procedure Against Full-Scale Vehicle-Pedestrian Impact Using Numerical Models [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2017.
2019	Bollapragada V. The Influence of Disabling Injuries on the Design of the Vehicle Front End for Pedestrian Safety [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2019.
2023	Grindle DM. Protection of Standing and Seated Pedestrians Using Finite Element Analysis [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 27, 2023.