A multi-body computational study of the kinematic and injury response of a pedestrian with variable stance upon impact with a vehicle

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Meissner, Mark¹; van Rooij, Lex¹; Bhalla, Kavi¹; Crandall, Jeff¹; Longhitano, Douglas²; Takahashi, Yukou³; Dokko, Yasuhiro³; Kikuchi, Yuji³

A multi-body computational study of the kinematic and injury response of a pedestrian with variable stance upon impact with a vehicle

Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition

Affiliations

¹University of Virginia

²Honda R&D Americas, Inc.

³Honda R&D Co., Ltd.
Abstract

This research investigates the variation of pedestrian stance in pedestrian-automobile impact using a validated multi-body vehicle and human model. Detailed vehicle models of a small family car and a sport utility vehicle (SUV) are developed and validated for impact with a 50th percentile human male anthropometric ellipsoid model, and different pedestrian stances (struck limb forward, feet together, and struck limb backward) are investigated. The models calculate the physical trajectory of the multi-body models including head and torso accelerations, as well as pelvic force loads.

This study shows that lower limb orientation during a pedestrian-automobile impact plays a dominant role in upper body kinematics of the pedestrian. Specifically, stance has a substantial effect on the subsequent impacts of the head and thorax with the vehicle. The variation in stance can change the severity of an injury incurred during an impact by changing the impact region.
Links

DOI: 10.4271/2004-01-1607

SAE: 2004-01-1607

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Cited By (15)

Year	Entry
2006	Kendall R, Meissner M, Crandall J. The causes of head injury in vehicle-pedestrian impacts: comparing the relative danger of vehicle and road surface. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 3-6, 2006; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2006-01-0462.
2005	Crandall J, Wiley K, Longhitano D, Akiyama A. Development of performance specifications for a pedestrian research dummy. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2005	Longhitano D, Burke C, Bean J, Watts D, Fakhry S, Meissner M, Ivarsson J, Sherwood C, Crandall J, Takahashi Y, Kadotani Y, Hitchcock R, Kinoshita Y. Application of the CIREN methodology to the study of pedestrian crash injuries. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Ivarsson BJ, Crandall JR, Burke C, Stadter G, Grabowski J, Fakhry S, Fredriksson R, Nentwich M. Pedestrian head impact: what determines the likelihood and wrap around distance? In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Masson C, Serre T, Cesari D. Pedestrian-vehicle accident: analysis of 4 full scale tests with PMHS. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2004	Kerrigan JR, Kam CY, Drinkwater DC, Murphy DB, Arregui C, Millington S, Teresinski G, Bolton JR, Crandall JR, Deng B, Wang JT, Kerkeling C, Hahn W. Full scale pedestrian impact testing with PMHS: a pilot study. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2004.147-175.
2008	Subit D, Kerrigan J, Crandall J, Fukuyama K, Yamazaki K, Kamiji K, Yasuki T. Pedestrian-vehicle interaction: kinematics and injury analysis of four full scale tests. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.275-294.
2009	Crandall J. Simulating the road forward: the role of computational modeling in realizing future opportunities in traffic safety. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.3-27.
2013	Alvarez VS, Fahlstedt M, Halldin P, Kleiven S. Importance of neck muscle tonus in head kinematics during pedestrian accidents. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.747-761.
2013	Sankarasubramanian H, Mukherjee S, Chawla A, Göhlich D. A method to compare and quantify threat to pedestrian using injury cost measure. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.896-910.
2005	Kam CY, Kerrigan J, Meissner M, Drinkwater C, Murphy D, Bolton J, Arregui C, Kendall R, Ivarsson J, Crandall J, Deng B, Wang JT, Kerkeling C, Hahn W. Design of a full-scale impact system for analysis of vehicle pedestrian collisions. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 11-14, 2005; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2005-01-1875.
2013	Gupta V, Yang KH. Effect of vehicle front end profiles leading to pedestrian secondary head impact to ground. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:139-155.
2014	Alvarez VS, Halldin P, Kleiven S. The influence of neck muscle tonus and posture on brain tissue strain in pedestrian head impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2014;58:63-101.
2009	Untaroiu CD, Meissner MU, Crandall JR, Takahashi Y, Okamoto M, Ito O. Crash reconstruction of pedestrian accidents using optimization techniques. Int J Impact Eng. February 2009;36(2):210-219.
2012	Jani D, Chawla A, Mukherjee S, Goyal R, Vusirikala N, Jayaraman S. Repositioning the knee joint in human body FE models using a graphics-based technique. Traffic Inj Prev. 2012;13(6):640-649.