Mass, volume, center of mass, and mass moment of inertia of head and head and neck of human body

Walker, Jr, Leon B.; Harris, Edward H.; Pontius, Uwe R.

Year	Entry
1982	Allen D, Buckland B, Lastick A. Method for Determining the Center of Mass of Helmets. Natick, MA: U.S. Army Natick R&D Center; October 8, 1982. Technical Report NATICK/TR-84/029.
2011	Barker DJ, Albery C. Neck Fatigue and Comfort Effects Due to the Extended Wear of Law Enforcement Representative Head-Borne Personal Protective Equipment. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Development And Engineering Command, U.S. Army Research, Chemical Biological Center, Edgewood; July 2011. Report No. ECBC-TR-825.
1996	Butler BP. Long-Duration Exposure Criteria for Head-Supported Mass [Master's thesis]. Fort Leavenworth, KS: United States Army Command and General Staff College; June 7, 1996.
2005	Manoogian SJ, Kennedy EA, Duma SM. An Updated Literature Review of Musculoskeletal Injuries to the Human Neck and the Effects of Head-Supported Mass Worn by Soldiers. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory; October 2005. USAARL Contract Report CR-2006-01.
1980	McConville JT, Churchill TD, Kaleps I, Clauser CE, Cuzzi J. Anthropometric Relationships of Body and Body Segment Moments of Inertia. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory; December 1980. Report No. AFAMRL-TR-80-119.
2010	Roush GC. Finding Cadaveric Human Head Masses and Center of Gravity: A Comparison of Direct Measurement to 3D Modeling [Master's thesis]. Dayton, OH: Wright State University; 2010.
2012	Stammen JA, Herriott R, Kang Y-S, Bolte J, Dupaix R. Sequential biomechanics of the human upper thoracic spine and pectoral girdle. In: 56th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 14-17, 2012; Seattle, WA.151-162.
1994	Okamoto Y, Akiyama A, Nagatomi K, Tsuruga T. Concept of hood design for possible reduction in pedestrian head injury. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1253-1263.
1976	Fayon A, Tarriere C, Walfisch G, Got C, Patel A. Contribution to defining a tolerance level for a laterally impacted human head. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). October 12-15, 1976; Washington, D.C.690-703.
1987	Nilsson S, Planath I. Facial injury occurrence in traffic accidents and lts detection by a load sensing face. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.613-620.
2005	Loyd AM, Myers BS, Luck JF, Frush DP, Nightingale RW. A CT method for finding the pediatric head center of gravity and inertial properties. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2005.27-40.
1974	Verriest JP. Etude du comportement dynamique du systeme tete-cou lors de l'application de forces sinusoïdales de faible amplitude chez l'enfant age de 9 a 11 ans. In: Proceedings of the International Meeting on the Biomechanics of Trauma in Children. September 17-19, 1974; Lyon, France.215-236.
1975	Biard R, Chapon A, Martin F, Verriest JP. Effet du deplacement artificiel du centre de gravite de la tete du babouin sur le comportement dynamique du systeme tete-cou lors d'un choc frontal (-Gx). In: Proceedings of the 1975 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1975; Birmingham, UK.257-268.
1976	Fayon A, Tarriere C, Walfisch G, Got C. Performance of helmets and contribution to the definition of the tolerances of the human head to impact. In: Proceedings of the 1976 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 7-8, 1976; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.291-300.
1980	Beier G, Schuller E, Schuck M, Ewing CL, Becker ED, Thomas DJ. Center of gravity and moments of inertia of human heads. In: Proceedings of the 1980 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1980; Birmingham, England.218-228.
1981	Walfisch G, Fayon A, Tarriere C, Chamouard F, Guillon F, Got C, Patel A, Hureau J. Human head tolerance to impact: influence of the jerk (rate of onset of linear acceleration) on the occurrence of brain injurie. In: Proceedings of the 1981 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1981; Salon de Provence, France.286-296.
1993	de Jager M. Mathematical modelling of the human cervical spine: a survey of the literature. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.213-227.
1993	Ono K, Kanno M. Influences of the physical parameters on the risk to neck injuries in low impact speed rear-end collisions. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.201-212.
1997	Myers BS, Nightingale R. The dynamics of head and neck impact and its role in injury prevention and the complex clinical presentation of cervical spine injury. In: Proceedings of the 1997 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1997; Hannover, Germany.15-33.
