Investigation of upper body and cervical spine kinematics of post mortem human subjects (PMHS) during low-speed, rear-end impacts

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White, Nicholas A.¹; Begeman, Paul C.¹; Hardy, Warren N.¹; Yang, King H.¹; Ono, Koshiro²; Sato, Fusako²; Kamiji, Koichi³; Yasuki, Tsuyoshi³; Bey, Michael J.⁴

Investigation of upper body and cervical spine kinematics of post mortem human subjects (PMHS) during low-speed, rear-end impacts

Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition

©2009 SAE International

Affiliations

¹Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University

²Japan Automobile Research Institute

³Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association

⁴Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital
Abstract

A total of eight low-speed, rear-end impact tests using two Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) in a seated posture are reported. These tests were conducted using a HYGE-style mini-sled. Two test conditions were employed: 8 kph without a headrestraint or 16 kph with a headrestraint. Upper-body kinematics were captured for each test using a combination of transducers and high-speed video. A 3-2-2-2-accelerometer package was used to measure the generalized 3D kinematics of both the head and pelvis. An angular rate sensor and two single-axis linear accelerometers were used to measure angular speed, angular acceleration, and linear acceleration of T1 in the sagittal plane. Two high-speed video cameras were used to track targets rigidly attached to the head, T1, and pelvis. The cervical spine kinematics were captured with a high-speed, biplane x-ray system by tracking radiopaque markers implanted into each cervical vertebra. Vertebral angle time histories are reported for each biplane x-ray test. This study simultaneously investigates both the upper-body and cervical-spine kinematics of PMHS during low-speed, rear-end impacts.
Links

DOI: 10.4271/2009-01-0387

SAE: 2009-01-0387

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2010	Sato F, Antona J, Ejima S, Ono K. Influence on cervical vertebral motion of the interaction between occiput and head restraint/seat based on the reconstruction of rear-end collision using finite element human model. In: Proceedings of the 2010 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 15-17, 2010; Hannover, Germany.41-58.
2014	Sato F, Nakajima T, Ono K, Svensson M, Brolin K, Kaneoka K. Dynamic cervical vertebral motion of female and male volunteers and analysis of its interaction with head/neck/torso behavior during low‐speed rear impact. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.227-249.
2014	Kang Y, Moorhouse K, Icke K, Herriott R, Bolte J IV. Head and cervical spine responses of post mortem human subjects in moderate speed rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.268-285.
2015	Sato F, Nakajima T, Ono K, Svensson M, Kaneoka K. Characteristics of dynamic cervical vertebral kinematics for female and male volunteers in low‐speed rear impact, based on quasi‐static neck kinematics. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.261-277.
2017	Östh J, Mendoza‐Vazquez M, Linder A, Svensson MY, Brolin K. The VIVA OpenHBM finite element 50th percentile female occupant model: whole body model development and kinematic validation. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.443-466.
2019	Kang Y-S, Moorhouse K, Bolte JH IV. Head trajectories of post mortem human surrogates in moderate-speed rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.102-118.
2024	Östh J, Gröndahl E, Kang Y-S, Jakobsson L. Validation of the SAFER HBM in rear-facing upright and reclined position in high-speed frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2024 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2024; Stockholm, Sweden.47-76.
2024	Kang Y-S, Pradhan V, Stammen J, Baker GH, Marcallini A, Agnew AM, Moorhouse K, Bolte JH IV. Pelvic responses and injuries to male post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) in rear-facing seat configurations in high-speed frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2024 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2024; Stockholm, Sweden.138-160.
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2012	Kang Y-S, Bolte JH IV, Moorhouse K, Donnelly B, Herriott R, Mallory A. Biomechanical responses of PMHS in moderate-speed rear impacts and development of response targets for evaluating the internal and external biofidelity of ATDs. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:105-170.
2011	Kang YS. Evaluation of Biofidelity of Anthropomorphic Test Devices and Investigation of Cervical Spine Injury in Rear Impacts: Head-Neck Kinematics and Kinetics of Post Mortem Human Subjects [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2011.
2015	Gaewsky J. Driver Injury Metric and Risk Variability as a Function of Occupant Position in Real World Motor Vehicle Crashes [Master's thesis]. Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University; May 2015.