Crash report‐based studies indicate Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) to still be at risk of severe injury /fatality on our roads. These studies also indicate frontal crashes to be the most frequently occurring crashes. This work proposes a method to quantify the “threat” from a vehicle front shape to a pedestrian. Injury indices were computed using impact simulations of finite element models of car profiles against multi‐body pedestrian models at a speed of 40km per hour. 3 adult pedestrian models (95th %le and 50th %le Male, 5th %le Female) and one 6 year old child model were considered in crash scenario simulations. Five injury indices, namely, HIC (15ms) for head injury, Viscous Criterion (VC) and resultant peak linear accelerations for chest, peak forces in femur and tibia for lower extremity were recorded from these simulations. An “Injury Cost” (IC) measure was then calculated by mapping injury indices to Abbreviated Injury Scale‐based scores and then mapping them to cost implications. MAIS and ISS have also been discussed for comparison of threat. Ford Taurus (a pre‐ Euro‐ NCAP rated car, and named Profile 1), and Toyota Yaris (a post‐ Euro‐NCAP rated car with 21 points, and named Profile 2) profiles were evaluated using the proposed IC measure. Equi‐weighted IC showed Profile 2 to be safer than Profile 1 but specific population‐based weighted IC indicated Profile 1 to be relatively safer.
Keywords:
Injury Cost Scale, injury threat to pedestrian population, vehicle front‐end design