A numerical study on the influence of the upper body and neck on head kinematics in tangential bicycle helmet impact

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Feist, Florian¹; Klug, Corina¹

A numerical study on the influence of the upper body and neck on head kinematics in tangential bicycle helmet impact

Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury

Affiliations

¹Vehicle Safety Institute at Graz University of Technology, Austria
Abstract and keywords

The CEN/TC158/WG11 is developing a new helmet test that takes into account tangential loading. In order to derive a realistic injury risk induced by tangential loading, realistic boundary conditions are essential. However, the influence of the upper body and neck on rotational loading remains unclear.

The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of the upper body and neck in tangential head impact using three state‐of‐the‐art human body models (GHBM, THUMS, CHARM), covering three anthropometric sizes (10‐year‐old, 5th and 50th percentile) and two postures (standing, crouching).

A thoroughly validated bicycle helmet model was fitted to the human body models (HBMs). The HBMs were propelled at 6.5 m/s against a flat horizontal anvil. The influence of upper body posture, upper body’s compliance and body size was analysed. Simulations were comprehensively evaluated taking into account multiple head injury criteria, contact forces and energy balances.

The data suggest that the contact forces, deformation energy and rotational peak acceleration in isolated head tests are underestimated, while translational accelerations are overestimated. Head velocity change and brain injury criteria (BrIC) are consistent, though. Other head injury criteria in equivalent configurations are different in head‐only and full‐body impacts.

Keywords: Brain, Finite Element Methode (FEM), Helmet, Testing, Human Body Models (HBM)
Links

URL: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc16/pdf-files/28.pdf

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Year	Entry
2017	Deck C, Bourdet N, Halldin P, DeBruyne G, Willinger R. Protection capability of bicycle helmets under oblique impact assessed with two separate brain FE models. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.190-200.
2018	Fahlstedt M, Kleiven S, Li X. The influence of the body on head kinematics in playground falls for different age groups. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.336-337.
2018	Meng S, Fahlstedt M, Halldin P. The effect of impact velocity angle on helmeted head impact severity: a rationale for motorcycle helmet impact test design. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.454-469.
2021	Smit S, Trauner-Karner J, Nader M, Kofler D, Erlinger N, Feist F, Klug C. Investigation of injury mechanisms in sledging accidents involving children and adults. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 8-10, 2021; Online.626-649.
2019	Meng S. Towards Improved Motorcycle Helmet Test Methods for Head Impact Protection: Using Experimental and Numerical Methods [PhD thesis]. Huddinge, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology; 2019.
2023	Gildea K. A Biomechanical Analysis of Cyclist Collisions in Ireland [PhD thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; March 2023.