1997	Ono K, Kaneoka K. Motion analysis of human cervical vertebrae during low speed rear impacts by the simulated sled. In: Proceedings of the 1997 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1997; Hannover, Germany.223-237.
1998	Ono K, Kaneoka K, Inami S. Influence of seat properties on human cervical vertebral motion and head/neck/torso kinematics during rear-end impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.303-318.
1999	Davidsson J, Lovsund P, Ono K, Svensson MY, Inami S. A comparison between volunteer, BioRID P3 and Hybrid III performance in rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.165-178.
2001	Kleiven S, von Holst H. Consequences of brain size following impact in prediction of subdural hematoma evaluated with numerical techniques. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.
2005	Kleiven S. Influence of direction and duration of impacts to the human head evaluated using the finite element method. In: Proceedings of the 2005 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 21-23, 2005; Prague, Czech Republic.41-57.
2007	Mordaka J, Kleiven S, van Schijndel-de Nooij M, de Lange R, Guerra Casanova LJ, Carter EL, von Holst H. The importance of rotational kinematics in pedestrian head to windshield impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.83-94.
2009	Yoganandan N, Humm J, Pintar F, Gennarelli T. Three-dimensional head physical properties on the accuracy of injury metrics. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.323-326.
2012	Loyd AM, Nightingale RW, Song Y, Luck JF, Cutcliffe H, Myers BS, Bass CD. Impact properties of adult and ATD heads. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.552-564.
2013	Ólafsdóttir JM, Östh JKH, Davidsson J, Brolin KB. Passenger kinematics and muscle responses in autonomous braking events with standard and reversible pre‐tensioned restraints. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.602-617.
2014	Van Toen C, Street J, Oxland TR, Cripton PA. Acoustic emission signals from injuries of three‐vertebra specimens. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.176-185.
2014	Sato F, Nakajima T, Ono K, Svensson M, Brolin K, Kaneoka K. Dynamic cervical vertebral motion of female and male volunteers and analysis of its interaction with head/neck/torso behavior during low‐speed rear impact. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.227-249.
2016	Kang Y, Stammen J, Moorhouse K, Herriott R, Bolte JH IV. PMHS lower neck load calculation using inverse dynamics with cervical spine kinematics and neck mass properties. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.143-157.
2018	Ghaffari G, Brolin K, Bråse D, Pipkorn B, Svanberg B, Jakobsson L, Davidsson J. Passenger kinematics in lane change and lane change with braking manoeuvres using two belt configurations: standard and reversible pre‐pretensioner. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.493-511.
2021	Chan H, Devane KS, Albert DL, Gayzik FS, Kemper AR. Comparisons of initial joint angles and test buck reaction forces for relaxed and braced 5th percentile female and 50th percentile male volunteers and analogous active human body models in a simulated driver’s seat. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 8-10, 2021; Online.83-104.
2014	Van Toen C, Melnyk AD, Street J, Oxland TR, Cripton P. The effects of lateral eccentricity on failure loads and injuries of the cervical spine in head-first impacts. In: Proceedings of the 10th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 18-20, 2014; Columbus, OH.
1978	Got C, Patel A, Fayon A, Tarrière C, Walfisch G. Results of experimental head impacts on cadavers: the various data obtained and their relations to some measured physical parameters. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 24-26, 1978; Ann Arobor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:57-99. SAE 780887.
1986	Saul RA, Farson M, Guenther DA. Development of a component level head impact test device. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:219-236. SAE 861889.
1986	Bosio AC, Bowman BM. Simulation of head-neck dynamic response in −Gx and +Gy. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:345-378. SAE 861895.
2000	Van Ee CA, Nightingale RW, Camacho DLA, Chancey VC, Knaub KE, Sun EA, Myers BS. Tensile properties of the human muscular and ligamentous cervical spine. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:85-102. SAE 2000-01-SC07.
2004	Prange MT, Luck JF, Dibb A, Van Ee CA, Nightingale RW, Myers BS. Mechanical properties and anthropometry of the human infant head. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:279-299. SAE 2004-22-0013.
