The importance of rotational kinematics in pedestrian head to windshield impacts

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Mordaka, Justyna¹; Kleiven, Svein¹; van Schijndel-de Nooij, Margriet¹; de Lange, Ronald¹; Guerra Casanova, Luis J.³; Carter, Emma L.⁴; von Holst, Hans²

The importance of rotational kinematics in pedestrian head to windshield impacts

Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹TNO Automotive, P.O. Box 756, 5700 AT Helmond, The Netherlands

²KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, School for Technology and Health, Stockholm, Sweden

³Unidad de Biomecánica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Automóvil (INSIA), Spain

⁴University of Birmingham, UK
Abstract and keywords

The objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of angular kinematics on head injury in pedestrian head-to-windshield impacts. Three cases of pedestrian head impacts were simulated with FE head and windshield models. The initial impact conditions were obtained from pedestrian accident reconstructions carried out using multi-body pedestrian and car models. The results from the FE head model were compared with injuries reported in the database. Maximum principal strain was chosen as the injury indicator. After successful head injury predictions, the initial velocities were varied and as a result different peak angular velocities and accelerations were simulated. The results showed that increased peak change in angular velocity caused higher maximal principal strain in the brain and in consequence higher probability of Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI), and Acute Subdural Haematoma (ASDH). A dramatic, three-fold increase in the strain levels in the brain was found when doubling the impact velocity. This paper presents work performed within the framework of a European Commission 6th framework project (APROSYS).

Keywords: Brains; Finite Element Method (FEM); Head Injury; Pedestrians

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2014	Alvarez VS, Halldin P, Kleiven S. The influence of neck muscle tonus and posture on brain tissue strain in pedestrian head impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2014;58:63-101.