2006	Dibb AT, Nightingale RW, Chancey VC, Fronheiser LE, Tran L, Ottaviano D, Myers BS. Comparative structural neck responses of the THOR-NT, Hybrid III, and human in combined tension-bending and pure bending. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:567-581. SAE 2006-22-0021.
2010	Loyd AM, Nightingale R, Bass CRD, Mertz HJ, Frush D, Daniel C, Lee C, Marcus JR, Mukundan S, Myers BS. Pediatric head contours and inertial properties for ATD design. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:167-196. SAE 2010-22-0009.
2012	Stammen JA, Herriott R, Kang Y-S, Dupaix R, Bolte J IV. Dynamic properties of the upper thoracic spine-pectoral girdle (UTS-PG) system and corresponding kinematics in PMHS sled tests. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:65-104.
2013	Östh J, Ólafsdóttir JM, Davidsson J, Brolin K. Driver kinematic and muscle responses in braking events with standard and reversible pre-tensioned restraints: validation data for human models. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:1-41.
1996	Ono K, Kanno M. Influences of the physical parameters on the risk to neck injuries in low impact speed rear-end collisions. Accid Anal Prev. 1996;28(4):493-499.
2011	Fice JB, Cronin DS, Panzer MB. Cervical spine model to predict capsular ligament response in rear impact. Ann Biomed Eng. August 2011;39(8):2152-2162.
2013	Camarillo DB, Shull PB, Mattson J, Shultz R, Garza D. An instrumented mouthguard for measuring linear and angular head impact kinematics in American football. Ann Biomed Eng. September 2013;41(9):1939-1949.
2004	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Biomechanics of temporo-parietal skull fracture. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). March 2004;19(3):225-239.
2011	Rowson S, Beckwith JG, Chu JJ, Leonard DS, Greenwald RM, Duma SM. A six degree of freedom head acceleration measurement device for use in football. J Appl Biomech. February 2011;27(1):8-14.
1996	Nightingale RW, McElhaney JH, Richardson WJ, Myers BS. Dynamic responses of the head and cervical spine to axial impact loading. J Biomech. March 1996;29(3):307-318.
1999	Camacho DLA, Nightingale RW, Myers BS. Surface friction in near-vertex head and neck impact increases risk of injury. J Biomech. March 1999;32(3):293-301.
2009	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Zhang J, Baisden JL. Physical properties of the human head: mass, center of gravity and moment of inertia. J Biomech. June 19, 2009;42(9):1177-1192.
2011	Saari A, Itshayek E, Cripton PA. Cervical spinal cord deformation during simulated head-first impact injuries. J Biomech. September 23, 2011;44(14):2565-2571.
2012	Fice JB, Cronin DS. Investigation of whiplash injuries in the upper cervical spine using a detailed neck model. J Biomech. April 5, 2012;45(6):1098-1102.
2001	Camacho DLA, Nightingale RW, Myers BS. The influence of surface padding properties on head and neck injury risk. J Biomech Eng. October 2001;123(5):432-439.
2009	Dibb AT, Nightingale RW, Luck JF, Chancey VC, Fronheiser LE, Myers BS. Tension and combined tension-extension structural response and tolerance properties of the human male ligamentous cervical spine. J Biomech Eng. August 2009;131(8):081008.
2011	Jaumard NV, Bauman JA, Weisshaar CL, Guarino BB, Welch WC, Winkelstein BA. Contact pressure in the facet joint during sagittal bending of the cadaveric cervical spine. J Biomech Eng. July 2011;133(7):071004.
2003	Kleiven S. Influence of impact direction on the human head in prediction of subdural hematoma. J Neurotrauma. April 2003;20(4):365-379.
2011	Panzer MB, Fice JB, Cronin DS. Cervical spine response in frontal crash. Med Eng Phys. November 2011;33(9):1147-1159.
2004	Brolin K, Halldin P. Development of a finite element model of the upper cervical spine and a parameter study of ligament characteristics. Spine. February 15, 2004;29(4):376-385.
2005	Ouyang J, Zhu Q, Zhao W, Xu Y, Chen W, Zhong S. Biomechanical assessment of the pediatric cervical spine under bending and tensile loading. Spine. December 15, 2005;30(24):E716-E723.
1999	Ono K, Kaneoka K. Motion analysis of human cervical vertebrae during low-speed rear impacts by the simulated sled. J Crash Prev Injury Control. 1999;1(2):87-99.
2001	Davidsson J, Lövsund P, Ono K, Svensson MY, Inami S. A comparison of volunteer, BioRID P3 and Hybrid III performance in rear impacts. J Crash Prev Injury Control. 2001;2(3):203-220.
2002	Kleiven S, Von Holst H. Consequences of reduced brain volume following impact in prediction of subdural hematoma evaluated with numerical techniques. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(4):303-310.
2002	Ivarsson J. Physical Modeling of Brain and Head Kinematics [PhD thesis]. Göteburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology; 2002.
2009	Green JWN. The Effects of Added Mass on the Dynamic Motions of the Head and Trunk During Running and Walking [Master's thesis]. Drexel University; September 2009.
1993	Nightingale RW. The Dynamics of Head and Cervical Spine Impact [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 1993.
1998	Camacho DLA. Dynamic Response of the Head and Cervical Spine to Near-Vertex Head Impact: An Experimental and Computational Study [PhD thesis]. Durham, NC: Duke University; 1998.
2000	Van Ee CA. Tensile Properties of the Human Muscular and Ligamentous Cervical Spine [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2000.
2005	Chancey VC. Strength of the Human Neck: Understanding the Contributions of the Ligamentous and Muscular Spine in Tension and Bending [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2005.
2011	Loyd AM. Studies of the Human Head from Neonate to Adult: An Inertial, Geometrical and Structural Analysis With Comparisons to the ATD Head [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2011.
2012	Panzer MB. Numerical Simulation of Primary Blast Brain Injury [PhD thesis]. Durham, NC: Duke University; 2012.
1982	Sandover J. Measurement of the Frequency Response Characteristics of Man Exposed to Vibration [PhD thesis]. Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University of Technology; October 1982.
2004	van Lopik D. A Computational Model of the Human Head and Cervical Spine for Dynamic Impact Simulation [PhD thesis]. Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University; 2004.
2006	Esat V. Biomechanical Modelling of the Whole Human Spine for Dynamic Analysis [PhD thesis]. Loughborough University; June 2006.
2018	Kuo C. Measurement and Modeling of Head Impact Kinematics [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; May 2018.
1996	de Jager MKJ. Mathematical Head-Neck Models for Acceleration Impacts [PhD thesis]. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology; 1996.
2011	Nelson TS. Towards a Neck Injury Prevention Helmet for Head-First Impacts: A Mechanical Investigation [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2011.
2013	Van Toen CY. Biomechanics of Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Under Combined Axial Compression and Lateral Bending Loading [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2013.
1983	Morrison WE. Calibration and Utilization of an Instrumented Football Helmet for the Monitoring of Impact Accelerations [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; March 1983.
2006	Panzer MB. Numerical Modelling of the Human Cervical Spine in Frontal Impact [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2006.
2010	Fice JB. Numerical Modeling of Whiplash Injury [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2010.
2011	Rowson S. Head Acceleration Experienced by Man: Exposure, Tolerance, and Applications [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; March 29, 2011.
2018	Albert DL. Biomechanical Responses of Human Surrogates Under Various Frontal Loading Conditions With an Emphasis on Thoracic Response and Injury Tolerance [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 19, 2018.
1994	Ruan JS. Impact Biomechanics of Head Injury by Mathematical Modeling [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1994.
1995	Zhou C. Finite Element Modeling of Impact Response of an Inhomogeneous Brain [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1995.
2008	Raymond DE. Biomechanics of Blunt Ballistic Temporo-Parietal Head Impact [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2008.
2000	Aida T. Study of Human Head Impact: Brain Tissue Constitutive Models [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; May 2000.
2006	Ivancic PC. Cervical Spine Injury During Simulated Automobile Collisions [PhD thesis]. Yale University; May 2006.

Year	Entry
1968	Ewing CL, Thomas DJ, Beeler GW Jr, Patrick LM, Gillis DB. Dynamic response of the head and neck of the living human to —G_x impact acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:424-439. SAE 680792.
1971	Orne D, Liu YK. A mathematical model of spinal response to impact. J Biomech. 1971;4(1):49-71.
1969	Clauser CE, McConville JT, Young JW. Weight, Volume, and Center of Mass of Segments of the Human Body. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory; August 1969. Report No. AFRL-TR-69-70.